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18th Chinese Conference on Biometric Recognition, CCBR 2024

作者： Shi, Siyu Shao, Huikai Zhong, Dexing School of Automation Science and Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Shaanxi Xi’an710049 China State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Nanjing University Nanjing China Xi’an Yizhanghui Technology Co. Shannxi Xi’an712000 China Pazhou Laboratory Guangzhou510335 China Research Institute of Xi’an Jiaotong University Zhejiang311215 China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819610679

Palmprint recognition is an emerging biometric technology with many advantages. However, there is some sensitive personal information in palmprint images. Once accessed by unauthorized malicious third parties, it may lead to privacy breaches. Current palmprint recognition methods focus on recognition accuracy but ignore the privacy protection issue. In this paper, we propose a novel privacy-protecting palmprint recognition method, named Pruning Frequency Channels (PFC). Based on the difference in image perception between the human eye and the model, we eliminate the privacy information in palmprint images by pruning the low-frequency components that can be perceived by humans. Subsequently, we propose a pruning strategy for determining the pruned channels based on the energy of the frequency channels. We explore the impact of the energy ratio threshold on PFC performance and find an energy ratio threshold that is universal to different datasets. Adequate experiments conducted on multiple databases show that our PFC method can perform better than other methods and effectively hide personal privacy information with almost no damage to recognition accuracy. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Frequency learning Palmprint recognition Privacy protection

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Safe and robust subgame exploitation in imperfect information games 24

Safe and robust subgame exploitation in imperfect informatio...

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Proceedings of the 41st International Conference on Machine Learning

作者： Zhenxing Ge Zheng Xu Tianyu Ding Linjian Meng Bo An Wenbin Li Yang Gao State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu China and School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu China Microsoft Corporation Redmond Washington Skywork AI Singapore and School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu China and School of Intelligence Science and Technology Nanjing University Suzhou Campus Suzhou Jiangsu China

Opponent exploitation is an important task for players to exploit the weaknesses of others in games. Existing approaches mainly focus on balancing between exploitation and exploitability but are often vulnerable to modeling errors and deceptive adversaries. To address this problem, our paper offers a novel perspective on the safety of opponent exploitation, named Adaptation Safety. This concept leverages the insight that strategies, even those not explicitly aimed at opponent exploitation, may inherently be exploitable due to computational complexities, rendering traditional safety overly rigorous. In contrast, adaptation safety requires that the strategy should not be more exploitable than it would be in scenarios where opponent exploitation is not considered. Building on such adaptation safety, we further propose an Opponent eXploitation Search (OX-Search) framework by incorporating real-time search techniques for efficient online opponent exploitation. Moreover, we provide theoretical analyses to show the adaptation safety and robust exploitation of OX-Search, even with inaccurate opponent models. Empirical evaluations in popular poker games demonstrate OX-Search's superiority in both exploitability and exploitation compared to previous methods.

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LDE-UNet: A novel Model for Rapid COVID-19 Diagnosis via CT Image Segmentation

LDE-UNet: A Novel Model for Rapid COVID-19 Diagnosis via CT ...

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2023 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine, BIBM 2023

作者： Wang, QiSong Wu, JiaRou Wang, YingZhuo Qu, HuiLi Nie, Shanling Yang, Hai East China University of Science and Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering Shanghai China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Computer Software Evaluating and Testing Shanghai China The University of Sydney Faculty of Engineering Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350337488

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on human society. It has highlighted the need for faster diagnostic methods. Research has shown that combining semantic segmentation with traditional medical approaches can significantly accelerate the process. To address this, leveraging COVID-19 CT images, our team designs a revolutionary semantic segmentation model called Level of Detail Enhancement U-Net (LDE-UNet), which shows the lesion area on CT images. By introducing the LDE block, the model has the unique advantage of overcoming the loss of data details during the downsampling process by emphasizing and transmitting details at the same level. Our SOTA model outperforms the second-best model by at least 0.7% in the most critical indicator precision. Compared with other models, LDE-UNet's strong reliability determines its ability to be used in the medical field to accelerate the localization and division of lesion areas on CT images by professional doctors, thus completing patient diagnosis faster. In addition, we also propose a standardized method for processing medical images. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： COVID-19 Downsample LDE-UNet Semantic segmentation

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Learning a Mini-Batch Graph Transformer via Two-Stage Interaction Augmentation 27

Learning a Mini-Batch Graph Transformer via Two-Stage Intera...

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27th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence, ECAI 2024

作者： Li, Wenda Chen, Kaixuan Liu, Shunyu Zheng, Tongya Huang, Wenjie Song, Mingli State Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Security Zhejiang University China School of Software Technology Zhejiang University China Institute of Blockchain and Data Security China Big Graph Center School of Computer and Computing Science Hangzhou City University China College of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang University Hangzhou China

ISBN: (纸本)9781643685489

Mini-batch Graph Transformer (MGT), as an emerging graph learning model, has demonstrated significant advantages in semi-supervised node prediction tasks with improved computational efficiency and enhanced model robustness. However, existing methods for processing local information either rely on sampling or simple aggregation, which respectively result in the loss and squashing of critical neighbor information. Moreover, the limited number of nodes in each mini-batch restricts the model’s capacity to capture the global characteristic of the graph. In this paper, we propose LGMformer, a novel MGT model that employs a two-stage augmented interaction strategy, transitioning from local to global perspectives, to address the aforementioned bottlenecks. The local interaction augmentation (LIA) presents a neighbor-target interaction Transformer (NTIformer) to acquire an insightful understanding of the co-interaction patterns between neighbors and the target node, resulting in a locally effective token list that serves as input for the MGT. In contrast, global interaction augmentation (GIA) adopts a cross-attention mechanism to incorporate entire graph prototypes into the target node representation, thereby compensating for the global graph information to ensure a more comprehensive perception. To this end, LGMformer achieves the enhancement of node representations under the MGT paradigm. Experimental results related to node classification on the ten benchmark datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Our code is available at https://***/l-wd/LGMformer. © 2024 The Authors.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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To cool or not to cool? temperature network meets large foundation models via DRO 24

To cool or not to cool? temperature network meets large foun...

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Proceedings of the 41st International Conference on Machine Learning

作者： Zi-Hao Qiu Siqi Guo Mao Xu Tuo Zhao Lijun Zhang Tianbao Yang National Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Nanjing University Nanjing China Computer Science and Engineering Texas A&M University College Station Computer Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta National Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Nanjing University Nanjing China and Pazhou Laboratory (Huangpu) Guangzhou China

The temperature parameter plays a profound role during training and/or inference with large foundation models (LFMs) such as large language models (LLMs) and CLIP models. Particularly, it adjusts the logits in the softmax function in LLMs, which is crucial for next token generation, and it scales the similarities in the contrastive loss for training CLIP models. A significant question remains: "Is it viable to learn a neural network to predict a personalized temperature of any input data for enhancing LFMs?" In this paper, we present a principled framework for learning a small yet generalizable temperature prediction network (TempNet) to improve LFMs. Our solution is composed of a novel learning framework with a robust loss underpinned by constrained distributionally robust optimization (DRO), and a properly designed TempNet with theoretical inspiration. TempNet can be trained together with a large foundation model from scratch or learned separately given a pretrained foundation model. It is not only useful for predicting personalized temperature to promote the training of LFMs but also generalizable and transferable to new tasks. Our experiments on LLMs and CLIP models demonstrate that TempNet greatly improves the performance of existing solutions or models, e.g. Table 1. The code to reproduce the experimental results in this paper can be found at https://***/zhqiu/TempNet.

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Efficient and Long-Tailed Generalization for Pre-trained Vision-Language Model

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Shi, Jiang-Xin Zhang, Chi Wei, Tong Li, Yu-Feng National Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology School of Artificial Intelligence Nanjing University China National Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Nanjing University China School of Computer Science and Engineering Key Laboratory of Computer Network and Information Integration of Ministry of Education Southeast University China

Pre-trained vision-language models like CLIP have shown powerful zero-shot inference ability via image-text matching and prove to be strong few-shot learners in various downstream tasks. However, in real-world scenarios, adapting CLIP to downstream tasks may encounter the following challenges: 1) data may exhibit long-tailed data distributions and might not have abundant samples for all the classes;2) There might be emerging tasks with new classes that contain no samples at all. To overcome them, we propose a novel framework to achieve efficient and long-tailed generalization, which can be termed as Candle. During the training process, we propose compensating logit-adjusted loss to encourage large margins of prototypes and alleviate imbalance both within the base classes and between the base and new classes. For efficient adaptation, we treat the CLIP model as a black box and leverage the extracted features to obtain visual and textual prototypes for prediction. To make full use of multi-modal information, we also propose cross-modal attention to enrich the features from both modalities. For effective generalization, we introduce virtual prototypes for new classes to make up for their lack of training images. Candle achieves state-of-the-art performance over extensive experiments on 11 diverse datasets while substantially reducing the training time, demonstrating the superiority of our approach. The source code is available at https://***/shijxcs/Candle. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Zero-shot learning

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Poster Abstract: Ripple: Large-Scale Service and Configuration Management in the Cloud 25

Poster Abstract: Ripple: Large-Scale Service and Configurati...

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25th ACM International Middleware Conference Demos, Posters and Doctoral Symposium, MIDDLEWARE 2024

作者： Ji, Shuping Tang, Zhen Wang, Wei Li, Hui Yao, Jianguo Jacobsen, Hans-Arno Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Shanghai Jiao Tong University Jinan Inspur Data Technology Co. Ltd Shanghai China University of Toronto Toronto Canada Key Laboratory of System Software CAS State Key Laboratory of Computer Science Institute of Software at CAS University of CAS Beijing China University of CAS Nanjing College Nanjing China Nanjing Institute of Software Technology Nanjing China

ISBN: (纸本)9798400713545

Microservice architectures backed by container technology have been widely used in many real-world cloud-native applications. The number of containers in cloud data centers continues to increase, expected to reach several million soon. At this scale, existing service and configuration management solutions have limited efficiency, scalability and robustness. To overcome these limitations, we propose Ripple, which uniquely combines several existing and some novel features including consistent hashing-based workload distribution, dynamic destination list-based and client-assisted message delivery, incremental update, and adaptive load balancing. The experiments show that our solution greatly outperforms its counterparts. © 2024 Copyright held by the owner/author(s).

关键词： Efficiency

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A Systematic Literature Review on Large Language Models for Automated Program Repair

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Zhang, Quanjun Fang, Chunrong Xie, Yang Ma, Yuxiang Sun, Weisong Yang, Yun Chen, Zhenyu State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Nanjing University China School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore Department of Computing Technologies Swinburne University of Technology Australia

Automated Program Repair (APR) attempts to patch software bugs and reduce manual debugging efforts. Very recently, with the advances in Large Language Models (LLMs), a rapidly increasing number of APR techniques have been proposed, significantly facilitating software development and maintenance and demonstrating remarkable performance. However, due to ongoing explorations in the LLM-based APR field, it is challenging for researchers to understand the current achievements, challenges, and potential opportunities. This work provides the first systematic literature review to summarize the applications of LLMs in APR between 2020 and 2024. We analyze 127 relevant papers from LLMs, APR and their integration perspectives. First, we categorize existing popular LLMs that are applied to support APR and outline three types of utilization strategies for their deployment. Besides, we detail some specific repair scenarios that benefit from LLMs, e.g., semantic bugs and security vulnerabilities. Furthermore, we discuss several critical aspects of integrating LLMs into APR research, e.g., input forms and open science. Finally, we highlight a set of challenges remaining to be investigated and the potential guidelines for future research. Overall, our paper provides a systematic overview of the research landscape to the APR community, helping researchers gain a comprehensive understanding of achievements and promote future research. Our artifacts are publicly available at the GitHub repository: https://***/iSEngLab/AwesomeLLM4APR. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Repair

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PathLAD+: An Improved Exact Algorithm for Subgraph Isomorphism Problem 32

PathLAD+: An Improved Exact Algorithm for Subgraph Isomorphi...

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32nd International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, IJCAI 2023

作者： Wang, Yiyuan Jin, Chenghou Cai, Shaowei Lin, Qingwei School of Computer Science and Information Technology Northeast Normal University China Key Laboratory of Applied Statistics of MOE Northeast Normal University Changchun China Computer School Beijing Information Science and Technology University Beijing China State Key Laboratory of Computer Science Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China School of Computer Science and Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences China Microsoft Research China

ISBN: (纸本)9781956792034

The subgraph isomorphism problem (SIP) is a challenging problem with wide practical applications. In the last decade, despite being a theoretical hard problem, researchers designed various algorithms for solving SIP. In this work, we propose three main heuristics and develop an improved exact algorithm for SIP. First, we design a probing search procedure to try whether the search procedure can successfully obtain a solution at first sight. Second, we design a novel matching ordering as a value-ordering heuristic, which uses some useful information obtained from the probing search procedure to preferentially select some promising target vertices. Third, we discuss the characteristics of different propagation methods in the context of SIP and present an adaptive propagation method to make a good balance between these methods. Experimental results on a broad range of real-world benchmarks show that our proposed algorithm performs better than state-of-the-art algorithms for the SIP. © 2023 International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence. All rights reserved.

关键词： Set theory

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Deep Convolutional Neural Network Approach for COVID-19 Detection

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computer Systems science & Engineering 2022年第7期42卷 201-211页

作者： Yu Xue Bernard-Marie Onzo Romany F.Mansour Shoubao Su School of Computer and Software Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China Engineering Research Center of Digital Forensics Ministry of EducationNanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjingChina Department of Mathematics Faculty of ScienceNew Valley UniversityEl-Kharja72511Egypt Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Data Science and Smart Software Jinling Institute of TechnologyNanjing211169China

Coronavirus disease 2019(Covid-19)is a life-threatening infectious disease caused by a newly discovered strain of the *** by the end of 2020,Covid-19 is still not fully understood,but like other similar viruses,the main mode of transmission or spread is believed to be through droplets from coughs and sneezes of infected *** accurate detection of Covid-19 cases poses some questions to scientists and *** two main kinds of tests available for Covid-19 are viral tests,which tells you whether you are currently infected and antibody test,which tells if you had been infected ***-tine Covid-19 test can take up to 2 days to complete;in reducing chances of false negative results,serial testing is *** image processing by means of using Chest X-ray images and Computed Tomography(CT)can help radiologists detect the *** imaging approach can detect certain characteristic changes in the lung associated with *** this paper,a deep learning model or tech-nique based on the Convolutional Neural Network is proposed to improve the accuracy and precisely detect Covid-19 from Chest Xray scans by identifying structural abnormalities in scans or X-ray *** entire model proposed is categorized into three stages:dataset,data pre-processing andﬁnal stage being training and classiﬁcation.

关键词： COVID-19 deep learning convolutional neural network X-ray

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