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arXiv 2020年

作者： Xu, Gao Hao, Feng Weng, Mouyi Hong, Jiawang Pan, Feng Fang, Daining State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems Center for Applied Physics and Technology College of Engineering Peking University Beijing100871 China Department of Engineering Mechanics Shandong University Jinan250100 China School of Advanced Materials Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen518055 China School of Aerospace Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing100081 China Institute of Advanced Structure Technology Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing100081 China

Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) work under sophisticated external force field and its electrochemical properties could be modulated by strain. Owing to the electromechanical coupling, the change of micro-local-structures can greatly affect lithium (Li) diffusion rate in solid state electrolytes and electrode materials of LIBs. In this study, we find that strain gradient in bilayer graphene (BLG) significantly affects Li diffusion barrier, which is termed as the flexo-diffusion effect, through first-principles calculations. The Li diffusion barrier substantially decreases/increases under the positive/negative strain gradient, leading to the change of Li diffusion coefficient in several orders of magnitude at 300 K. Interestingly, the regulation effect of strain gradient is much more significant than that of uniform strain field, which can have a remarkable effect on the rate performance of batteries, with a considerable increase in the ionic conductivity and a slight change of the original material structure. Moreover, our ab initio molecular dynamics simulations (AIMD) show that the asymmetric distorted lattice structure provides a driving force for Li diffusion, resulting in oriented diffusion along the positive strain gradient direction. These findings could extend present LIBs technologies by introducing the novel strain gradient engineering. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Lithium-ion batteries

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Roadmap on Neuromorphic Photonics

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Brunner, Daniel Shastri, Bhavin J. Al-Qadasi, Mohammed A. Ballani, H. Barbay, Sylvain Biasi, Stefano Bienstman, Peter Bilodeau, Simon Bogaerts, Wim Böhm, Fabian Brennan, G. Buckley, Sonia Cai, Xinlun Strinati, Marcello Calvanese Canakci, B. Charbonnier, Benoit Chemnitz, Mario Chen, Yitong Cheung, Stanley Chiles, Jeff Choi, Suyeon Christodoulides, Demetrios N. Chrostowski, Lukas Chu, J. Clegg, J.H. Cletheroe, D. Conti, Claudio Dai, Qionghai Di Lauro, Luigi Diamantopoulos, Nikolaos-Panteleimon Dinc, Niyazi Ulas Ewaniuk, Jacob Fan, Shanhui Fang, Lu Franchi, Riccardo Freire, Pedro Gentilini, Silvia Gigan, Sylvain Giorgi, Gian Luca Gkantsidis, C. Gladrow, J. Goi, Elena Goldmann, M. Grabulosa, A. Gu, Min Guo, Xianxin Hejda, Matěj Horst, F. Hsieh, Jih-Liang Hu, Jianqi Hu, Juejun Huang, Chaoran Hurtado, Antonio Jaurigue, Lina Kalinin, K.P. Kamalian-Kopae, Morteza Kelly, D.J. Khajavikhan, Mercedeh Kremer, H. Laydevant, Jeremie Lederman, Joshua C. Lee, Jongheon Lenstra, Daan Li, Gordon H.Y. Li, Mo Li, Yuhang Lin, Xing Lin, Zhongjin Lis, Mieszko Lüdge, Kathy Lugnan, Alessio Lupo, Alessandro Lvovsky, A.I. Manuylovich, Egor Marandi, Alireza Marchesin, Federico Massar, Serge McCaughan, Adam N. McMahon, Peter L. Moralis-Pegios, Miltiadis Morandotti, Roberto Moser, Christophe Moss, David J. Mukherjee, Avilash Nikdast, Mahdi Offrein, B.J. Oguz, Ilker Oripov, Bakhrom O'Shea, G. Ozcan, Aydogan Parmigiani, F. Pasricha, Sudeep Pavanello, Fabio Pavesi, Lorenzo Peserico, Nicola Pickup, L. Pierangeli, Davide Pleros, Nikos Porte, Xavier Primavera, Bryce A. Prucnal, Paul Psaltis, Demetri Puts, Lukas Qiao, Fei Rahmani, B. Raineri, Fabrice Ríos Ocampo, Carlos A. Robertson, Joshua Romeira, Bruno Roques-Carmes, Charles Rotenberg, Nir Rowstron, A. Schoenhardt, Steffen Schwartz, Russell L.T. Shainline, Jeffrey M. Shekhar, Sudip Skalli, A. Sohoni, Mandar M. Sorger, Volker J. Soriano, Miguel C. Spall, James Stabile, Ripalta Stiller, Birgit Sunada, Satoshi Tefas, Anastasios Tossoun, Bassem Tsakyridis, Apostolos Turitsyn, Sergei K. Van der Sande, G Université Marie et Louis Pasteur CNRS UMR 6174 Institut FEMTO-ST Besançon25000 France Centre for Nanophotonics Department of Physics Engineering Physics & Astronomy Queen's University Canada Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada Microsoft Research Cambridge United Kingdom Université Paris-Saclay CNRS Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies France Nanoscience Laboratory Department of Physics University of Trento Italy Photonics Research Group Department of Information Technology Ghent University imec Belgium Princeton University NJ United States Hewlett Packard Labs Hewlett Packard Enterprise Böblingen Germany National Institute of Standards and Technology BoulderCO United States State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies School of Electronics and Information Technology Sun Yat-sen University China Enrico Fermi Research Center Rome Italy Université Grenoble-Alpes CEA Leti Grenoble France Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology Jena Germany Institute of Applied Optics and Biophysics Jena Germany Department of Automation Tsinghua University Beijing China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering North Carolina State University NC United States Department of Electrical Engineering Stanford University CA United States University of Southern California Los AngelesCA United States Department of Physics Sapienza University Rome Italy Institute for Complex Systems National Research Council Rome Italy Varennes Canada NTT Device Technology Labs NTT Corporation Kanagawa Atsugi Japan Institute of Electrical and Microengineering School of Engineering École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Switzerland Edward L. Ginzton Laboratory Stanford University StanfordCA United States Department of Electronic Engineering Tsinghua University China Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology Tsinghua University China Aston Univ

Neuromorphic photonics are processors inspired by the human brain and enabled by light (photons) instead of traditional electronics. Neuromorphic photonics and its associated concepts are experiencing a significant resurgence, building on foundational research from the 1980s and 1990s. This renewed momentum is driven by breakthroughs in photonic integration, nonlinear optics, and advanced materials, alongside the growing necessity of neuro-inspired computing in numerous applications of economic and societal relevance. The increasing demand for energy-efficient artificial intelligence (AI) solutions underscores the need for innovation and a cohesive vision to address key challenges, including scalability, energy efficiency, precision, and standardized performance benchmarks. Together, these efforts present an opportunity to establish a unique photonic advantage with practical, real-world applications. This roadmap consolidates recent advances while exploring emerging applications, reflecting the remarkable diversity of hardware platforms, neuromorphic concepts, and implementation philosophies reported in the field. It emphasizes the critical role of cross-disciplinary collaboration in this rapidly evolving field. The roadmap introduces various approaches to embedding the high-complexity transformations central to neuromorphic computing, focusing on frequency, delay, and spectral embeddings. This is followed by a discussion of architectures of photonic neural networks (PNNs) and an in-depth analysis of methods for implementing these architectures in photonic hardware. Dedicated sections delve into integrated photonic hardware, the realization of photonic weights and memories, and the optimization of training processes for photonic neuromorphic architectures. The roadmap concludes by exploring numerous potential applications, highlighting the challenges and advances necessary to transition neuromorphic photonic computing from a primarily academic pursuit to a technolog

关键词： Philosophical aspects

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Giant polarization and abnormal flexural deformation in bent freestanding perovskite Oxides

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Cai, Songhua Lun, Yingzhuo Ji, Dianxiang Han, Lu Guo, Changqing Zang, Yipeng Gao, Si Wei, Yifan Gu, Min Zhang, Chunchen Gu, Zhengbin Wang, Xueyun Addiego, Christopher Fang, Daining Nie, Yuefeng Hong, Jiawang Wang, Peng Pan, Xiaoqing National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials College of Engineering and Applied Sciences Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing210093 China School of Aerospace Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing100081 China Institute of Advanced Structure Technology Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing100081 China State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems Center for Applied Physics and Technology College of Engineering Peking University Beijing100871 China Department of Physics and Astronomy University of California-Irvine IrvineCA92697 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California-Irvine IrvineCA92697 United States Department of Applied Physics Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon999077 Hong Kong

Recent realizations of ultrathin freestanding perovskite oxides offer a unique platform to probe novel properties in two-dimensional oxides. Here, we observed a giant flexoelectric response in freestanding BiFeO3 and SrTiO3 in their bent state arising from strain gradients up to 4×107 m−1, suggesting a promising approach for realizing extremely large polarizations. Additionally, a substantial reversible change in thickness was discovered in bent freestanding BiFeO3, which implies an unusual bending-expansion/shrinkage and thickness-dependence Poisson’s ratios in this ferroelectric membrane that has never been seen before in crystalline materials. Our theoretical modeling reveals that this unprecedented flexural deformation within the membrane is attributable to a flexoelectricity–piezoelectricity interplay. The finding unveils intriguing nanoscale electromechanical properties and provides guidance for their practical applications in flexible nanoelectromechanical systems. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Bismuth compounds

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Direct Observation of Flatband Loop states Arising from Nontrivial Real-Space Topology

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Physical Review Letters 2020年第18期124卷 183901-183901页

作者： Jina Ma Jun-Won Rhim Liqin Tang Shiqi Xia Haiping Wang Xiuyan Zheng Shiqiang Xia Daohong Song Yi Hu Yigang Li Bohm-Jung Yang Daniel Leykam Zhigang Chen The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics TEDA Applied Physics Institute and School of Physics Nankai University Tianjin 300457 China Department of Physics and Astronomy Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Korea Center for Correlated Electron Systems Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Seoul 08826 Korea Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics Shanxi University Taiyuan Shanxi 030006 People’s Republic of China Engineering Lab for Optoelectronic Technology and Advanced Manufacturing Henan Normal University Xinxiang 453007 China Center for Theoretical Physics (CTP) Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Korea Center for Theoretical Physics of Complex Systems Institute for Basic Science Daejeon 34126 Republic of Korea Department of Physics and Astronomy San Francisco State University San Francisco California 94132 USA

Topological properties of lattices are typically revealed in momentum space using concepts such as the Chern number. Here, we study unconventional loop states, namely, the noncontractible loop states (NLSs) and robust boundary modes, mediated by nontrivial topology in real space. While such states play a key role in understanding fundamental physics of flatband systems, their experimental observation has been hampered because of the challenge in realizing desired boundary conditions. Using a laser-writing technique, we optically establish photonic kagome lattices with both an open boundary by properly truncating the lattice, and a periodic boundary by shaping the lattice into a Corbino geometry. We thereby demonstrate the robust boundary modes winding around the entire edge of the open lattice and, more directly, the NLSs winding in a closed loop akin to that in a torus. We prove that the NLSs due to real-space topology persist in ideal Corbino-shaped kagome lattices of arbitrary size. Our results could be of great importance for our understanding of the singular flatbands and the intriguing physics phenomenon applicable for strongly interacting systems.

关键词： Optical lattices & traps Photonics Topological effects in photonic systems

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Role of the large-scale structures in spanwise rotating plane Couette flow with multiple states

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Physical Review Fluids 2019年第10期4卷 104606-104606页

作者： Zhenhua Xia Yipeng Shi Minping Wan Chao Sun Qingdong Cai Shiyi Chen Department of Engineering Mechanics Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems Center for Applied Physics and Technology College of Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China Department of Energy and Power Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

In the past, dual states were reported in turbulent plane Couette flow with spanwise rotation at Rew=1300 and Ro=0.2 based on direct numerical simulations at a computational box 10πh×2h×4πh, where the flow would evolve to a state with three or two pairs of roll cells if the simulation started with the initial flow field ui3p or ui2p. In the present work, the influence of an initial flow field on the dual states is investigated. Nine new simulations with an initial flow field constructed by ui=αui2p+(1−α)ui3p (α=0.1,0.2,...,0.9) are carried out, and it turns out that the flow will evolve to a state with three pairs of roll cells if α≤0.6, while the flow will have only two pairs of roll cells when α≥0.7, which documents the robustness of two states. The turbulent statistics is also revisited, and it is found that the turbulent kinetic energy and related dissipation are larger in the state with more roll cells. The terms in the transport equations of the Reynolds stresses are generally of the same shape at two different states, but the state with more roll cells has a larger value. The energy transfer between the secondary and the residual fields shows that the secondary flows are more energetic at the state with more roll cells while the residual field is more energetic in the other state. Furthermore, a local inverse energy cascade is observed in the near wall region at the latter state with fewer roll cells where the energy is transferred from the residual field to the secondary flow field. Our results support the conjecture that the large-scale secondary flows play a very important role in the dual states of spanwise rotating plane Couette flows.

关键词： Rotating geophysical flows Shear layer turbulence Taylor-Couette system turbulence Viscosity

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Artificial boundary conditions for out-of-plane motion in penta-graphene

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2017年第6期33卷 992-998页

作者： Songsong Ji Shaoqiang Tang MoE Key Laboratory of High Energy Density Physics Simulations Center for Applied Physics and Technology Key Laboratory of Turbulence and Complex SystemsCollege of Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871China

In this paper, artificial boundary conditions are designed for out-of-plane waves in penta-graphene, a newly proposed allotrope of carbon. By matching the dispersion relation for acoustic branch phonons in the long wave limit, we determine parameters in proposed linear constraints among displacements and velocities at the boundary and nearby atoms. Reflection analysis for normal incidences and a numerical test demonstrate the effectiveness of the artificial boundary conditions. These conditions may be used for studying mechanical behaviours of the novel complex lattice of penta-graphene. © 2017 The Chinese Society of Theoretical and applied Mechanics; Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

关键词： Carbon Graphene Reflection

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Identifying the pattern of breakdown in a laminar-turbulent transition via binary sequence statistics and cellular-automaton simulations

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Physical Review E 2019年第2期100卷 023110-023110页

作者： Wen Zhang Peiqing Liu Hao Guo Minping Wan Jianchun Wang Shiyi Chen Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 People's Republic of China Key Laboratory of Aero-Acoustics (Beihang University) Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Beijing 100191 People's Republic of China Key Laboratory of Fluid Mechanics (Beihang University) Ministry of Education Beijing 100191 People's Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Turbulence and Complex Systems Center for Applied Physics and Technology College of Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 People's Republic of China

The laminar-turbulent transition induced by two-dimensional steplike roughness is investigated focusing on the pattern of breakdown. The statistics of the turbulent burst rate is found to be significantly different from the prediction of the classical theory. A systematic investigation of the pattern of breakdown is motivated by this phenomenon. It is identified with heuristic analysis that a pattern of distributed breakdown is responsible for the deviation, in contrast to the concentrated breakdown hypothesis in the classical theory. The pattern indicates that the steps probably induced a bypass transition in present experimental setup, which is different from the current understanding about the step-induced transition. Cellular-automaton simulations are carried out to validate the heuristic analysis. The influences of quasiconcentration and non-Poisson process in spot generation on the breakdown statistics are also discussed based on the simulation results.

关键词： Boundary layer receptivity, stability & separation Transition to turbulence

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Self-propelled detachment upon coalescence of surface bubbles

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Lv, Pengyu Peñas, Pablo Le The, Hai Eijkel, Jan van den Berg, Albert Zhang, Xuehua Lohse, Detlef State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science BIC-ESAT College of Engineering Peking University Beijing100871 China Physics of Fluids group Faculty of Science and Technology Max Planck - University of Twente Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics MESA+ Institute J. M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Dynamics University of Twente P.O. Box 217 Enschede7500 AE Netherlands BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip group Faculty of Electrical Engineering Max Planck - University of Twente Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics Mathematics and Computer Science MESA+ Institute University of Twente P.O. Box 217 Enschede7500 AE Netherlands Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering University of Alberta EdmontonABT6G1H9 Canada Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization Göttingen37077 Germany

The removal of microbubbles from substrates is crucial for the efficiency of many catalytic and electrochemical gas evolution reactions in liquids. The current work investigates the coalescence and detachment of bubbles generated from catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. Self-propelled detachment, induced by the coalescence of two bubbles, is observed at sizes much smaller than those determined by buoyancy. Upon coalescence, the released surface energy is partly dissipated by the bubble oscillations, working against viscous drag. The remaining energy is converted to the kinetic energy of the out-of-plane jumping motion of the merged bubble. The critical ratio of the parent bubble sizes for the jumping to occur is theoretically derived from an energy balance argument and found to be in agreement with the experimental results. The present results provide both physical insight for the bubble interactions and practical strategies for applications in chemical engineering and renewable energy technologies like electrolysis. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Coalescence

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Three-Dimensionally Printed Mechanical Metamaterials With Thermally Tunable Auxetic Behavior

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Physical Review applied 2019年第4期11卷 044074-044074页

作者： Zeang Zhao Chao Yuan Ming Lei Le Yang Qiang Zhang Haosen Chen H. Jerry Qi Daining Fang State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems & Center for Applied Physics and Technology College of Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia 30332 USA Digital Manufacturing and Design Center Singapore University of Technology and Design Singapore 487372 Singapore Institure of Advanced Structure Technology Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China

The extraordinary properties of mechanical metamaterials are created from the geometrical design of their internal structures. As a result, the nature of classical mechanical metamaterials usually would not change and one geometrical design only corresponds to one set of mechanical behaviors. This restricts the application of metamaterials where an adaptive behavior is desirable. In this work, we demonstrate the dynamic and on-demand regulation of mechanical metamaterials through a combination of structural design and multimaterial 3D printing. We design a soft periodic lattice metamaterial containing two distinct deformation modes. One deformation mode is controlled by the zig-zagged topological defects, and the other one is controlled by the thermal activation of the responsive materials imbedded in the lattice. By regulating the deformation mode with ambient temperature, the effective Poisson ratio of the lattice can be intentionally switched between negative values and positive values. The mechanism of thermally tunable deformation is investigated both experimentally and theoretically, resulting in a predictive design space of the metamaterial. We believe our design principle opens up a new route for the exploration of metamaterials exhibiting extraordinary and programmable mechanical behaviors.

关键词： Elastic deformation Poisson ratio Smart materials Thermal properties 3-dimensional systems Auxetic materials Metamaterials

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Lower bound for transient growth of inclined buoyancy layer

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applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2017年第6期38卷 779-796页

作者： Xiangming XIONG Jianjun TAO Center for Applied Physics and Technology (CAPT)-MOE Key Laboratory of High Energy Density Physics Simulation (HEDPS) State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex System (SKLTCS)Department of Mechanics and Engineering ScienceCollege ofEngineeringPeking University

The relationship between stabilities of the buoyancy boundary layers along an inclined plate and a vertical plate immersed in a stratified medium is studied theoretically and numerically. The eigenvalue problem of energy stability is solved with the method of descending exponentials. The disturbance energy is found to be able to grow to 11.62 times as large as the initial disturbance energy for Pr = 0.72 when the Grashof number is between the critical Grashof numbers of the energy stability and the linear stability. We prove that, with a weighted energy method, the basic flow of the vertical buoyancy boundary layer is stable to finite-amplitude streamwise-independent disturbances.

关键词： natural convection boundary layer energy method transient growth

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