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Biodegradation of pharmaceutical contaminants in wastewater using microbial consortia: Mechanisms, applications, and challenges

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Journal of Environmental Management 2025年 384卷 125564页

作者： Sesay, Fatmata Sesay, Richard Edmond Victor Kamara, Musa Li, Xuesong Niu, Chengxin State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Tongji University Shanghai200092 China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai200092 China UNEP-Tongji Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development Tongji University Shanghai200092 China

Pharmaceuticals, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and antibiotics, have been increasingly detected in wastewater and pose substantial ecological and public health concerns due to their persistence and bioactivity. Conventional treatment processes are often insufficient for their complete removal, highlighting the need for advanced bioremediation strategies. This review critically examines the mechanisms, applications, and challenges of microbial consortia for pharmaceutical biodegradation. It emphasizes their synergistic metabolic pathways, such as cross-feeding, co-metabolism, and enzymatic cascades, that enable efficient degradation of complex contaminants. Recent advancements, such as membrane bioreactors, bioaugmentation with genetically engineered consortia, and integrated systems coupling microbial processes with advanced oxidation processes, are reviewed for their potential to enhance treatment efficacy, scalability, and sustainability. Comparative analysis underscores microbial consortia's superiority over single-strain systems and adsorption techniques in treating complex contaminant mixtures, achieving up to 100 % removal efficiency for specific compounds. Persistent challenges include microbial community instability, the toxicity of transformation products, and regulatory constraints related to genetically modified organisms. Strategic solutions are proposed, such as pilot-scale implementation of tailored consortia, Internet of things (IoT)-enabled real-time monitoring, and circular economy approaches for resource recovery. By addressing these challenges, microbial consortia-based biodegradation emerges as a transformative solution for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment, aligning with global sustainability goals. This review provides actionable insights for optimizing bioremediation frameworks, informing policy, and advancing research in environmental microbiology and wastewater engineering. © 2025

关键词： Sustainable development

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Non-synergistic effect of marginal distribution and dependence structure of extremes triggering the future risk of compound dry-hot events in Yellow River, China

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Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment 2025年 1-14页

作者： Xu, Pengcheng Zhu, Tong Wang, Dong Wang, Yuankun Singh, Vijay P. Lu, Miao Fu, Xiaolei College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering Yangzhou University Yangzhou China Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry Ministry of Education Department of Hydrosciences School of Earth Sciences and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Nanjing University Nanjing China School of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering North China Electric Power University Beijing China Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering Zachry Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Texas A & M University College StationTX77843 United States National Water and Energy Center UAE University Al Ain United Arab Emirates National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute Nanjing China

Compound dry-hot extremes (CDH) cause devastating socio-economic impacts on society and ecosystems. Univariate risk assessment might not catch the potential impacts of CDH. Considering the negative correlation of average summer temperature and precipitation, this study developed two kinds of copula-based likelihood multiplication index, such as the whole likelihood multiplication index () and the second likelihood multiplication index (), to enumerate the attribution and projection of compound dry-hot events in Yellow River Basin (YRB) of China. Observed datasets show that the areas influenced by the CDH within YRB are increasing, and the most-extreme CDH event was observed several decades ago. Comparison of natural-only and all forcing-based CMIP6 data show that anthropogenic factors are causing the increasing trend of affected areas. Results of analysis showed that changes in the risk of CDH events could depend on not only the temporal variation of the marginal distribution but also the change in the dependence structure between variables. By comparing the difference between and, all grid-based areas in YRB were classified into five cases of combined effects which would help identify the synergistic and non-synergistic contribution of variations in marginal distribution and dependence structure of variables on risk of CDH events. Under Shared Socioeconomic Pathways scenarios (SSPs), the likelihood of concurrent dry-hot extremes is expected to increase in more than half of YRB while small parts of YRB would also experience decreasing likelihood of CDH events with 38.2% of grids under SSP1-2.6, 37.4% under SSP3-7.0 and 36.9% under SSP5-8.5 belonging to case 3 and 6. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Risk assessment

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Dual Role of Trace Bioavailable Co-Substrate in the Intimately Coupled Photocatalysis and Biodegradation (Icpb) System: Enhancing Refractory Organics Mineralization and Nitrate Removal

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Hu, Feng Zhang, Wencan Chen, Peipei Yuan, Zhanzhan Ye, Jianfeng Xu, Zuxin State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai200092 China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment Tongji University Shanghai200092 China

Nitrate poses a serious threat to water quality and human health through eutrophication and methemoglobinemia. Conventional biological denitrification is limited in complex wastewater matrices due to the inhibitory effects and low bioavailability of refractory organic pollutants. The Intimately Coupled Photocatalysis and Biodegradation (ICPB) system transforms these recalcitrant compounds into bioavailable electron donors, enabling the simultaneous removal of nitrate and refractory organics. However, when refractory organics serve as the sole carbon source, an imbalance in the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio can lead to pollutant buildup. This study shows that adding a small dose of glucose (50 mg/L COD) to the ICPB system enhances performance by increasing organic mineralization from 53% to 81% and total nitrate and nitrite removal from 40% to 93%. Glucose supplementation improves microbial activity and community composition, optimizing intermediate metabolism and preventing toxic byproduct accumulation without altering pollutant transformation pathways. Metagenomic analysis further indicates that upregulation of the riboflavin biosynthesis pathway enhances electron transfer, thereby boosting system efficiency. Overall, this strategy offers a simple yet effective means to optimize the synergistic removal of refractory organics and nitrate in wastewater treatment. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Glucose

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Comparison of PAH mass emissions and their toxicity-weighted trends in China, 2000–2022

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Science of the Total Environment 2025年 981卷 179562页

作者： Wang, Weiwei Hu, Laigang Chen, Lu Miao, Xiaozeng Wu, Wenhao Shi, Zhou Lin, Daohui Yang, Kun State Key Laboratory of Soil Pollution Control and Safety Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Ecological Health of Ministry of Education College of Environmental and Resource Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou310058 China Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control Zhejiang University-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Hangzhou311200 China

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emissions are often used as direct evidence for subsequent environmental monitoring, governance, and policy-making. However, the toxicity among individual PAH varies significantly, causing their toxicity-based risk to be overlooked. The analysis revealed that total PAH emissions (EΣPAHs) has peaked in 2007 (i.e., 1.1 × 105 t), then declined to 2022 (i.e., 7.4 × 104 t) in China. However, the toxicity-weighted PAH emissions (EΣTEQ) has not decreased, because the emissions of high molecular weight PAH (EΣHPAHs) with high toxicity has not decreased, although the emissions of low molecular weight PAH (EΣLPAHs) with low toxicity has decreased significantly. It was verified that the trend of variation in PAH emissions is comprehensively determined by the decrease in biomass and increase in fossil fuel consumption. The decline in EΣLPAHs from biomass burning exceeded emission increases attributable to fossil fuel combustion, driving an overall reduction in total LPAHs post-2007 of China. In contrast, EΣHPAHs exhibited temporal variability after 2007, as emission reductions from biomass burning were offset by comparable increases from fossil fuel. Despite efforts to reduce emissions of conventional atmospheric pollutants, EΣTEQ have not decreased due to the rising fossil fuel consumption and limited pollution control efficiency on EΣHPAHs. The findings addressed the gap between PAH mass emissions and their toxicity-weighted trends, which enabled us to pay attention to the variation of EΣTEQ for accurate risk management to any region with shifting PAH source profiles. Moreover, emphasis should be placed on transitioning fossil fuel consumption to clean energy and implementing effective measures to reduce EΣHPAHs in flue gas, such as adsorption and degradation. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Emission control

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A Data-Driven Analysis to Identify Research Hotspots and Trends in the Treatment of Algal Toxins in Water Environment

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Current pollution Reports 2025年第1期11卷 1-16页

作者： Xue, Zhao Jin, Lili Zhang, Longhao Lu, Junjie Zuo, Naiyuan Sun, Xiangzhou Huang, Hui Ren, Hongqiang State Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Green Resource Recycling School of the Environment Nanjing University N.O.163 Jiangsu Xianlin Avenue Qixia District Nanjing 210023 China Institute for the Environment and Health Nanjing University Suzhou Campus Jiangsu Suzhou 215163 China

Purpose of Review: Over the past 2 decades, due to eutrophication and other factors, algal toxins in water bodies have become increasingly prevalent, posing a significant threat to aquatic ecosystems and human health. The complex properties of algal toxins and the potential environmental risks they pose urgently demand comprehensive research and effective solutions. Recent Findings: Currently, the methods to address this issue mainly cover physical, chemical, and biological means. Oxidation, photocatalysis, and adsorption have emerged as the primary techniques. However, each has its own advantages and disadvantages in terms of removal efficiency, cost, and environmental impact. Previous studies were mostly small-scale laboratory explorations and failed to analyze the overall research trends of algal toxins from a macroscopic perspective. This study, by employing bibliometrics and patent analysis methods, comprehensively examines the research status and development trends of treating algal toxins in water. Summary: This study carried out a data-driven analysis of 3354 papers and 380 patents from the Web of Science Core Collection and Derwent Innovation Index databases up until 2023. The keyword co-occurrence network analysis and technology classification jointly revealed the main knowledge structure of algal toxin research, which is formed and interconnected by contaminants, treatment processes, toxicity, and degradation characteristics. Moreover, current research indicates that oxidation, photocatalysis, and adsorption are the main removal methods. Further exploration found that hot areas include the low-carbon degradation of algal toxins in eutrophic waters. In recent years, cylindrospermopsin and nodularin have become hot pollutants in algal toxin treatment. Currently, the research focuses more on the removal mechanism of algal toxins and the risk assessment under the exposure to cylindrospermopsin and nodularin. This study also summarizes the removal efficiencies

关键词： Algae toxins Bibliometrics Microcystins Patent analysis Removal

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Organic sulfur-driven denitrification pretreatment for enhancing autotrophic nitrogen removals from thiourea-containing wastewater: performance and microbial mechanisms

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Water Research 2025年 282卷 123753页

作者： Zhu, Jiheng Li, Xiang Wang, Yayi Gu, Xin Wang, Han Ma, Jun Huang, Yong School of Environmental Science and Engineering Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou215009 China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Siping Road Shanghai200092 China State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150090 China

Thiourea (CH4N2S) is a widely used industrial reagent and is frequently detected in both sewage and industrial wastewater. However, treating thiourea-containing wastewater remains challenging due to its toxicity, high ammonium concentration, and low C/N ratio. In this study, a novel integrated autotrophic-heterotrophic denitrification (IAHD)- completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process was developed. The degradation pathway of toxic compounds, nitrogen, and sulfur release and transformation, as well as variations in functional genes were comprehensively examined. The results show that by incorporating an IAHD unit, prior to CANON, toxic thiourea was effectively degraded by the recycled nitrate from CANON. The released sulfur and organic carbon served as electron donors facilitating efficient NO3--N reduction. The optimal thiourea/NO3--N ratio for IAHD operation was determined to be 4:1 (m:m), achieving NO3- and thiourea removal efficiencies of 90 % and 99 %, respectively. Additionally, NH4+-N and SO42--S concentrations increased by 199.9 mg/L and 201.9 mg/L, respectively. Approximately 53.3 % of thiourea was converted into high-molecular-weight biological metabolites in the IAHD unit, which were subsequently and completely degraded in the CANON unit, where a robust nitrite-shunt and anammox process occurred. 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing revealed that Thiobacillus (with a relative abundance of 39.9 %) was the dominant genera in the IAHD unit, followed by Arenimonas (10.8 %) and norank_o_1013-28-CG33 (12.4 %), indicating that sulfur autotrophic denitrification was the primary pathway for thiourea degradation. Metagenomic analysis further confirmed that thiourea, acting as an electron donor, stimulated the expression of key functional genes involved in denitrification, sulfur oxidation, dissimilatory nitrate reduction, hydrolytic oxidation, and amino acid synthesis and transport pathways. These processes contributed to the active biological tra

关键词： Metabolites

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Root exudate-driven rhizospheric recruitment of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria

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Pedosphere 2025年第1期35卷 216-228页

作者： Hua LIN Caixing LAI Guo YU Geoffrey ISUNAHARA Liheng LIU Habib ULLAH Jie LIU College of Environmental Science and Engineering Guilin University of TechnologyGuilin 541004China Center for Water and Ecology State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution ControlSchool of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Natural Resource Sciences McGill UniversityMontreal H3A 0G4Canada Department of Environmental Science Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China

To promote growth,terrestrial plants release photosynthetic products into the rhizosphere in the form of root exudates through their root *** the attraction of root exudates,plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR)colonize the rhizosphere to stimulate plant growth and/or suppress the growth of pathogenic *** rhizospheric recruitment of PGPR,as well as the establishment of root-microbe interactions,is initiated by chemotaxis towards root *** the past several decades,scientists have made notable strides in identifying representative chemoeffectors in root exudates,as well as the corresponding *** review here the most recent developments in rhizospheric chemotaxis,particularly the chemoeffectors in root exudates,the structural and functional characterization of methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins of PGPR,and the impacts of rhizospheric chemotaxis on root colonization,biofilm formation,and other root-microbe interactions during ***,we propose several perspectives that aim to fully unlock the potential of PGPR as bioinoculants in sustainable agriculture.

关键词： biofilm formation chemoattractant chemoeffector methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins rhizospheric colonization

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A Globally Distributed Cyanobacterial Nitroreductase Capable of Conferring Biodegradation of Chloramphenicol

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Research 2025年 8卷 0692页

作者： Zhong, Qiu-Lian Xiong, Jiu-Qiang College of Marine Life Sciences Ocean University of China Shandong Qingdao China Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Anhui Jianzhu University Hefei230601 China

Cyanobacteria play pivotal roles in global biogeochemical cycles and aquatic ecosystems due to their widespread distribution and significant contributions to primary production. Yet, the interactions between cyanobacteria and antibiotics remain unclear. This study revealed that Synechocystis sp., a cyanobacterial species, removed 94.27% of 0.1 mg l−1 chloramphenicol (CAP) through enzyme-mediated degradation. While cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP450s) were found unnecessary for CAP removal, a gene encoding cyanobacterial nitroreductase was significantly up-regulated (7.85-fold) under CAP exposure. The purified nitroreductase exhibited strong binding affinity to CAP (Kd = 2.9 nM) and a Michaelis constant (Km) of 104.0 μM. By engineering a bacterial strain with nitroreductase, 94.43% of 0.1 mg l−1 CAP was removed within 2 h. Metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analyses showed that nitroreductase genes and transcripts are globally distributed across diverse microbial phyla. These findings uncover a novel enzyme for CAP degradation and advance sustainable biotechnologies to mitigate antibiotic pollution, addressing critical environmental challenges in aquaculture and other industries globally. Copyright © 2025 Qiu-Lian Zhong and Jiu-Qiang Xiong.

关键词： Aquatic ecosystems

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Effects and mechanisms of heavy metal ions on microbial enzymes in anaerobic digestion

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Environmental Technology Reviews 2025年第1期14卷 488-498页

作者： Li, Wei-Hua Chen, Zhi-Hao Huang, Meng-Zhen Xu, Jia-Jia Xue, Tong-Zhan School of Environmental and Energy Engineering Anhui Jianzhu University Hefei China School of Architectural Engineering Tongling University Tongling China Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Hefei China

Microbial enzymes are the main functional enzymes responsible for the decomposition of organic matter with complex structural features and play a crucial role in anaerobic digestion. The effects of heavy metal ions on microbial enzymes varied significantly depending on the species, concentrations and modes of action. The study not only provides a nuanced understanding of effects of heavy metal ions on microbial enzymes, but also demonstrates the influence of their mechanism of action. To gain a better understanding of the impact of heavy metal ions on microbial enzymes, valuable insights can be obtained for enhancing the anaerobic digestion of high-load organic wastewater. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the regulation methods of heavy metals and their effects on the anaerobic digestion. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the regulation methods of heavy metals and their effects on the anaerobic digestion, further analysed the toxicity of microorganisms in the process of anaerobic digestion, and revealed the mechanism of the effects of heavy metal ions on microbial enzymes in the anaerobic digestion. Finally, the effects of different concentrations and types of heavy metal ions on mircobial enzymes were prospected. This study not only provides a theoretical basis for further research but also offers novel ideas for future studies. © 2025 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

关键词： Enzyme activity

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Climate change projections for Diamer Division in lesser Himalayas using multi-global climate model ensemble

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Environmental Science and pollution Research 2025年第3期32卷 1668-1680页

作者： Ahmad, Didar Faridullah, Faridullah Irshad, Muhammad Bacha, Aziz Ur Rahim Hafeez, Farhan Iqbal, Akhtar Ullah, Zahid Afridi, Muhammad Naveed Alrefaei, Abdulwahed Fahad Nazir, Rashid Department of Environmental Sciences COMSATS University Islamabad Abbottabad Campus Abbottabad22060 Pakistan State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control School of Eco-Environment Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Shenzhen518055 China Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Fudan University Shanghai200433 China State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology School of Environmental Studies China University of Geosciences Wuhan430074 China Department of Zoology College of Science King Saud University P.O. Box 2455 Riyadh11451 Saudi Arabia

Pakistan, like many other regions around the world, is experiencing the impacts of climate change, particularly in its northern region. These changes have adverse impacts on ecosystems and biodiversity. Herein, we have investigated future projections of temperature and precipitation trends for three periods historical (HT = 1975–2005), near-term (NT = 2010–2029), and mid-term (MT = 2030–2050) using climate model intercomparison projects along with global climate models (GCMs) including RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. The historical records spanning from 1975 to 2005 reveal that the Chilas region has a notable rise of 8 °C in maximum temperature (Tmax), whereas the Astore district exhibited a trend of decreasing temperatures. When examining the projected temperature trends using GCMs (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5), the Chilas region is predicted to undergo a further increase of 6 °C in Tmax. In contrast, the Babusar region is projected to observe a significant decrease of 2 °C for the period between 2010 and 2050. Additionally, the precipitation results obtained from historical-based analysis for the period 1975 to 2005 indicated that the Babusar area exhibited increased precipitation patterns to 20 mm on an annual basis. Similarly, the Astore region has the most significant decline in precipitation, with a reduction of 40 mm annually. The predicted precipitation patterns for the period between 2010 and 2050 under the RCP8.5 revealed that the Babusar region has maximum precipitation (25 mm). Conversely, the Astore region exhibited reduced precipitation patterns, recording minimum precipitation (40 mm). In the results from RCP4.5, the precipitation showed a similar pattern with a maximum of 35 mm and a minimum of 15 mm in the Babusar and Astore, respectively. The region’s glaciers, snow cover, and land use systems are deteriorated by these changes in temperature and precipitation patterns. The increased winter and decreased summer precipitation under varied temperatures and precipitation cau

关键词： Miocene

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