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Exogenous Application of Hesperidin Ameliorates Chromium Toxicity in Wheat Irrigated with Tannery Wastewater

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2025年第3期94卷 929-951页

作者： Gohar Ayoub Shafaqat Ali Muhammad Arslan Ashraf Shoaib Ahmad Mohamed A.El-Sheikh Department of Environmental Sciences Government College University FaisalabadFaisalabad38000Pakistan Department of Biological Sciences and Technology China Medical UniversityTaichung40402Taiwan Department of Botany Government College University FaisalabadFaisalabad38000Pakistan Department of Plant Biotechnology College of Life SciencesKorea UniversitySeoul02841Republic of Korea State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the EnvironmentNanjing UniversityNanjing210023China Botany and Microbiology Department College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11451Saudi Arabia

Chromium (Cr), a persistent soil pollutant, has detrimental effects on plants and living things, and its contamination in soil increased as a result of human-induced activities. Pakistan suffers from a lack of fresh water supplies;hence most people use metal-containing water and wastewater to irrigate their crops. Exposure to Cr toxicity, the plant reduces their morphological and physiological growth which ultimately decreases crop productivity. The current study was designed to investigate the foliar application of hesperidin (HSP) at varying effluent rates (25, 50, 75, and 100 mg L^(−1)) on wheat growth under tannery wastewater irrigated soil. Cr toxicity caused a change in the concentration of chlorophyll molecules, indicating early signs of stress. Modifications in the ultrastructure of chloroplasts, the elevated activity of chlorophyllase, and the generation of reactive oxygen species were causing the reduction in chlorophyll. Cr stress disrupted total soluble protein concentrations and the activity of antioxidation-related enzymes and NRA, suggesting the onset of oxidative stress. On the other hand, the application of HSP reduced oxidative damage by improving protein concentration (37%), chlorophyll concentration (37%), and antioxidant enzyme activity such as CAT (65%), SOD (46%), and POD (68%). Furthermore, HSP raised the concentrations of non-enzymatic antioxidant molecules, which may indicate better redox homeostasis and stress tolerance. These molecules include GSH, GSSG, ascorbic acid, flavonoids, phenolics, and anthocyanins. HSP therapy lessened the impact of Cr stress on lipid peroxidation markers. HSP enhanced these measures during the investigation. Cr stress raised the concentrations of total free amino acids and nitrogen oxide and decreased the radical scavenging activity in wheat. Cr stress raised the concentration of all soluble sugars, primarily reducing and non-reducing sugars, whereas the application of HSP strengthened these osmo protectants e

关键词： Chlorophyll concenttration foliar application hesperidin heavy metal.oxidant SPAD stress wheat crop

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Carbon and air pollutant emission dynamics of small-scale industrial sectors based on CEMS: a case of tobacco curing industry

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Environmental pollution 2025年 376卷 126427页

作者： Chen, Sishuo Chen, Yi Jiang, Yonglei Li, Yiting Gu, Chen Ding, Ning Zhou, Weizhe Zhang, Lei Yu, Qian Zhao, Yu Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences Kunming650021 China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse and School of Environment Nanjing University Nanjing210023 China Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Jiangsu 210044 China

The continuous emission monitoring system (CEMS) has become an essential tool for providing high temporal resolution and dynamic pollutant emission data. However, there is a lack of application and validation of CEMS in small-scale industrial sectors using industrial furnaces with unstable emissions. Using tobacco curing industry as a case, we applied CEMS and field tests to monitor emission dynamics from tobacco curing barns of four typical fuels during tobacco curing season from July to September 2023. The results show that CEMS monitoring data is mostly consistent with field tests results, with average emission concentrations differ by 0.13–7.8 %. The CEMS provides complete records of periodic emission dynamics of CO2, SO2, NOX and CO. The emission concentrations of carbon and pollutants vary by up to 1-2 orders of magnitude, accompanied by complex variability. We further combined CEMS data with fuel consumption and dry weight of tobacco produced to generate emission factors. Notably, biomass fuel requires no modifications to feeding or combustion equipment and reduces pollutant emissions by over 50 % compared to coal, making it an ideal alternative. Our findings provide essential insights for estimating emissions of China's tobacco curing industry and for developing future policies of industrial furnaces. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Air quality

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Microstructure-Dependent Ion Selectivity in Graphene Oxide-Based Membranes

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ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces 2025年第22期17卷 2025 May 22页

作者： Ren, Jing Chen, Xinran Tong, Xin State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Tongji Advanced Membrane Technology Center School of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University 1239 Siping Road Shanghai200092 China

Graphene oxide (GO) membranes hold promise for precise separation due to their unique laminar structures and tunable separation properties. However, although water transport in GO membranes has been extensively investigated, the key mechanisms governing ion transport and selectivity remain poorly understood. In this work, we fabricated pristine and propylenediamine (PPD)/pentamethylenediamine (PTD)-cross-linked GO membranes via vacuum filtration and employed low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) to elucidate their nanoscale pore architectures, including pinholes and structural defects. Our results show that cross-linking leads to a more ordered arrangement of the nanochannels and reduces the dimensions of structural defects. Ion diffusion experiments demonstrated that the membrane microstructure plays a crucial role in determining the tortuosity of the ion transport pathways. Notably, large structural defects dominate ion transport;when present, ions tend to bypass the interlayer nanochannels, leading to reduced ion selectivity. In contrast, intrinsic pinholes are too small to significantly contribute to ion transport. Molecular dynamics simulations showed that interlayer spacing, ion properties, and interactions with the membrane jointly govern ion diffusion within the GO-based nanochannels. More importantly, the simulation results deviated from experimental observations, further implying the pivotal role of large structural defects in ion transport. These findings provide valuable guidelines for designing next-generation GO-based membranes with improved ion selectivity and performance for precise separation. © 2025 American Chemical Society.

关键词： Crosslinking

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Cost-Effective Mapping of Hyperlocal Air pollution Using Large-Scale Mobile Monitoring and Land-Use Machine Learning

ACS ES&T Air

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ACS ES&T Air 2025年第2期2卷 151-161页

作者： Tie Zheng Yifan Wen Sheng Xiang Pan Yang Xuan Zheng Yan You Shaojun Zhang Ye Wu School of Environment State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China；College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China Macao Environmental Research Institute Macau University of Science and Technology Macau 999078 China；National Observation and Research Station of Coastal Ecological Environments in Macao Macao Environmental Research Institute Macau University of Science and Technology Macao 999078 China School of Environment State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China；State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing 100084 China；Beijing Laboratory of Environmental Frontier Technologies Beijing 100084 China

The advent of large-scale mobile monitoring using fast-response instruments has enabled hyperlocal mapping (≤100 m) of traffic-related air pollution (TRAP), with important implications for air quality management. However, most related studies have been confined within small areas due to the high cost and labor intensity. This study pioneers a cost-effective TRAP mapping method by incorporating large-scale mobile monitoring and land-use machine learning (LUML). Here, over 4.6 million 1 Hz high-frequency measurements (∼1300 h) were collected on a part of major roadways in the Chinese megacity of Shenzhen. Unmeasured locations were estimated by LUML models to reduce measurement costs and labor intensity. Various ML algorithms and varying spatial aggregation segment lengths were incorporated to optimize the model performance. Hyperlocal maps of NO, NO2, and PM2.5were predicted across the entire road network covering over 1700 km2. Based on our results, LU-RF (random forest) for mapping NO and NO2and LU-GBM (Gradient Boosting Machine) for mapping PM2.5, demonstrated superior performance. Deep learning models, in contrast, did not yield comparable results. Finer partitioning of road segments (≤100 m) improved NO prediction performance, but worsened that for NO2and PM2.5. By deployment of optimal ML algorithms and segment lengths, the TRAP mapping accuracy increased by 20–80% compared to conventional land-use regression models. This study provides a promising and cost-effective approach to hyperlocal air pollution mapping and management in cities worldwide.

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Dissolved black carbon in full-scale drinking water treatment plants: Occurrence and contribution to disinfection byproducts formation and cytotoxicity

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Journal of Hazardous Materials 2025年 494卷 138638页

作者： Chen, Haoran Li, Jianwei Chen, Chuze Zhao, Xiating Yao, Zongcheng Wang, Yuting Li, Zhigang Xian, Qiming State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the Environment Nanjing University Nanjing210023 China School of Environment Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Hangzhou310024 China

Dissolved black carbon (DBC) is a crucial precursor to disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in the drinking water disinfection process. However, the understanding of the presence and transformation of DBC within drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) is still limited. This article systematically examined the presence and transport of DBC, in combination with the contribution to disinfection byproducts formation and cytotoxicity along the full-scale DWTPs. The results indicated that DBC concentrations varied from 70.0–199.4 μg/L in source water, 28.7–122.7 μg/L in sedimentation, 22.5–68.5 μg/L in carbon filter, 27.8–116.7 μg/L in sand filter and 7.2–23.0 μg/L in finished water. Sedimentation and disinfection processes resulted in higher DBC removal rates of 57 % and 71 % on average, respectively. DBC components with high aromaticity were predominantly removed during sedimentation, while DBC with low aromaticity was more likely to be removed during chlorination. DBC concentration had a significantly positive correlation with UV254 absorbance throughout the entire treatment process. Additionally, although DBC in the source water constituted only 1–10 % of the dissolved organic matter, DBC was estimated to contribute to 1–25 % of the DBP formation and 1–20 % of the cytotoxicity in the finished water. Hence, it is crucial to consider the possible risk of DBPs generated in the disinfection of DBC along the full-scale DWTPs. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Disinfection

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High-throughput screening of complexing agents and their enhanced mechanism for the non-saponification separation of nickel and cobalt

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Separation and Purification Technology 2025年 371卷

作者： Yuan, Ling Yang, Hailun Sun, Baogang Zhao, Yuehong Ning, Pengge Cao, Hongbin Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Science Beijing100190 China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the Environment Nanjing University Nanjing210023 China

Complexation-assisted solvent extraction is a green method for the separation and recovery of cobalt and nickel from ternary cathode leachates, because it can reduce the saline wastewater volume. Nevertheless, the identification of suitable complexing agents poses a significant challenge. To deploy complexation-assisted solvent separation technology, systematically screen and identify candidate complexation agents that can efficiently and selectively bind to Co2+ was conducted, thereby enhancing the differential coordination chemistry between Co2+ and Ni2+ ions. In this study, an innovative screening strategy integrating database utilization with mechanistic analysis was developed. Initially, we collected a database of complexes containing nickel or cobalt from the existing crystallography open database and generated a database of complexing agent molecules by deconstructing their chemical structures. The complexing agent database was established to facilitate the identification of dominant functional groups based on their physical and chemical properties. Correspondingly, the extraction process activity model was established by the analysis of their enhanced mechanism for nickel and cobalt separation. The results indicated that butyric acid was the more effective complexing agent, achieving a separation factor twice that of the Na-saponified counterpart and reducing NaOH consumption by 90 %. This strategy opens a new avenue for the identification of efficient complexing agents and is anticipated to be applicable to the screening of analogous organic/inorganic systems. © 2025

关键词： Solvent extraction

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Direct Nano-Imaging Reveals the Underestimated Role of Lanthanum Phosphate Formation in Phosphorus Sequestration by Lanthanum Carbonate

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Environmental Science and Technology 2025年第20期59卷 2025 May 12页

作者： Li, Yuhang Fu, Wanyi Wan, Yujie Yan, Xing Pan, Bingcai State Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Green Resource Recycling School of Environment Nanjing University Nanjing210023 China Nanjing University Nanjing210023 China

Lanthanum-based materials are recognized as highly effective adsorbents for advanced phosphorus removal, with a prevailing belief that acidic conditions promote phosphorus uptake via enhanced surface complexation. Herein, we demonstrate that lanthanum carbonate exhibits a 1.8-fold higher phosphate adsorption capacity at pH 7 (33.2 mg-P/g) compared to pH 4 (18.5 mg-P/g), attributed to the enhanced formation of LaPO4 nanocrystals. Leveraging in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM), we resolve real-time phosphorus sequestration dynamics, capturing LaPO4 nucleation within minutes, contradicting prior reports that LaPO4 formation is time-intensive. This discrepancy arises because conventional characterization techniques (e.g., X-ray diffraction) overlook transient amorphous LaPO4 intermediates due to insufficient sensitivity, whereas the nanoscale resolution of AFM directly tracks interfacial transformations. A dissolution-nucleation-growth mechanism was then proposed for the interfacial formation of LaPO4. This study revises the mechanistic framework for phosphorus removal and highlights the crucial role of LaPO4 formation in maximizing the utilization efficiency of lanthanum active sites for enhanced phosphate sequestration by La-based materials. © 2025 American Chemical Society.

关键词： Carbonation

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Molecular Insights into the Bioavailability and Transformation of Dissolved Organic Phosphorus and Nitrogen in a Wastewater Treatment Plant

SSRN

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Bai, Hongwei Tan, Wenbing Yuan, Ying Li, Dongyang Kang, Yike Liu, Qiao Cui, Dongyu State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of Environment Nanjing University Jiangsu Nanjing210023 China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing100012 China Beijing100083 China Nanjing University China

Dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) have high potential bioavailability, making them key factors in the water eutrophication process. For wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), one of the challenges in alleviating eutrophication in receiving waters is reducing levels of DOP and DON, which are harder to remove than inorganic phosphate and dissolved inorganic nitrogen. In this study, for the first time we simultaneously investigated the bioavailability and transformation of DOP and DON in a WWTP at the molecular level, via Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) and paired mass distance (PMD)-based network analysis. Results showed that the removal of DOP and DON in the biological treatment contributed 83.3% and 100.3%, respectively, to the total removal in the WWTP. Meanwhile, the double bond equivalence values of DOP and DON increased during the biological treatment but decreased during the advanced treatment, indicating that the biological treatment plays a dominant role in reducing the concentration and bioavailability of DOP and DON. PMD-based network analysis indicated that the variation in the bioavailability of DOP and DON in the biological treatment was primarily associated with the transformation from low unsaturation lipid- and protein-like species to highly unsaturated lignin-like species. Our findings enhance the understanding of the bioavailability and transformation of DOP and DON in WWTPs, which might shed light on more effective strategies for upgrading WWTPs to meet more stringent nutrient discharge limits in the future. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Eutrophication

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Treatment of high concentration phenol wastewater by low-frequency ultrasonic cavitation and long-term pilot scale study

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Chemosphere 2025年 370卷 143937页

作者： Sun, Haohao Li, Jie Zhang, Yunian Zhuang, Lu Zhou, Zhou Ren, Yanfang Xu, Xia He, Junyu Xue, Yingang School of Environmental Science and Engineering Changzhou University Jiangsu Changzhou213164 China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the Environment Nanjing University Jiangsu Nanjing China College of Urban Construction Changzhou University Jiangsu Changzhou213164 China

Acoustic cavitation is an advanced, eco-friendly oxidation technology effective in removing organic pollutants from water. However, research on its use for degrading phenol, a common and challenging phenolic pollutant, is limited. This study explores the optimal conditions for phenol degradation using acoustic cavitation and assesses its practical application through extensive pilot tests. Results from batch tests show that low-frequency (15 kHz) ultrasonic cavitation effectively treats high concentrations of phenol (1000 mg L−1). Aeration and acidic pH enhance removal efficiency, while alkaline conditions inhibit degradation. Analysis of total organic carbon (TOC), degradation products, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) reveals that the primary intermediates are substituted benzenes and alkanes. Long-term pilot tests demonstrated the device's effectiveness in phenol removal and its operational stability over 180 days. The study also establishes a relationship between removal efficiency, hydraulic retention time (HRT), and operating costs, highlighting the feasibility of low-frequency ultrasonic cavitation for treating high-concentration phenolic wastewater and its potential role in the pretreatment stage of biochemical processes. © 2024

关键词： Wastewater treatment

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How small is big enough? Big data-driven machine learning predictions for a full-scale wastewater treatment plant

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Water Research 2025年 274卷 123041页

作者： Ma, Yanyan Qiao, Yiheng Chen, Mengxue Rui, Dongni Zhang, Xuxiang Liu, Weijing Ye, Lin State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of Environment Nanjing University Nanjing210023 China Nanjing Gaoke Environmental Technology Co. Ltd. Nanjing210038 China Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Engineering Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Science Nanjing210036 China

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) generate vast amounts of water quality, operational, and biological data. The potential of these big data, particularly through machine learning (ML), to improve WWTP management is increasingly recognized. However, the costs associated with data collection and processing can rise sharply as datasets grow larger, and research on determining the optimal data volume for effective ML application remains limited. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed water quality, operational, and biological data collected from a full-scale WWTP over 970 days. Our results demonstrate that ML models can predict not only operational and water quality parameters (concentrations of dissolved oxygen and effluent chemical oxygen demand) but also the abundances of functional bacteria. Notably, we discovered that increasing data volume does not always improve model performance, and that data collection intervals do not need to be excessively small, as moderate intervals can still yield reliable predictions. These findings suggest that excessively large datasets may not be necessary for effective ML predictions in WWTPs. Overall, this study underscores the importance of optimizing dataset size to balance computation efficiency and prediction accuracy, providing valuable insights into data management strategies that can enhance the operational efficiency and sustainability of WWTPs. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Data accuracy

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