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Beyond material selection: The critical role of thermal conductivity in 3D solar-driven interfacial evaporators for desalination

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Separation and Purification Technology 2025年 373卷

作者： Mao, Wei Li, Luncao Zhou, Bo Fu, Kunkun Li, Xuesong Wang, Zhiwei State Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Green Resource Recycling Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security School of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai200092 China School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics Tongji University Shanghai200092 China

Water scarcity has intensified the development of sustainable desalination technologies, with Solar-Driven Interfacial Evaporation (SDIE) emerging as a promising solution. Despite recent advances, the critical role of thermal conductivity in SDIE performance remains insufficiently understood, especially in 3D architectures. This study developed a numerical model to analyze how thermal conductivity influences evaporation rates across varying SDIE designs and environmental conditions. The effects of thermal conductivity were examined for SDIEs with varying porosity and evaporation area index (EAI, ratio of total area available for evaporation relative to projected ground aera), as well as under diverse environmental conditions, including air temperature, feedwater temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and solar irradiation intensity. The results indicate that a general increase in thermal conductivity generally enhances the evaporation rate across different SDIE designs and environmental conditions. Furthermore, under specific environmental conditions—such as low air temperature, high water temperature, low relative humidity, high wind speed, and low solar irradiation, the impact of thermal conductivity on evaporation performance becomes particularly significant. As thermal conductivity increases, the contribution of water thermal energy to the evaporation process grows substantially, while the contribution of air thermal energy decreases. Additionally, water temperature and air temperature are critical factors, with thermal conductivity exerting a more pronounced influence on evaporation rate when the water temperature is higher than the air temperature. These findings provide valuable insights for the design and optimization of SDIE, highlighting the importance of selecting materials with tailored thermal conductivities to achieve high evaporation efficiency under varying environmental conditions. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Electric heating

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Microbial dynamics and CO consumption enhancement via co-digestion with carbohydrate-rich synthetic wastewater

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Science of the Total Environment 2025年 968卷 178887页

作者： Li, Chunxing Bao, Ruihan Sun, Yan Quan, Jiawei Angelidaki, Irini Yuan, Zengwei State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the Environment Nanjing University Nanjing210023 China Lishui Institute of Ecology and Environment Nanjing University Nanjing211200 China Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Technical University of Denmark Kgs. LyngbyDK-2800 Denmark

Due to the toxicity and low mass transfer of CO, its efficient conversion is crucial for syngas biomethanation. In the present study, anaerobic co-digestion of CO and carbohydrate-rich synthetic wastewater was conducted to facilitate the CO conversion performance, followed by microbial analysis with and without methanogenic activity inhibition (namely, digestion and acidification systems). The results indicated that glucose addition in co-digestion system dramatically enhanced CO consumption. The maximum consumption rate (μ-max) of CO increased by about 65 % with adding glucose. However, CO presented partial inhibition on methanogenic activity without declining methane yield. Microbial analysis showed that microbial diversity increased in co-digestion systems. Hydrogenotrophic methanogens from Methanobrevibacter became dominant in all individual and co-digested systems. Methanogenic activity inhibited community proved the bacteria mainly mediated CO conversion, and glucose addition promoted the growth of acetogenic bacteria from Firmicutes, relating to the enhancement in CO consumption. Species from Synergistota worked as the main syntrophic oxidizers, along with Defluviitoga, Syntrophomonas, and Syntrophaceticus, assisting methane production by hydrogenotrophic methanogens. The outcomes in the present study supply an efficient strategy for synergetic treatment of syngas (CO-rich gas) and organic waste/wastewater for energy recovery. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Carbohydrate-rich synthetic wastewater Carbon monoxide Carboxydotroph Co-digestion Microbial analysis Syngas biomethanation

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Integration of Bio-Enzyme-Treated Super-Wood and AIE-Based Nonwoven Fabric for Efficient Evaporating the Wastewater with High Concentration of Ammonia Nitrogen

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第8期17卷 1-16页

作者： Qian Ding Bingqi Jin Yinxia Zheng Huiru Zhao Jun Wang Haoxuan Li Dong Wang Ben Zhong Tang Engineering Research Center of Technical Textiles Ministry of EducationCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringDonghua UniversityShanghai 201620People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse School of Environmental Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092People’s Republic of China Nonwoven Technology Laboratory College of Textile Science and EngineeringJiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122People’s Republic of China Centre for AIE Research Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and TechnologyGuangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional MaterialsCollege of Material Science and EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518061People’s Republic of China School of Science and Engineering Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and TechnologyThe Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhen(CUHK-Shenzhen)Shenzhen 518172People’s Republic of China

The treatment of ammonia nitrogen wastewater(ANW)has garnered significant attention due to the ecology,and even biology is under increasing threat from over discharge *** ANW treatment methods often encounter challenges such as complex processes,high costs and secondary *** progress has been made in employing solar-induced evaporators for wastewater ***,there remain notable barriers to transitioning from fundamental research to practical applications,including insufficient evaporation rates and inadequate resistance to ***,we propose a novel evaporator,which comprises a bio-enzyme-treated wood aerogel that serves as water pumping and storage layer,a cost-effective multi-walled carbon nanotubes coated hydrophobic/hydrophilic fibrous nonwoven mat functioning as photothermal evaporation layer,and aggregation-induced emission(AIE)molecules incorporated as anti-biofouling *** resultant bioinspired evaporator demonstrates a high evaporation rate of 12.83 kg m−2 h−1 when treating simulated ANW containing 30 wt%NH4Cl under 1.0 sun of ***-doped evaporator exhibits remarkable photodynamic antibacterial activity against mildew and bacteria,ensuring outstanding resistance to biofouling over extended periods of wastewater *** enhanced by natural wind under 1.0 sun irradiation,the evaporator achieves an impressive evaporation rate exceeding 20 kg m−2 h−*** advancement represents a promising and viable approach for the effective removal of ammonia nitrogen wastewater.

关键词： Wood aerogel AIE Anti-biofouling Solar-driven interface evaporation Ammonia nitrogen wastewater treatment

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Combination of suspect and nontarget screening with exposure assessment for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance prioritization in Chinese municipal wastewater

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Environment International 2025年 198卷 109384页

作者： Mu, Hongxin Chen, Ling Zhou, Rong Gu, Luyao Yu, Yue Tang, Jin Zhang, Houhu Ren, Hongqiang Wu, Bing Bu, Yuanqing Research Center of Solid Waste Pollution and Prevention Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science Ministry of Ecology and Environment Nanjing210042 China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of Environment Nanjing University Nanjing210023 China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology 219 Ningliu Road Nanjing210044 China

Municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are significant sources of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in aquatic environments, making their identification and priority rank crucial for risk control. Wastewater samples were collected from 148 municipal WWTPs in China to determine the occurrence and risk prioritization of PFASs. A total of 61 PFASs were identified, including 14 legacy and 47 emerging PFASs, using machine learning prediction-enhanced suspect and nontarget screening techniques. PFASs were detected in all wastewater samples, with perfluorocarboxylic acid (PFCA), perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA), fluoromeric sulfonic acid (FTSA), and perfluoroalkyl sulfonamide-like (PFSM) substances being the predominant classes. The exposure loads of legacy and emerging PFASs to the Chinese population were 71.8 and 52.9 μg·day−1·people−1, respectively, and textile and clothing products might be the primary PFAS exposure pathways. Through a risk prioritization method integrating toxicity and exposure data, ten legacy and five emerging PFASs were flagged as high-priority substances requiring additional attention. As the PFAS risk removal efficiency by conventional biological treatment processes was only 0.7 %, the PFAS risk priority patterns in influent and effluent were similar (r = 0.86, p © 2025 The Author(s)

关键词： Wastewater treatment

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Responses of dissolved organic nitrogen to varied nitrogen deposition: A 16-year nitrogen-addition and cessation experiment in a subtropical forest

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Science of the Total Environment 2025年 975卷 179284页

作者： Yang, Dongxing Xie, Dani Mulder, Jan Yu, Qian Huang, Yongmei Duan, Lei State Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Sustainability School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Shanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation School of Land Engineering Chang'an University Shanxi 710064 China Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life Sciences Box 5003 ÅsNO-1432 Norway State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse and School of the Environment Nanjing University 163 Xian in Ave. Jiangsu Nanjing210023 China Faculty of Geographical Science Beijing Normal University Beijing100875 China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China

The leaching of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) signals N loss in forest ecosystems, connecting terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. The response of DON to varied inorganic N (Nin) deposition remains unclear. A 16-year continuous monitoring of DON in throughfall, soil water, and stream water was conducted under a field N manipulation (10-year Nin addition and subsequent cessation of Nin addition) in a subtropical forest in China. Under reference conditions, the average organic N (Nor) deposition was 23.0 ± 4.9 kg N ha−1 yr−1, with approximately one-third leaching at a soil depth of 30 cm, a value that was higher than those reported for temperate forests. Over a 16-year period, DON concentrations tended to increase in throughfall, soil solutions and stream water. The long-term increase in DON concentrations in soil solutions was primarily driven by increasing Nor deposition and indirectly influenced by decreasing acid deposition. Due to a doubling of monthly Nin input, either as sodium nitrate or as ammonium nitrate, the soil DON leaching doubled, causing the soil to transition from a DON sink to a DON source. After Nin addition ceased, the DON leaching returned to natural levels, and the soil reverted to being a DON sink. This study reveals the importance of Nor deposition and decreasing acid deposition as drivers of long-term trends in DON concentrations in soil solutions, in addition to elucidating the response patterns of DON to increasing and decreasing Nin deposition. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Chronic nitrogen addition Dissolved organic nitrogen Nitrogen deposition Soil acidification recovery Water chemistry

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Mechanism of manganese ion-driven degradation of organic matter in waste leachate by key microbial communities

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Separation and Purification Technology 2025年 372卷

作者： Zhu, Bo Fan, Zihao Zhang, Hua Luo, Tao Zhang, Yong Liu, Hao School of Environmental and Energy Engineering Anhui Jianzhu University Hefei230601 China Hefei Water Supply Group Co. Ltd Hefei230011 China Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Hefei230601 China

Manganese ions (Mn2+), commonly present in waste leachate, significantly influence anaerobic biological treatment systems. Understanding their effects on key microorganisms and elucidating the mechanisms of organic matter degradation are critical for process optimization. This study investigated microbial community dynamics using 16S rRNA sequencing coupled with statistical analysis, while structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to decipher the driving mechanisms of Mn2+ on organic matter metabolic pathways. Results demonstrated that low Mn2+ concentrations (100–400 mg/L) enhanced anaerobic treatment efficiency, whereas higher concentrations (500–600 mg/L) exhibited inhibitory effects. Microbial analysis identified 23 key genera in the anaerobic system, including Defluviimonas, Acidibacter, NK4A214_group_1, Anaerofustis, BD1_7_clade, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_12, Fontibacter, Chelativorans, Fastidiosipila, and Tissierella, which dominated metabolic processes. SEM revealed Mn2+ exerted the strongest inhibitory effect on non-organic acid metabolic pathways (standardized path coefficient: −0.7416), while promoting organic matter degradation primarily through valeric acid metabolic pathways (standardized path coefficient: 0.6205). These insights underscore that strategic regulation of influent Mn2+ levels can amplify metabolic diversity, ultimately enhancing organic removal in leachate treatment systems. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Clostridium

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Nitrogen and phosphorus removal under intermittent aeration conditions

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2002年第4期14卷 541-546页

作者： XIA Si\|qing, GAO Ting\|yao, ZHOU Zeng\|yan (state key laboratory of pollution control and resource reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.) Tongji University State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse 上海 200092 Tongji University State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse 上海 200092

A practice wastewater treatment plant was operated using intermittent aeration activated sludge process to enhance biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal. When the influent concentrations of COD Cr , BOD 5, TN, TP, NH 3\|N, TKN, and SS varied in a range of 207.5—1640 mg/L, 61.8—637 mg/L, 28.5—75.6 mg/L, 4.38—20.2 mg/L, 13.6—31.9 mg/L, 28.5—75.6 mg/L, and 111—1208 mg/L, the effluent means were less than 50 mg/L, 20 mg/L, 5 mg/L, 1.0 mg/L, 5 mg/L, 10 mg/L, and 20 mg/L, respectively. Based on a long time of operating results, this process is very suitable for nutrient biological removal for treating the municipal wastewater those water characteristics are similar as that of the Songjiang Municipal Waste Water Treatment Plant(SJMWTP).

关键词： intermittent aeration process high concentration activated sludge nitrogen removal phosphorus removal

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Deciphering Mechanisms of Silica-Metal Scaling on RO Membranes via 3D Structural and Compositional Analysis

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Environmental Science and Technology 2025年 2025 May 13页

作者： Wang, Hailan Dai, Ruobin Wang, Zhiwei State Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Green Resource Recycling Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security School of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China

Deciphering the structure and composition of the scaling layer is crucial for understanding its formation mechanisms in the reverse osmosis (RO) process. However, conventional characterization techniques face challenges in providing high three-dimensional resolution and precise compositional analysis of mixed scales, which hinders in-depth elucidation of the underlying mechanisms. In this study, we combined the exceptional depth resolution of time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) and the superior mixed-scale discrimination capability of thermogravimetry-infrared spectroscopy (TG-IR) to analyze Si/Al scaling, a common issue in industrial RO systems. Under acid conditions, ToF-SIMS measurements revealed Al species enrichment on the membrane surface, attributed to the strong affinity between Al³⁺ and the membrane. The preferential deposition of Al³⁺ further facilitated the heterogeneous nucleation of polymerized silica through the electrostatic shielding effect, leading to the rapid formation of a thin and dense scaling layer. In contrast, neutral and alkaline conditions produced a slower-developing, uniform, thicker, and loosely structured scaling layer through physical deposition of supersaturated Si/Al complex scales. TG-IR analysis revealed that neutral conditions favored coprecipitated adsorption-bound Si/Al species (6-coordinate Al) and Si/Al polymers (4-coordinate Al), whereas alkaline conditions primarily produced coprecipitated silica and Al(OH)₄⁻. These findings advance the mechanistic understanding of Si/Al scaling and provide a foundation for targeted control strategies in silica-metal combined scaling in RO systems. © 2025 American Chemical Society.

关键词： composition analysis metal-silica interaction reverse osmosis silica scaling structural characterization

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Selective enrichment of gram-staining bacteria by antimicrobial pressure enhances volatile fatty acids production from waste activated sludge

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Chemical Engineering Journal 2025年 514卷

作者： Xia, Xue Huang, Wenxuan Wei, Zhicheng Fang, Fang Su, Lianghu Luo, Jingyang Wu, Yang Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes Ministry of Education Hohai University Nanjing210098 China College of Environment Hohai University Nanjing210098 China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai200092 China Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences Ministry of Ecology and Environment Nanjing210042 China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Urban Renewal and Spatial Optimization Technology Shanghai200092 China

Anaerobic fermentation of waste activated sludge (WAS) relies on intricate microbial networks, particularly the distribution and metabolic synergy between Gram-negative (GNB) and Gram-positive bacteria (GPB). However, the mechanisms governing their ecological interactions and the potential for optimizing their community structure remain poorly understood. This study reveals that selective antimicrobial pressure can strategically regulate GNB-GPB distribution to enhance volatile fatty acids (VFAs) production. Molecular docking analysis revealed distinct binding mechanisms: vancomycin (VCM) showed no spontaneous binding with extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) (binding energy: 22.5 kJ/mol), whereas metronidazole (MDZ) formed hydrogen bonds through C-OH and N=O groups (−4.5 kJ/mol). These distinct interactions resulted in divergent microbial community structures: VCM stress led to GNB-dominated communities (88–90 %), whereas MDZ reactors maintained balanced GNB-GPB ecosystems. Consequently, MDZ reactors achieved significantly higher VFA yields (1729–2311 mg COD/L) compared to VCM reactors (855–997 mg COD/L). Multi-omics analysis uncovered distinct metabolic roles: GNB dominated extracellular substrate hydrolysis (75.6–84.0 %), while GPB (predominantly Firmicutes) controlled amino acid metabolism (61.3 %). This metabolic division of labors between GNB and GPB creates efficient substrate-to-VFA conversion pathways. Meanwhile, under antimicrobial stress, GNB activated membrane repair pathways (gmr, solR: 7.5–49.3 fold increase), whereas GPB enhanced DNA repair (polC: 3946.9 % increase) and cell division (mtrA, mtrB: 71.5–1122.2 % increase). Both bacteria responded to antimicrobial stress by upregulating efflux systems (mdtA-D: 105.9–388.0 %;smeA/B: 1288.7–4325.7 %), effectively alleviating antibacterial stress. These findings provide new insights into microbial regulation strategies for optimizing WAS valorization through the functional domestication of GNB and GPB a

关键词： Listeria

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Revisiting the interplay between Comammox and Anammox: cooperative or competitive?

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Journal of Water Process Engineering 2025年 75卷

作者： Bian, Yihao Fu, Kunming He, Xun Li, Xiaodan Wang, Xinlin Zhang, Yongji State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Shanghai 200092 China Key Laboratory of Urban Storm Water System and Water Environment Ministry of Education Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture Beijing 100044 China

Complete ammonia oxidation (Comammox) has challenged the traditional two-step nitrification paradigm and reshaped the understanding of nitrogen removal in wastewater treatment. Anaerobic ammonia oxidation (Anammox) technology is considered as a suitable process for future wastewater treatment. However, the limited availability of substrates for Anammox has consistently hindered its broader application. The Comammox process has often been neglected in previous studies of Anammox. However, as far as the current study is concerned, Comammox may contribute to the advancement of wastewater treatment in the future with its wide distribution, strong environmental adaptability and low greenhouse-gas emissions. Recent studies have shown that Comammox may have the ability of nitrite leakage during ammonia oxidation, which provides a new pathway for substrate acquisition for the Anammox process. In this study, the relationship between Comammox and Anammox was elaborated based on their functions by comparing the distribution of both, as well as the similarity and specificity of the effects of different environmental factors on them. It was noted that the synergistic effects of Comammox and Anammox should be further explored. A possible strategy to achieve a fast nitrite supply by Comammox is proposed and the optimization of kinetic parameters is suggested. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Anammox Comammox N2O Nitrification Nitrite

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