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arXiv 2024年

作者： Li, Wenda Chen, Kaixuan Liu, Shunyu Zheng, Tongya Huang, Wenjie Song, Mingli State Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Security Zhejiang University China School of Software Technology Zhejiang University China Institute of Blockchain and Data Security China Big Graph Center School of Computer and Computing Science Hangzhou City University China College of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang University Hangzhou China

Mini-batch Graph Transformer (MGT), as an emerging graph learning model, has demonstrated significant advantages in semi-supervised node prediction tasks with improved computational efficiency and enhanced model robustness. However, existing methods for processing local information either rely on sampling or simple aggregation, which respectively result in the loss and squashing of critical neighbor information. Moreover, the limited number of nodes in each mini-batch restricts the model’s capacity to capture the global characteristic of the graph. In this paper, we propose LGMformer, a novel MGT model that employs a two-stage augmented interaction strategy, transitioning from local to global perspectives, to address the aforementioned bottlenecks. The local interaction augmentation (LIA) presents a neighbor-target interaction Transformer (NTIformer) to acquire an insightful understanding of the co-interaction patterns between neighbors and the target node, resulting in a locally effective token list that serves as input for the MGT. In contrast, global interaction augmentation (GIA) adopts a cross-attention mechanism to incorporate entire graph prototypes into the target node representation, thereby compensating for the global graph information to ensure a more comprehensive perception. To this end, LGMformer achieves the enhancement of node representations under the MGT paradigm. Experimental results related to node classification on the ten benchmark datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Our code is available at https://***/l-wd/LGMformer. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Computational efficiency

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Segmentation Guided Sparse Transformer for Under-Display Camera Image Restoration

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Xue, Jingyun Wang, Tao Wang, Jun Zhang, Kaihao Luo, Wenhan Ren, Wenqi Liu, Zikun Park, Hyunhee Cao, Xiaochun Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University Shenzhen China The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong Hong Kong The State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Nanjing University Nanjing China Beijing China The Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen China The Department of Camera Innovation Group Samsung Electronics Suwon16677 Korea Republic of

Under-Display Camera (UDC) is an emerging technology that achieves full-screen display via hiding the camera under the display panel. However, the current implementation of UDC causes serious degradation. The incident light required for camera imaging undergoes attenuation and diffraction when passing through the display panel, leading to various artifacts in UDC imaging. Presently, the prevailing UDC image restoration methods predominantly utilize convolutional neural network architectures, whereas Transformer-based methods have exhibited superior performance in the majority of image restoration tasks. This is attributed to the Transformer’s capability to sample global features for the local reconstruction of images, thereby achieving high-quality image restoration. In this paper, we observe that when using the Vision Transformer for UDC degraded image restoration, the global attention samples a large amount of redundant information and noise. Furthermore, compared to the ordinary Transformer employing dense attention, the Transformer utilizing sparse attention can alleviate the adverse impact of redundant information and noise. Building upon this discovery, we propose a Segmentation Guided Sparse Transformer method (SGSFormer) for the task of restoring high-quality images from UDC degraded images. Specifically, we utilize sparse self-attention to filter out redundant information and noise, directing the model’s attention to focus on the features more relevant to the degraded regions in need of reconstruction. Moreover, we integrate the instance segmentation map as prior information to guide the sparse self-attention in filtering and focusing on the correct regions. Experimental results on public datasets verify that the proposed method demonstrates positive performance in comparison to state-of-the-art approaches. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Image reconstruction

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Predictive ISAC Beamforming Using LoRA-Transformer LSTM Integrated with GNN in Ultra-Dense D2D mmWave Networks

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IEEE Transactions on Vehicular technology 2025年

作者： Liu, Haochen Bi, Jia Li, Bohan Xiang, Luping Yang, Xin Zhang, Zhaolin Wang, Ling Northwestern Polytechnical University School of Electronics and Information Xi'an710019 China Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Scientific Computing Department STFC DidcotOX11 0QX United Kingdom Ocean University of China Faculty of Information Science and Engineering Qingdao266100 China Nanjing University State Key Laboratory of Novel Software Technology Nanjing210008 China School of Intelligent Software and Engineering Suzhou China

Effective beamforming is crucial in ultra-dense device-to-device (D2D) mmWave networks to reduce interference and optimize communication. However, current methods often struggle to balance high data rates with minimal signaling overhead, especially with imperfect channel state information (CSI). This paper introduces a machine learning-assisted beamforming design tailored for integrated sensing and communication (ISAC), combining an efficient Low-Rank Adaptation Blocked LSTM Transformer with Message Passing Graph Neural Network that is called as LoRA_BLT-MPGNN. The LoRA_BLT component provides a key advantage by efficiently capturing both temporal and spatial patterns through fixed-weight updates during training and low-rank approximation for fine-tuning, significantly reducing computational complexity without sacrificing accuracy. Using historical channel data, the method implicitly captures channel characteristics and directly predicts the beamforming matrix for the subsequent time slot, minimizing signaling overhead while maximizing the achievable sum rate. Our research and simulation results show that the proposed predictive beamforming design maintains robust sensing performance and achieves a sum rate closely approaching the upper bound achievable with perfect CSI. Additionally, the incorporation of MPGNNs enables efficient modeling and learning of complex inter-node relationships, making the approach adaptable to networks of varying sizes and densities. Simulations further demonstrate that the LoRA_BLT-MPGNN model can be generalized across different network densities and coverage areas, reducing computational complexity by approximately 32× in terms of Tensor Floating Point Operations (TFLOPs) compared to conventional methods while maintaining high performance. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Beamforming

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Vulnerability Detection with Graph Simplification and Enhanced Graph Representation Learning

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Wen, Xin-Cheng Chen, Yupan Gao, Cuiyun Zhang, Hongyu Zhang, Jie M. Liao, Qing School of Computer Science and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen China School of Big Data and Software Engineering Chongqing University China Department of Informatics King’s College London United Kingdom Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Security Intelligence Technologies China Peng Cheng Laboratory China

Prior studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of Deep Learning (DL) in automated software vulnerability detection. Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have proven effective in learning the graph representations of source code and are commonly adopted by existing DL-based vulnerability detection methods. However, the existing methods are still limited by the fact that GNNs are essentially difficult to handle the connections between long-distance nodes in a code structure graph. Besides, they do not well exploit the multiple types of edges in a code structure graph (such as edges representing data flow and control flow). Consequently, despite achieving state-of-the-art performance, the existing GNN-based methods tend to fail to capture global information (i.e., long-range dependencies among nodes) of code graphs. To mitigate these issues, in this paper, we propose a novel vulnerability detection framework with grAph siMplification and enhanced graph rePresentation LEarning, named AMPLE. AMPLE mainly contains two parts: 1) graph simplification, which aims at reducing the distances between nodes by shrinking the node sizes of code structure graphs;2) enhanced graph representation learning, which involves one edge-aware graph convolutional network module for fusing heterogeneous edge information into node representations and one kernel-scaled representation module for well capturing the relations between distant graph nodes. Experiments on three public benchmark datasets show that AMPLE outperforms the state-of-the-art methods by 0.39%-35.32% and 7.64%-199.81% with respect to the accuracy and F1 score metrics, respectively. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of AMPLE in learning global information of code graphs for vulnerability detection. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Deep learning

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Container Scheduling in Hybrid Cloud-Edge Collaborative System

Container Scheduling in Hybrid Cloud-Edge Collaborative Syst...

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GLOBECOM 2022 - 2022 IEEE Global Communications Conference

作者： Jincheng Luo Bing Tang Jiaming Zhang Hunan Key Laboratory for Service Computing and Novel Software Technology School of Computer Science and Engineering Hunan University of Science and Technology China Xiangtan China School of Information Engineering Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665435413

Container virtualization technology represented by Docker has been widely used in the industry due to its advantages of lightweight, fast deployment, and easy portability. It can bring convenience to system deployment, operation and maintenance. This paper considers the implementation of AI-based IoT applications based on Docker and container technology in a cloud-edge collaborative environment. Three typical data-intensive applications, preprocessing, training, and inference in machine learning, are deployed using Docker containers. For these three types of tasks, this paper proposes a container-based data-intensive application scheduling framework. Using an attribute-based data-driven method, a new scheduling approach considering multiple weighting factors is proposed, which is called DICS-OPT. The cloud nodes and edge nodes are scored and sorted uniformly. The container is scheduled to the node with the highest score, and then the task data is transmitted to the node to execute the task. This paper introduces the implementation of the prototype system and builds a cloud-edge collaborative test platform consisting of Raspberry Psi and PCs. The performance evaluation results indicates that the proposed scheduling approach outperforms existing scheduling approaches in improving the utilization rate of edge resources and saving cost of cloud resources.

关键词： Training Performance evaluation Cloud computing Job shop scheduling Collaboration Systems architecture Prototypes

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LDE-UNet: A novel Model for Rapid COVID-19 Diagnosis via CT Image Segmentation

LDE-UNet: A Novel Model for Rapid COVID-19 Diagnosis via CT ...

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IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM)

作者： QiSong Wang JiaRou Wu YingZhuo Wang HuiLi Qu Shanling Nie Hai Yang Department of Computer Science and Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Computer Software Evaluating and Testing Shanghai China Faculty of Engineering The University of Sydney Australia

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on human society. It has highlighted the need for faster diagnostic methods. Research has shown that combining semantic segmentation with traditional medical approaches can significantly accelerate the process. To address this, leveraging COVID-19 CT images, our team designs a revolutionary semantic segmentation model called Level of Detail Enhancement U-Net (LDE-UNet), which shows the lesion area on CT images. By introducing the LDE block, the model has the unique advantage of overcoming the loss of data details during the downsampling process by emphasizing and transmitting details at the same level. Our SOTA model outperforms the second-best model by at least 0.7% in the most critical indicator precision. Compared with other models, LDE-UNet’s strong reliability determines its ability to be used in the medical field to accelerate the localization and division of lesion areas on CT images by professional doctors, thus completing patient diagnosis faster. In addition, we also propose a standardized method for processing medical images.

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Abstract Syntax Tree for Programming Language Understanding and Representation: How Far Are We?

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Sun, Weisong Fang, Chunrong Miao, Yun You, Yudu Yuan, Mengzhe Chen, Yuchen Zhang, Quanjun Guo, An Chen, Xiang Liu, Yang Chen, Zhenyu State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Nanjing University Jiangsu Nanjing210093 China School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore639798 Singapore Nantong University Jiangsu Nantong226019 China

Programming language understanding and representation (a.k.a code representation learning) has always been a hot and challenging task in the field of software engineering. It aims to apply deep learning techniques to produce numerical representations of the source code features while preserving its semantics. These representations can be used for facilitating subsequent code-related tasks, e.g., code summarization. The abstract syntax tree (AST), a fundamental code feature, illustrates the syntactic information of the source code and has been widely used in code representation learning. It is commonly acknowledged that AST-based code representation is critical to solving code-related tasks. However, there is still a lack of systematic and quantitative evaluation of how well AST-based code representation facilitates subsequent code-related tasks. Additionally, learning an AST-based code representation is an extremely complex endeavor involving three intertwining stages, including, AST parsing, AST preprocessing, and AST encoding. The solutions available inMSC Codes 68-04, 68T30 Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Semantics

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Fraction Arithmetic Operations Performed by $\mathbf{P}$ Systems

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2023年第4期22卷 689-694页

作者： GUO Ping ZHANG Hong CHEN Haizhu CHEN Jingxin College of Computer Science Chongqing University Chongqing China Chongqing Key Laboratory of Software Theory and Technology Chongqing China Department of Software Engineering Chongqing College of Electronic Engineering Chongqing China Chongqing Branch Agricultural Bank of China Chongqing China

Arithmetical operations are fundamental in computing models. But arithmetic operations in membrane computing are restricted in integer field. In this paper, we present fraction arithmetic $\mathbf{P}$ systems for performing addition, subtraction, multiplication, division on fractions through designing the rules with priority. Some examples are given to illustrate how to compute the arithmetical fractions in these systems and show that the designed rules can carry out correct arithmetic computations of fractions.

关键词： Computational modeling Arithmetic

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Contrastive Learning Based Human Activity Recognition Using Body Sensors 9

Contrastive Learning Based Human Activity Recognition Using ...

引用

9th International Conference on Big Data Computing and Communications, BigCom 2023

作者： Xie, Chuanshi Zhou, Yu Yu, Dandan Sun, Shilong Zhang, Xiao Shenzhen University College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen518060 China The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University Information Center Dalian China Harbin Institute of Technology School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation Shenzhen518055 China South-Central Minzu University Department of Computer Science China South-Central Minzu University Key Laboratory of Cyber-Physical Fusion Intelligent Computing State Ethnic Affairs Commission Wuhan430074 China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350331240

Pervasive sensing and wearable sensor techniques have been increasingly employed to monitor and recognize human activities through body sensors in areas of smart healthcare and manufacturing. However, conventional machine learning or deep learning based human activity recognition (HAR) requires a large amount of labeled data, which is cost-expensive in real-world scenarios. To tackle this issue, we propose a contrastive learning framework for HAR (CL-HAR), which utilizes the generated unlabeled data as the input and explores the supervised features of the unlabeled data under the principle of self-supervised learning. A simple yet effective backbone network as a feature extractor for subsequent activity recognition is proposed. By using a small portion of the labeled samples as the training set which is fed into our learned feature extractor, we build a classifier and use the rest of the data to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of our CL method. Extensive experiments on three benchamark datasets and one real-world dataset demonstrate that CL-HAR can achieve better classification accuracy than compared supervised and semi-supervised methods with less labelled samples, which is of practical use. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Wearable sensors

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FedTC: Enabling Communication-Efficient Federated Learning via Transform Coding

FedTC: Enabling Communication-Efficient Federated Learning v...

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IEEE Annual Joint Conference: INFOCOM, IEEE computer and Communications Societies

作者： Yixuan Guan Xuefeng Liu Jianwei Niu Tao Ren State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems School of Computer Science and Engineering Beihang University Beijing China Zhongguancun Laboratory Beijing China Zhengzhou University Research Institute of Industrial Technology School of Information Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Game Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

ISBN: (数字)9798350383508

ISBN: (纸本)9798350383515

Federated learning (FL) enables distributed training via periodically synchronizing model updates among participants. Communication overhead becomes a dominant constraint of FL since participating clients usually suffer from limited bandwidth. To tackle this issue, top-k based gradient compression techniques are broadly explored in FL context, manifesting powerful capabilities in reducing gradient volumes via picking significant entries. However, previous studies are primarily conducted on the raw gradients where massive spatial redundancies exist and positions of non-zero (top-k) entries vary greatly between gradients, which both impede the achievement of deeper compressions. Top-k may also degrade the performance of trained models due to biased gradient estimations. Targeting the above issues, we propose FedTC, a novel transform coding based compression framework. FedTC transforms gradients into a new domain with more compact energy distributions, which facilitates reducing spatial redundancies and biases in subsequent sparsification. Furthermore, non-zero entries across clients from different rounds become highly aligned in the transform domain, motivating us to partition the gradients into smaller entry blocks with various alignment levels to better exploit these alignments. Lastly, positions and values of non-zero entries are independently compressed in a block-wise manner with our customized designs, through which a higher compression ratio is achieved. Theoretical analysis and extensive experiments consistently demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.

关键词： Training Quantization (signal) Costs Federated learning Redundancy Transform coding Estimation

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