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A Lightweight Convolutional Neural Network with Representation Self-challenge for Fingerprint Liveness Detection

computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第10期73卷 719-733页

作者： Jie Chen Chengsheng Yuan Chen Cui Zhihua Xia Xingming Sun Thangarajah Akilan School of Computer Science Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China Key Laboratory of Public Security Information Application Based on Big-Data Architecture Ministry of Public SecurityZhejiang Police CollegeHangzhou310053China Jiangsu Yuchi Blockchain Research Institute Nanjing210044China Department of Software Engineering Lakehead UniversityThunder BayON P7B 5E1Canada

Fingerprint identification systems have been widely deployed in many occasions of our daily ***,together with many advantages,they are still vulnerable to the presentation attack(PA)by some counterfeit *** address challenges from PA,fingerprint liveness detection(FLD)technology has been proposed and gradually attracted people’s *** vast majority of the FLD methods directly employ convolutional neural network(CNN),and rarely pay attention to the problem of overparameterization and over-fitting of models,resulting in large calculation force of model deployment and poor model *** at filling this gap,this paper designs a lightweight multi-scale convolutional neural network method,and further proposes a novel hybrid spatial pyramid pooling block to extract abundant features,so that the number of model parameters is greatly reduced,and support multi-scale true/fake fingerprint ***,the representation self-challenge(RSC)method is used to train the model,and the attention mechanism is also adopted for optimization during execution,which alleviates the problem of model over-fitting and enhances generalization of detection ***,experimental results on two publicly benchmarks:LivDet2011 and LivDet2013 sets,show that our method achieves outstanding detection results for blind materials and *** size of the model parameters is only 548 KB,and the average detection error of cross-sensors and cross-materials are 15.22 and 1 respectively,reaching the highest level currently available.

关键词： FLD lightweight multi-scale RSC blind materials

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Active learning for multiple target models 22

Active learning for multiple target models

引用

Proceedings of the 36th International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems

作者： Ying-Peng Tang Sheng-Jun Huang College of Computer Science and Technology Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Collaborative Innovation Center of Novel Software Technology and Industrialization MIIT Key Laboratory of Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence Nanjing China

ISBN: (纸本)9781713871088

We describe and explore a novel setting of active learning (AL), where there are multiple target models to be learned simultaneously. In many real applications, the machine learning system is required to be deployed on diverse devices with varying computational resources (e.g., workstation, mobile phone, edge devices), which leads to the demand of training multiple target models on the same labeled dataset. However, it is generally believed that AL is model-dependent and untransferable, i.e., the data queried by one model may be less effective for training another model. This phenomenon naturally raises a question "Does there exist an AL method that is effective for multiple target models?"". In this paper, we answer this question by theoretically analyzing the label complexity of active and passive learning under the setting with multiple target models, and conclude that AL does have potential to achieve better label complexity under this novel setting. Based on this insight, we further propose an agnostic AL sampling strategy to select the examples located in the joint disagreement regions of different target models. The experimental results on the OCR benchmarks show that the proposed method can significantly surpass the traditional active and passive learning methods under this challenging setting.

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Using CNN to predict the resolution status of bug reports

Using CNN to predict the resolution status of bug reports

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2020 International Symposium on Automation, Information and Computing, ISAIC 2020

作者： Arshad, Muhammad Ali Zhiqiu, Huang Department of Computer Science and Technology Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing211106 China Key Laboratory of Safety-Critical Software NUAA Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Nanjing211106 China

Bug tracking systems (BTS) are a resource for receiving bug reports that help to improve software applications. They usually contain reports reported by the end-users or developers. Bug Reports contain some suggestions, complaints, etc. The problem is that every submitted bug report is not accepted to implement. Mostly bug reports are rejected because they are incomplete, duplicate, expired, etc. while only a few are accepted to implement. But the developers have to check every bug report manually that needs many resources (i.e. labour, money, time). In this study, we proposed a convolutional neural network (CNN) based approach to automatically classify bug reports as accepted and rejected. Results show that the proposed approach achieves the highest performance as compared to closely related works. © 2021 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.

关键词： Application programs

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IDL: Evaluating software quality based on PageRank algorithm

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The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications 2020年第1期27卷 10-25页

作者： Zhou Guoqiang Fan Yi Zhang Shuai Wang Yilun Li Peng Dai Guilan School of Computer Science Nanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing 210023China State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Southwest China Institute of Electronic Technology Chengdu 610036China Institute of Information Technology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

In the traditional method, the software quality is measured by various metrics of the software, such as decoupling level(DL), which can be used to predict software defect. However, DL, which treats all the files equally, has not taken file importance into consideration. Therefore, a novel software quality metric, named as improved decoupling level(IDL), based on the importance of documents was proposed. First, the PageRank algorithm was used to calculate the importance of files to obtain the weights of the dependencies, and then defect prediction models was established by combining the software scale, dependencies, scores and software defects to assess the software quality. Compared to most existing module-based software quality evaluation methods, IDL has similar or even superior performance in the prediction of software quality. The results indicate that IDL measures the importance of each file in the software more accurately by combining the PageRank algorithm in DL, which indirectly reflects the quality of software by predicting the bug information in software and improves the accuracy of prediction result of software bug information.

关键词： decoupling level(DL) PageRank improved decoupling level(IDL) software architecture software matrix software quality

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Recent developments in application of single-cell RNA sequencing in the tumour immune microenvironment and cancer therapy

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Military Medical Research 2023年第3期10卷 383-402页

作者： Pei-Heng Li Xiang-Yu Kong Ya-Zhou He Yi Liu Xi Peng Zhi‑Hui Li Heng Xu Han Luo Jihwan Park Department of Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid DiseaseFrontiers Science Centre for Disease‑Related Molecular NetworkDepartment of General SurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu 610044China Department of Oncology West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu 610044China Department of Rheumatology and Immunology Rare Diseases CentreWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu 610044China College of Computer Science Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Centre West China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation CentreChengdu 610044China School of Life Sciences Gwangju Instituteof Science and Technology(GIST)Gwangju 61005Republic of Korea

The advent of single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)has provided insight into the tumour immune microenvironment(TIME).This review focuses on the application of scRNA-seq in investigation of the *** time,scRNA-seq methods have evolved,and components of the TIME have been deciphered with high *** this review,we first introduced the principle of scRNA-seq and compared different sequencing *** cell types in the TIME,a continuous transitional state,and mutual intercommunication among TIME components present potential targets for prognosis prediction and treatment in ***,we concluded novel cell clusters of cancerassociated fibroblasts(CAFs),T cells,tumour-associated macrophages(TAMs)and dendritic cells(DCs)discovered after the application of scRNA-seq in *** also proposed the development of TAMs and exhausted T cells,as well as the possible targets to interrupt the *** addition,the therapeutic interventions based on cellular interactions in TIME were also *** decades,quantification of the TIME components has been adopted in clinical practice to predict patient survival and response to therapy and is expected to play an important role in the precise treatment of *** the current findings,we believe that advances in technology and wide application of single-cell analysis can lead to the discovery of novel perspectives on cancer therapy,which can subsequently be implemented in the ***,we propose some future directions in the field of TIME studies that can be aided by scRNA-seq technology.

关键词： Single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq) Tumour immune microenvironment(TIME) Trajectory Cellular interactions Therapeutic targets

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Diff-Reg: Diffusion Model in Doubly Stochastic Matrix Space for Registration Problem

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2024年

作者： Wu, Qianliang Jiang, Haobo Luo, Lei Li, Jun Ding, Yaqing Xie, Jin Yang, Jian PCA Lab Key Lab of Intelligent Perception and Systems for High-Dimensional Information Ministry of Education Jiangsu Key Lab of Image and Video Understanding for Social Security School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing China State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Nanjing University Nanjing China School of Intelligence Science and Technology Nanjing University Suzhou China Visual Recognition Group Faculty of Electrical Engineering Czech Technical University in Prague Prague Czech Republic National University of Singapore Singapore

Establishing reliable correspondences is essential for 3D and 2D-3D registration tasks. Existing methods commonly leverage geometric or semantic point features to generate potential correspondences. However, these features may face challenges such as large deformation, scale inconsistency, and ambiguous matching problems (e.g., symmetry). Additionally, many previous methods, which rely on single-pass prediction, may struggle with local minima in complex scenarios. To mitigate these challenges, we introduce a diffusion matching model for robust correspondence construction. Our approach treats correspondence estimation as a denoising diffusion process within the doubly stochastic matrix space, which gradually denoises (refines) a doubly stochastic matching matrix to the ground-truth one for high-quality correspondence estimation. It involves a forward diffusion process that gradually introduces Gaussian noise into the ground truth matching matrix and a reverse denoising process that iteratively refines the noisy one. In particular, we deploy a lightweight denoising strategy during the inference phase. Specifically, once points/image features are extracted and fixed, we utilize them to conduct multiple-pass denoising predictions in the reverse sampling process. Evaluation of our method on both 3D and 2D-3D registration tasks confirms its effectiveness. The code is available at https://***/wuqianliang/Diff-Reg. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Stochastic systems

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TAPEMAN: Towards an Optimal Data Gathering Mechanism in Wireless Sensor Networks

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2023年第4期19卷 594-598页

作者： Yu Gu Yusheng Ji Hongyang Chen Baohua Zhao Department of Computer Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology Beijing China Information Systems Architecture Science Research Division NII Tokyo Japan Institute of Industrial Science University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan

In this paper, we study the lifetime optimization problem using a mobile sink node in a storage-constrained wireless sensor network, and propose an optimal data gathering mechanism named (TAPEMAN) which runs in three steps: first a tight upper bound of the network lifetime is derived through analysis of energy consumption, then we generate a Traveling salesman problem (TSP) solution based on a 2-approximation $O(n^{2})$ algorithm. A judgment will be made about whether this solution is optimal. If the answer is yes, TAPEMAN terminates. If not, a novel data diffusion scheme is used to distribute data to neighboring nodes, in order to avoid data leaking. We prove that under some reasonable assumptions, our algorithm can achieve this upperbound. Simulation results demonstrate the efficiency of our proposed solution and substantiate the importance of using sink mobility for energy-constrained sensor networks.

关键词： Wireless communication Wireless sensor networks Energy consumption Upper bound Simulation Traveling salesman problems Delays

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Mobile Collocated Gaming: Collaborative Play and Meaning-Making on a University Campus

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Proceedings of the ACM on Human-computer Interaction 2020年第CSCW2期4卷 1-24页

作者： Zhang, Xun Gui, Xinning Kou, Yubo Li, Yukun School of Computer Science and Engineering Tianjin University of Technology Tianjin300384 China Pennsylvania State University University ParkPA16802 United States Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligence Computing and Novel Software Technology Tianjin University of Technology Tianjin300384 China

Many mobile games are designed to be placeless, so that mobile device owners could play anytime, anywhere. But does such design erase the sense of place in mobile gaming? To investigate the spatiality of mobile gaming, we conducted an ethnographic study of mobile gaming in a Chinese university. We found mobile gaming as a form of collocated interaction, where participants collectively created meanings around distinctive places on the campus including dormitory, classroom, and laboratory, and engaged in collaborative play. Their mobile collocated gaming was shaped by the social, organizational, and cultural contexts of places. The spatiality of mobile collocated gaming entails both appropriation of the norms and expectations of places and creation of new meanings to negotiate tensions between mobile gaming and places. We further discuss the spatiality of mobile collocated gaming and broader social and cultural conditions. © 2020 ACM.

关键词： china. mobile collocated gaming mobile game place space spatiality university student

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M.R. Hunter: Hunting for Metamorphic Relations by Puzzle Solving 42

M.R. Hunter: Hunting for Metamorphic Relations by Puzzle Sol...

引用

42nd IEEE/ACM International Conference on software Engineering Workshops, ICSEW 2020

作者： Yang, Yingzhuo Xu, Chang State Key Lab for Novel Software Technology Nanjing University Nanjing China Department of Computer Science and Technology Nanjing University Nanjing China

ISBN: (纸本)9781450379632

Metamorphic testing (MT) is getting increasingly popular by exhibiting test effectiveness for a wide range of subjects, from compilers to machine learning programs. However, the central part of MT, i.e., the derivation of useful metamorphic relations (MRs), still falls behind MT's rapid applications. In this paper, we propose M.R. Hunter, an interactive online game for attracting users, especially those who are not familiar with, or even reluctant to, learning intrinsic complexities behind MT, to participate into the MR derivation process in a puzzle-solving way. The game design carefully considers how to guide users to participate actively, how to present conjectured MRs intuitively, and how to validate MRs effectively. So far, we have built and deployed a preliminary version of the game, and received active feedbacks, suggesting both promising results and useful advices for future improvement. © 2020 ACM.

关键词： Program compilers

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Differential Privacy Preserving Distributed Quantum Computing

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2024年

作者： Zhong, Hui Ju, keyi Shen, Jiachen Zhang, Xinyue Qin, Xiaoqi Ohtsuki, Tomoaki Pan, Miao Han, Zhu Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Houston Houston United States State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing China Department of Computer Science Kennesaw State University Marietta United States Department of Information and Computer Science Keio University Tokyo Japan

Existing quantum computers can only operate with hundreds of qubits in the Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) state, while quantum distributed computing (QDC) is regarded as a reliable way to address this limitation, allowing quantum computers to achieve their full computational potential. However, similar to classical distributed computing, QDC also faces the problem of privacy leakage. Existing research has introduced quantum differential privacy (QDP) for privacy protection in central quantum computing, but there is no dedicated privacy protection mechanisms for QDC. To fill this research gap, our paper introduces a novel concept called quantum Rényi differential privacy (QRDP), which incorporates the advantages of classical Rényi DP and is applicable in the QDC domain. Based on the new quantum Rényi divergence, QRDP provides delicate and flexible privacy protection by introducing parameter α. In particular, the QRDP composition is well suited for QDC, since it allows for more precise control of the total privacy budget in scenarios requiring multiple quantum operations. We analyze a variety of noise mechanisms that can implement QRDP, and derive the lowest privacy budget provided by these mechanisms. Finally, we investigate the impact of different quantum parameters on QRDP. Through our simulations, we also find that adding noise will make the data less usable, but increase the level of privacy protection. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Quantum computers

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