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Exogenous Application of Hesperidin Ameliorates Chromium Toxicity in Wheat Irrigated with Tannery Wastewater

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2025年第3期94卷 929-951页

作者： Gohar Ayoub Shafaqat Ali Muhammad Arslan Ashraf Shoaib Ahmad Mohamed A.El-Sheikh Department of Environmental Sciences Government College University FaisalabadFaisalabad38000Pakistan Department of Biological Sciences and Technology China Medical UniversityTaichung40402Taiwan Department of Botany Government College University FaisalabadFaisalabad38000Pakistan Department of Plant Biotechnology College of Life SciencesKorea UniversitySeoul02841Republic of Korea State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the EnvironmentNanjing UniversityNanjing210023China Botany and Microbiology Department College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11451Saudi Arabia

Chromium (Cr), a persistent soil pollutant, has detrimental effects on plants and living things, and its contamination in soil increased as a result of human-induced activities. Pakistan suffers from a lack of fresh water supplies;hence most people use metal-containing water and wastewater to irrigate their crops. Exposure to Cr toxicity, the plant reduces their morphological and physiological growth which ultimately decreases crop productivity. The current study was designed to investigate the foliar application of hesperidin (HSP) at varying effluent rates (25, 50, 75, and 100 mg L^(−1)) on wheat growth under tannery wastewater irrigated soil. Cr toxicity caused a change in the concentration of chlorophyll molecules, indicating early signs of stress. Modifications in the ultrastructure of chloroplasts, the elevated activity of chlorophyllase, and the generation of reactive oxygen species were causing the reduction in chlorophyll. Cr stress disrupted total soluble protein concentrations and the activity of antioxidation-related enzymes and NRA, suggesting the onset of oxidative stress. On the other hand, the application of HSP reduced oxidative damage by improving protein concentration (37%), chlorophyll concentration (37%), and antioxidant enzyme activity such as CAT (65%), SOD (46%), and POD (68%). Furthermore, HSP raised the concentrations of non-enzymatic antioxidant molecules, which may indicate better redox homeostasis and stress tolerance. These molecules include GSH, GSSG, ascorbic acid, flavonoids, phenolics, and anthocyanins. HSP therapy lessened the impact of Cr stress on lipid peroxidation markers. HSP enhanced these measures during the investigation. Cr stress raised the concentrations of total free amino acids and nitrogen oxide and decreased the radical scavenging activity in wheat. Cr stress raised the concentration of all soluble sugars, primarily reducing and non-reducing sugars, whereas the application of HSP strengthened these osmo protectants e

关键词： Chlorophyll concenttration foliar application hesperidin heavy metal.oxidant SPAD stress wheat crop

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Carbon and air pollutant emission dynamics of small-scale industrial sectors based on CEMS: a case of tobacco curing industry

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Environmental pollution 2025年 376卷 126427页

作者： Chen, Sishuo Chen, Yi Jiang, Yonglei Li, Yiting Gu, Chen Ding, Ning Zhou, Weizhe Zhang, Lei Yu, Qian Zhao, Yu Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences Kunming650021 China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse and School of Environment Nanjing University Nanjing210023 China Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Jiangsu 210044 China

The continuous emission monitoring system (CEMS) has become an essential tool for providing high temporal resolution and dynamic pollutant emission data. However, there is a lack of application and validation of CEMS in small-scale industrial sectors using industrial furnaces with unstable emissions. Using tobacco curing industry as a case, we applied CEMS and field tests to monitor emission dynamics from tobacco curing barns of four typical fuels during tobacco curing season from July to September 2023. The results show that CEMS monitoring data is mostly consistent with field tests results, with average emission concentrations differ by 0.13–7.8 %. The CEMS provides complete records of periodic emission dynamics of CO2, SO2, NOX and CO. The emission concentrations of carbon and pollutants vary by up to 1-2 orders of magnitude, accompanied by complex variability. We further combined CEMS data with fuel consumption and dry weight of tobacco produced to generate emission factors. Notably, biomass fuel requires no modifications to feeding or combustion equipment and reduces pollutant emissions by over 50 % compared to coal, making it an ideal alternative. Our findings provide essential insights for estimating emissions of China's tobacco curing industry and for developing future policies of industrial furnaces. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Air quality

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Development of Novel Multiplex Detection Platforms Based on Multiepitope Nanobody Pairs for Rapid Screening of Waterborne Pathogens

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Analytical Chemistry 2025年 2025 May 16页

作者： Hu, Wenjin Wen, Hongmiao Wang, Xiaolong Yuan, Qingbin Mao, Daqing Luo, Yi State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the Environment Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China School of Medicine Nankai University Tianjin 300350 China

The rapid and multiplexed detection of waterborne viruses is crucial for infection prevention. However, current methods are limited by low-quality probes, instrument dependency, and time-consuming procedures. In this study, we developed a high-performance, nanobody pair-based, multichannel homogeneous platform for the simultaneous and rapid detection of three viruses─SARS-CoV-2, norovirus, and influenza A virus─in aquatic environments. To identify robust and sensitive multiepitope nanobody pairs for these viruses, we utilized pressure-assisted screening and docking techniques. For multichannel detection, we synthesized three distinct SiO₂@TQD types with unique excitation wavelengths, each acting as an independent signal label. By integrating these multichannel antibody arrays and signal labels into a unified platform, we developed a homogeneous sensor capable of detecting all three viruses within 30 min. The system demonstrated detection limits of as low as 1.56 pg/mL for the SARS-CoV-2 antigen, 0.1 pg/mL for the norovirus antigen, and 0.39 pg/mL for the influenza A virus antigen, surpassing conventional antigen detection kits with a sensitivity enhancement of 160.26-6.25 × 10⁴-fold. Notable advantages include exceptional specificity, accuracy, and stability. This work not only provides a transformative solution for monitoring waterborne pathogens but also establishes a versatile framework for developing multichannel detection platforms for other infectious agents. © 2025 American Chemical Society.

关键词： Coronavirus

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Hierarchical activation of resistance genes under tetracyclines selective pressure in complex microbial community

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Journal of Hazardous Materials 2025年 493卷 138399页

作者： Tang, Huiming Liu, Zishu Hu, Baolan Zhu, Lizhong College of Environmental and Resource Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou310058 China Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control Zhejiang University Hangzhou310058 China State Key Laboratory of Soil Pollution Control and Safety Zhejiang University Hangzhou310058 China

The pervasive use of antibiotics exerts selective pressure in both natural and anthropogenic environments, driving the propagation and evolution of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in microbial communities. Understanding the succession of resistome under varying antibiotic stresses is crucial for mitigating the spread of ARGs. This study investigates the succession of resistome under exposure to four structurally different tetracyclines (TC) across concentrations ranging from environmental to clinical levels. A clear hierarchical activation of ARGs was observed, starting with the upregulation of multidrug and TC-specific efflux pump genes, followed by those involved in TC inactivation and ribosomal protection. By identifying the specific thresholds of transcriptional onset times and critical TC concentration ranges that triggered ARG abundance increases, it was found that all ARGs as a whole did not significantly increase when TC concentrations were maintained below 10−5 of the initial minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC0) within 2 h. Similarly, high-risk TC resistance genes do not proliferate when TC concentrations were kept below 10−3 × MIC0 within 24 h. These findings provide quantifiable benchmarks for concentration-time thresholds that can inform the establishment of environmental discharge limits and guide the implementation of targeted treatment technologies to mitigate ARG dissemination. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Anthropogenic

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Nonradical degradation of phosphonates to orthophosphate via surface-activated peroxides on carbon nanotubes

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Separation and Purification Technology 2025年 370卷

作者： Yang, Shuai Zhang, Lin Sun, Yibing Yang, Zhichao Li, Hongchao School of Environmental and Biological Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing210094 China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of Environment Nanjing University Nanjing210023 China Nanjing University Nanjing210023 China

The cleavage of the C-P bonds is essential for the removal and recovery of phosphorus from phosphonate-contaminated wastewaters. This study investigates the feasibility of utilizing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to activate peroxides (e.g., peroxymonosulfate (PMS)) for degradation of phosphonates. With the exception of aminomethylphosphonic acid and 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid, the investigated phosphonates are effectively degraded to orthophosphate (ortho-P), achieving conversion efficiencies ranging from 48.5% to 78.1% at a molar ratio of PMS to C-P bonds of 4:1. Taking aminotris(methylenephosphonic acid) (ATMP) as a model substrate, we deduce that the surface-activated PMS (CNTs-PMS*) serves as the primary reactive species, leading to C-P bonds cleavage predominantly through effective collision rather than the electron transfer process. Furthermore, the CNTs/PMS system maintains high performance over a wide pH range from 3.0 to 9.0 and in the presence of diverse inorganic ions, though its activity is reduced by natural organic matters. The practicality of the CNTs/PMS system in real water environments is also verified. The insights gained from this study are expected to significantly advance wastewater decontamination from phosphonates and enhance our cognition regarding the nonradical mechanism of peroxide activation by carbon-based materials. © 2025

关键词： Wastewater reclamation

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Enhanced oxidation of Cr(III) with the mineral transformation of CrxFe1-x(OH)3 in the presence of Mn(II): overlooked process during the reoccurrence of Cr(VI) in reduced chromite ore processing residue

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Environmental pollution 2025年 375卷 126327页

作者： Xie, Shenhao Yang, Kunpeng Zhang, Shuai Chen, Jie Zhao, Jiating Zhu, Lizhong State Key Laboratory of Soil Pollution Control and Safety Zhejiang University Zhejiang Hangzhou310058 China College of Environmental and Resource Sciences Zhejiang University Zhejiang Hangzhou310058 China Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control Zhejiang Hangzhou310058 China

The reoccurrence of Cr(VI) in reduced chromium ore processing residue (rCOPR) causes secondary pollution after remediation, with Mn(II)-induced catalytic oxidation identified as one of its key contributors. The mineral transformation of Cr-Fe coprecipitate (CrxFe1-x(OH)3, dominant phase in rCOPR) tends to form goethite along with Cr(III) in alkaline environments. However, the effect of this critical process on Cr(VI) reoccurrence remains unknown and requires further investigation. Our results showed that after the mineral transformation, approximately 10 times higher concentration of Cr(VI) (2261.67 ± 108.13 μg L−1) produced within 24 h than pre-transformation levels (212.92 ± 22.71 μg L−1). Mn (oxyhydr)oxides (MnOxs) produced from Mn(II) oxidation served as the direct oxidant of Cr(III). The alteration in Cr(VI) generation kinetics after the mineral transformation indicated distinct speciation patterns and interactions of Cr(III) and MnOxs in this process. Three predominant crystalline phases in MnOxs, hausmannite (Mn3O4), feitknechtite (β-MnOOH), and manganite (γ-MnOOH) were identified through XPS, XRD, SEM and TEM-EDS. Theoretical calculations revealed the hierarchical adsorption ability for Cr(III): ferrihydrite (−9.69 eV) > MnOxs (−9.50, −9.30 eV) > goethite (−9.27 eV). The synergistic interplay between MnOxs’ oxidation capacity and Cr(III) accessibility governed the release of Cr(VI). Our findings elucidated the kinetic process and underlying mechanisms of Cr(VI) generation induced by Mn(II) oxidation with the mineral transformation of Cr-Fe coprecipitate in Cr contaminated environments. These new insights support pollution control of Cr(VI) reoccurrence in rCOPR and may guide future research on promoting the long-term stability and safety of rCOPR. © 2025

关键词： Ore reduction

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Microstructure-Dependent Ion Selectivity in Graphene Oxide-Based Membranes

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ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces 2025年 2025 May 22页

作者： Ren, Jing Chen, Xinran Tong, Xin State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Tongji Advanced Membrane Technology Center School of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University 1239 Siping Road Shanghai 200092 China

Graphene oxide (GO) membranes hold promise for precise separation due to their unique laminar structures and tunable separation properties. However, although water transport in GO membranes has been extensively investigated, the key mechanisms governing ion transport and selectivity remain poorly understood. In this work, we fabricated pristine and propylenediamine (PPD)/pentamethylenediamine (PTD)-cross-linked GO membranes via vacuum filtration and employed low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) to elucidate their nanoscale pore architectures, including pinholes and structural defects. Our results show that cross-linking leads to a more ordered arrangement of the nanochannels and reduces the dimensions of structural defects. Ion diffusion experiments demonstrated that the membrane microstructure plays a crucial role in determining the tortuosity of the ion transport pathways. Notably, large structural defects dominate ion transport;when present, ions tend to bypass the interlayer nanochannels, leading to reduced ion selectivity. In contrast, intrinsic pinholes are too small to significantly contribute to ion transport. Molecular dynamics simulations showed that interlayer spacing, ion properties, and interactions with the membrane jointly govern ion diffusion within the GO-based nanochannels. More importantly, the simulation results deviated from experimental observations, further implying the pivotal role of large structural defects in ion transport. These findings provide valuable guidelines for designing next-generation GO-based membranes with improved ion selectivity and performance for precise separation. © 2025 American Chemical Society.

关键词： defects graphene oxide membrane ion selectivity microstructure tortuosity

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Enhancing simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal from municipal wastewater using micron zeolite powder carrier and hydrocyclone separator: Microbial distribution and correlation analysis

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Bioresource Technology 2025年 431卷 132598页

作者： Wang, Hong Liu, Shiyu Li, Yanzeng Li, Xinyu Li, Lei Yuan, Shijie Dai, Xiaohu State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University 1239 Siping Road Shanghai200092 China School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore639798 Singapore

This study developed a novel wastewater treatment process for efficient nitrogen and phosphorus removal using micron zeolite powder carriers and hydrocyclone separator. Under anaerobic/intermittent aeration, the total nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiencies reached 85.2 ± 1.9 % and 78.9 ± 3.4 %, respectively, significantly outperforming conventional activated sludge system. High specific surface area and porosity of zeolite powder facilitated microbial aggregation and biofilm formation, resulting in an average sludge size of 125.3 ± 5.3 μm. The combination of powder carriers and hydrocyclone separators resulted in the differentiated distribution of functional microorganisms. Denitrifying bacteria, such as norank_Comamonadaceae (4.34 %), norank_AKYH767 (1.90 %), and Candidatus_Microthrix (2.61 %), were enriched in biofilm, while nitrifying bacteria and polyphosphate-accumulating organisms predominated in floc. Functional gene abundance related to denitrification and phosphorus removal was significantly upregulated. Correlation network analysis revealed enhanced microbial cooperation, improving the functionality and stability of community. This study offers the potential pathway for efficient nitrogen and phosphorus removal from municipal wastewater. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Biofilms

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Cost-Effective Mapping of Hyperlocal Air pollution Using Large-Scale Mobile Monitoring and Land-Use Machine Learning

ACS ES&T Air

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ACS ES&T Air 2025年第2期2卷 151-161页

作者： Tie Zheng Yifan Wen Sheng Xiang Pan Yang Xuan Zheng Yan You Shaojun Zhang Ye Wu School of Environment State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China；College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China Macao Environmental Research Institute Macau University of Science and Technology Macau 999078 China；National Observation and Research Station of Coastal Ecological Environments in Macao Macao Environmental Research Institute Macau University of Science and Technology Macao 999078 China School of Environment State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China；State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing 100084 China；Beijing Laboratory of Environmental Frontier Technologies Beijing 100084 China

The advent of large-scale mobile monitoring using fast-response instruments has enabled hyperlocal mapping (≤100 m) of traffic-related air pollution (TRAP), with important implications for air quality management. However, most related studies have been confined within small areas due to the high cost and labor intensity. This study pioneers a cost-effective TRAP mapping method by incorporating large-scale mobile monitoring and land-use machine learning (LUML). Here, over 4.6 million 1 Hz high-frequency measurements (∼1300 h) were collected on a part of major roadways in the Chinese megacity of Shenzhen. Unmeasured locations were estimated by LUML models to reduce measurement costs and labor intensity. Various ML algorithms and varying spatial aggregation segment lengths were incorporated to optimize the model performance. Hyperlocal maps of NO, NO2, and PM2.5were predicted across the entire road network covering over 1700 km2. Based on our results, LU-RF (random forest) for mapping NO and NO2and LU-GBM (Gradient Boosting Machine) for mapping PM2.5, demonstrated superior performance. Deep learning models, in contrast, did not yield comparable results. Finer partitioning of road segments (≤100 m) improved NO prediction performance, but worsened that for NO2and PM2.5. By deployment of optimal ML algorithms and segment lengths, the TRAP mapping accuracy increased by 20–80% compared to conventional land-use regression models. This study provides a promising and cost-effective approach to hyperlocal air pollution mapping and management in cities worldwide.

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Dissolved black carbon in full-scale drinking water treatment plants: Occurrence and contribution to disinfection byproducts formation and cytotoxicity

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Journal of Hazardous Materials 2025年 494卷 138638页

作者： Chen, Haoran Li, Jianwei Chen, Chuze Zhao, Xiating Yao, Zongcheng Wang, Yuting Li, Zhigang Xian, Qiming State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the Environment Nanjing University Nanjing210023 China School of Environment Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Hangzhou310024 China

Dissolved black carbon (DBC) is a crucial precursor to disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in the drinking water disinfection process. However, the understanding of the presence and transformation of DBC within drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) is still limited. This article systematically examined the presence and transport of DBC, in combination with the contribution to disinfection byproducts formation and cytotoxicity along the full-scale DWTPs. The results indicated that DBC concentrations varied from 70.0–199.4 μg/L in source water, 28.7–122.7 μg/L in sedimentation, 22.5–68.5 μg/L in carbon filter, 27.8–116.7 μg/L in sand filter and 7.2–23.0 μg/L in finished water. Sedimentation and disinfection processes resulted in higher DBC removal rates of 57 % and 71 % on average, respectively. DBC components with high aromaticity were predominantly removed during sedimentation, while DBC with low aromaticity was more likely to be removed during chlorination. DBC concentration had a significantly positive correlation with UV254 absorbance throughout the entire treatment process. Additionally, although DBC in the source water constituted only 1–10 % of the dissolved organic matter, DBC was estimated to contribute to 1–25 % of the DBP formation and 1–20 % of the cytotoxicity in the finished water. Hence, it is crucial to consider the possible risk of DBPs generated in the disinfection of DBC along the full-scale DWTPs. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Disinfection

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