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High-throughput screening of complexing agents and their enhanced mechanism for the non-saponification separation of nickel and cobalt

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Separation and Purification Technology 2025年 371卷

作者： Yuan, Ling Yang, Hailun Sun, Baogang Zhao, Yuehong Ning, Pengge Cao, Hongbin Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Science Beijing100190 China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the Environment Nanjing University Nanjing210023 China

Complexation-assisted solvent extraction is a green method for the separation and recovery of cobalt and nickel from ternary cathode leachates, because it can reduce the saline wastewater volume. Nevertheless, the identification of suitable complexing agents poses a significant challenge. To deploy complexation-assisted solvent separation technology, systematically screen and identify candidate complexation agents that can efficiently and selectively bind to Co2+ was conducted, thereby enhancing the differential coordination chemistry between Co2+ and Ni2+ ions. In this study, an innovative screening strategy integrating database utilization with mechanistic analysis was developed. Initially, we collected a database of complexes containing nickel or cobalt from the existing crystallography open database and generated a database of complexing agent molecules by deconstructing their chemical structures. The complexing agent database was established to facilitate the identification of dominant functional groups based on their physical and chemical properties. Correspondingly, the extraction process activity model was established by the analysis of their enhanced mechanism for nickel and cobalt separation. The results indicated that butyric acid was the more effective complexing agent, achieving a separation factor twice that of the Na-saponified counterpart and reducing NaOH consumption by 90 %. This strategy opens a new avenue for the identification of efficient complexing agents and is anticipated to be applicable to the screening of analogous organic/inorganic systems. © 2025

关键词： Solvent extraction

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Microplastics in lakes: Distribution patterns and influencing factors

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Journal of Hazardous Materials 2025年 493卷

作者： Liang, Sijia Liu, Jianchao Bao, Meijun Fan, Yifan Kong, Ming Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences Ministry of Ecology and Environment Nanjing210042 China College of Environment Hohai University Jiangsu Nanjing210098 China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of Environment Nanjing University Nanjing210023 China

As a kind of new pollutants, microplastics (MPs) have aroused public concern due to their widespread presence and potential ecological risks. Lakes, as crucial freshwater ecosystems and important water resources, are particularly vulnerable to MPs pollution. While MPs are known to be unevenly distributed within lakes, their distribution patterns and influencing factors have not been thoroughly understood. This review analyzes 84 field studies across 64 lakes worldwide to elucidate MPs distribution patterns and their driving mechanisms. Analysis reveals that MPs abundance is typically highest near areas of intense human activity and major water inflows, though hydrodynamics and wind conditions also influence spatial patterns. MPs characteristics (shape, size, color, polymer type) show distinct distribution patterns influenced by source types, transport mechanisms, and degradation processes. While surface water MPs concentrations vary seasonally due to precipitation, wind, and human activities, sediment cores indicate increasing MPs abundance in recent deposits. Integration of water and sediment sampling reveals that MPs characteristics affect their vertical distribution, with denser particles prone to sedimentation. This review identifies key knowledge gaps, including limited data on vertical distributions and temporal variations, and emphasizes the need for standardized methods and quantitative analysis of driving factors. These reviewed findings provide a foundation for understanding MPs fate in lake ecosystems and improving risk assessment capabilities, offering valuable insights for future surveys on MPs. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Lake pollution

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Direct Nano-Imaging Reveals the Underestimated Role of Lanthanum Phosphate Formation in Phosphorus Sequestration by Lanthanum Carbonate

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Environmental Science and Technology 2025年 2025 May 12页

作者： Li, Yuhang Fu, Wanyi Wan, Yujie Yan, Xing Pan, Bingcai State Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Green Resource Recycling School of Environment Nanjing University Nanjing210023 China Nanjing University Nanjing210023 China

Lanthanum-based materials are recognized as highly effective adsorbents for advanced phosphorus removal, with a prevailing belief that acidic conditions promote phosphorus uptake via enhanced surface complexation. Herein, we demonstrate that lanthanum carbonate exhibits a 1.8-fold higher phosphate adsorption capacity at pH 7 (33.2 mg-P/g) compared to pH 4 (18.5 mg-P/g), attributed to the enhanced formation of LaPO4 nanocrystals. Leveraging in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM), we resolve real-time phosphorus sequestration dynamics, capturing LaPO4 nucleation within minutes, contradicting prior reports that LaPO4 formation is time-intensive. This discrepancy arises because conventional characterization techniques (e.g., X-ray diffraction) overlook transient amorphous LaPO4 intermediates due to insufficient sensitivity, whereas the nanoscale resolution of AFM directly tracks interfacial transformations. A dissolution-nucleation-growth mechanism was then proposed for the interfacial formation of LaPO4. This study revises the mechanistic framework for phosphorus removal and highlights the crucial role of LaPO4 formation in maximizing the utilization efficiency of lanthanum active sites for enhanced phosphate sequestration by La-based materials. © 2025 American Chemical Society.

关键词： Carbonation

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Peracetic acid-driven advanced oxidation processes for wastewater treatment: Demystifying organic radicals and non-radical species

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Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology 2025年

作者： Yao, Guanglei Zhou, Xuefei Gao, Haiping Liu, Tongcai Zhang, Yalei Chen, Jiabin State Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Green Resource Recycling College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai China Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment for Ministry of Education College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai China Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Tongji University Shanghai China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shandong University Shandong Qingdao China Key Laboratory of Urban Water Supply Water Saving and Water Environment Governance in the Yangtze River Delta of Ministry of Water Resources Tongji University Shanghai China

Peracetic acid (PAA) based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have received increasing attention in wastewater treatment. However, it is challenging to identify the radical and/or non-radical species and elucidate the intrinsic interaction mechanisms involved in PAA-based AOPs. This work presents a systematic review of the selective generation mechanisms of radicals (hydroxyl and organic radicals), with a focus on organic radicals, and non-radical species (reactive complexes (RC), high-valent metals (HVM), singlet oxygen (1O2), and electron transfer process (ETP)). Furthermore, we examine various strategies for the precise identification and characterization of radical and/or non-radical species (e.g., quenching, chemical probes, spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and electrochemical testing), and emphasize existing controversies. Subsequently, we provide an in-depth discussion of the reaction mechanisms between the reactive species and the contaminants/water matrices, as well as the potential for generating halogenated byproducts. Finally, we highlight the challenges and opportunities of the PAA-based AOPs in wastewater treatment, aiming to inspire future research endeavors that promote the practical application of PAA-based AOPs in wastewater treatment. © 2025 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

关键词： Free radical reactions

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Treatment of high concentration phenol wastewater by low-frequency ultrasonic cavitation and long-term pilot scale study

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Chemosphere 2025年 370卷 143937页

作者： Sun, Haohao Li, Jie Zhang, Yunian Zhuang, Lu Zhou, Zhou Ren, Yanfang Xu, Xia He, Junyu Xue, Yingang School of Environmental Science and Engineering Changzhou University Jiangsu Changzhou213164 China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the Environment Nanjing University Jiangsu Nanjing China College of Urban Construction Changzhou University Jiangsu Changzhou213164 China

Acoustic cavitation is an advanced, eco-friendly oxidation technology effective in removing organic pollutants from water. However, research on its use for degrading phenol, a common and challenging phenolic pollutant, is limited. This study explores the optimal conditions for phenol degradation using acoustic cavitation and assesses its practical application through extensive pilot tests. Results from batch tests show that low-frequency (15 kHz) ultrasonic cavitation effectively treats high concentrations of phenol (1000 mg L−1). Aeration and acidic pH enhance removal efficiency, while alkaline conditions inhibit degradation. Analysis of total organic carbon (TOC), degradation products, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) reveals that the primary intermediates are substituted benzenes and alkanes. Long-term pilot tests demonstrated the device's effectiveness in phenol removal and its operational stability over 180 days. The study also establishes a relationship between removal efficiency, hydraulic retention time (HRT), and operating costs, highlighting the feasibility of low-frequency ultrasonic cavitation for treating high-concentration phenolic wastewater and its potential role in the pretreatment stage of biochemical processes. © 2024

关键词： Wastewater treatment

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Molecular Insights into the Bioavailability and Transformation of Dissolved Organic Phosphorus and Nitrogen in a Wastewater Treatment Plant

SSRN

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Bai, Hongwei Tan, Wenbing Yuan, Ying Li, Dongyang Kang, Yike Liu, Qiao Cui, Dongyu State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of Environment Nanjing University Jiangsu Nanjing210023 China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing100012 China Beijing100083 China Nanjing University China

Dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) have high potential bioavailability, making them key factors in the water eutrophication process. For wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), one of the challenges in alleviating eutrophication in receiving waters is reducing levels of DOP and DON, which are harder to remove than inorganic phosphate and dissolved inorganic nitrogen. In this study, for the first time we simultaneously investigated the bioavailability and transformation of DOP and DON in a WWTP at the molecular level, via Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) and paired mass distance (PMD)-based network analysis. Results showed that the removal of DOP and DON in the biological treatment contributed 83.3% and 100.3%, respectively, to the total removal in the WWTP. Meanwhile, the double bond equivalence values of DOP and DON increased during the biological treatment but decreased during the advanced treatment, indicating that the biological treatment plays a dominant role in reducing the concentration and bioavailability of DOP and DON. PMD-based network analysis indicated that the variation in the bioavailability of DOP and DON in the biological treatment was primarily associated with the transformation from low unsaturation lipid- and protein-like species to highly unsaturated lignin-like species. Our findings enhance the understanding of the bioavailability and transformation of DOP and DON in WWTPs, which might shed light on more effective strategies for upgrading WWTPs to meet more stringent nutrient discharge limits in the future. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Eutrophication

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How small is big enough? Big data-driven machine learning predictions for a full-scale wastewater treatment plant

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Water Research 2025年 274卷 123041页

作者： Ma, Yanyan Qiao, Yiheng Chen, Mengxue Rui, Dongni Zhang, Xuxiang Liu, Weijing Ye, Lin State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of Environment Nanjing University Nanjing210023 China Nanjing Gaoke Environmental Technology Co. Ltd. Nanjing210038 China Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Engineering Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Science Nanjing210036 China

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) generate vast amounts of water quality, operational, and biological data. The potential of these big data, particularly through machine learning (ML), to improve WWTP management is increasingly recognized. However, the costs associated with data collection and processing can rise sharply as datasets grow larger, and research on determining the optimal data volume for effective ML application remains limited. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed water quality, operational, and biological data collected from a full-scale WWTP over 970 days. Our results demonstrate that ML models can predict not only operational and water quality parameters (concentrations of dissolved oxygen and effluent chemical oxygen demand) but also the abundances of functional bacteria. Notably, we discovered that increasing data volume does not always improve model performance, and that data collection intervals do not need to be excessively small, as moderate intervals can still yield reliable predictions. These findings suggest that excessively large datasets may not be necessary for effective ML predictions in WWTPs. Overall, this study underscores the importance of optimizing dataset size to balance computation efficiency and prediction accuracy, providing valuable insights into data management strategies that can enhance the operational efficiency and sustainability of WWTPs. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Data accuracy

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Identification of pollutant markers in rural mountainous areas of China by combining non-targeted analysis with zebrafish embryo toxicity tests

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Science of the Total Environment 2025年 965卷 178625页

作者： Li, Jiaqi Zhou, Min Chen, Zhongli Guo, Jinsong Fang, Fang Schäffer, Andreas Shao, Ying Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment Ministry of Education Chongqing University Chongqing400045 China Institute for Environmental Research RWTH Aachen University Aachen52074 Germany State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the Environment Nanjing University Nanjing210093 China

Emerging pollutants (EPs) are increasingly found around the world, yet their composition and the risks pose to soil environments remain unclear, making a challenge to EP management, particularly in mountainous rural areas. In this study, we collected soils from three types of mountainous villages, each representing different levels of economic development: an industrial village, an ecotourism village, and an agricultural village. We analyzed these samples using non-target analysis and Danio rerio embryotoxicity test (ZET). A total of 216 compounds (level 2) were identified by matching with mzCloud database, with 149, 107, and 157 found in YY (industrial village), DX (ecotourism village) and LH (agricultural village), respectively. Interestingly, 78 compounds were present in all three villages, while the number of unique substances ranged from 7 to 47 in each village, serving as potential pollution markers. The most prevalent substances identified were aliphatics, heterocyclics, and aromatics. The ZET results showed that all soil extracts had significant acute toxic effects. Further analysis revealed a correlation between the toxic substances and the economic types of the villages. Specifically, linear chain dicarboxylic acids, drugs, and oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OPAHs) were the primary toxicants in the industrial village, whereas phthalate esters dominated in the other two villages. These findings provide valuable insights for effective monitoring of EPs in mountainous rural areas. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Methyl ester

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Unravelling fouling characteristics in a point-of-use water purifier: Bridging compositional evolution to spatial distribution

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Separation and Purification Technology 2025年 369卷

作者： Wang, Hailan Zou, Wenxuan Xu, Ya Ma, Bozhan Zhang, Xiaoxin Dai, Ruobin Wang, Zhiwei State Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Green Resource Recycling Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security School of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai200092 China China National Institute of Standardization Beijing100191 China

With the rapid advancement of water purification technologies, point-of-use (POU) water purifiers have become essential for delivering clean water. However, the foulants accumulation during operation can lead to a deterioration in water quality and a shortening of operational lifespan. A comprehensive analysis of fouling characteristics, considering compositional evolution to spatial distribution, is crucial for ensuring stable operation and optimizing performance. This study analyzed the fouling characteristics in a POU water purifiers across five stages: polypropylene (PP) cotton, pre-activated carbon (AC), ion exchange resin (IER), reverse osmosis (RO) membrane, and post-AC, revealing stage-specific inorganic–organic-biological fouling patterns driven by material interactions and dynamic water quality changes. PP cotton stage primarily captures Al/Fe/Si-contained colloidal foulants, while pre-AC shows the highest organic adsorption capacity, subsequently promoting diverse biofilm growth, underscoring the necessity of implementing catalytic AC to enhance removal and degradation efficiency. IER accumulates the highest Ca and Mg content, whereas the size exclusion mechanism of RO membrane results in relatively low foulant accumulation. Long-term operation leads to accumulation of inorganic–organic-biological combined foulants in post-AC, including potential pathogens Mycobacterium, emphasizing the need for advanced mitigation strategies such as ultraviolet sterilization or the use of silver-impregnated AC to ensure water safety. The findings provide fundamental insights into stage-specific fouling mechanisms that have guided the development of optimization strategies encompassing functional material application, treatment process design, and system operation management. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Reverse osmosis

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control locations confuse evaluation of passivation effects of iron-based biochar and selenium applications on wheat grain cadmium accumulation in a Cd-contaminated weakly alkaline soil

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Pedosphere 2025年第3期35卷 549-559页

作者： Feng JING Yan GAO Hongbo LI Guangping FAN Qingya ZHANG Xuezhen GAO Dongmei ZHOU State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of Environment Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 (China) Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Nanjing 210014 (China) Jiangsu DDBS Environmental Remediation Co. Ltd. Nanjing 210012 (China)

Inhibiting cadmium (Cd) accumulation in wheat grains could reduce the risk of human exposure to Cd. This study conducted a field experiment and evaluated the effects of iron (Fe)-based biochar and selenium (Se) applications alone or in combination on Cd accumulation in wheat grains in a Cd-contaminated weakly alkaline soil of rice-wheat rotation farmland. Considering soil Cd heterogeneity in the field, we set up 22 replicates of control (CK) and three replicates of each Fe-based biochar and/or Se treatment. Results clearly showed that the CK locations could greatly affect the evaluation of whether the difference in the wheat grain Cd concentration between treatments and CK was significant. There was an insignificant difference in the wheat grain Cd concentration between the treatment and the adjacent CK replicates. Although soil Se application at 2 mg kg −1 and foliar Se application at 4 mg L −1 significantly increased the grain Se concentration as compared with the adjacent CK replicates, they still could not reduce the Cd concentration in wheat grains. However, when compared to the CK replicates that had the highest grain Cd concentration, foliar and soil applications of Se could significantly reduce the wheat grain Cd concentration by 47.7% and 41.3%–46.1%, respectively. No matter which CK replicates were selected, the application of Fe-based biochar had no significant impact on Cd accumulation in wheat grains, and there was no significant difference in diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid-Cd concentration between the Fe-based biochar treatment and adjacent CK replicates. In conclusion, applying Fe-based biochar and Se in the field could not reduce the Cd accumulation in wheat grains in Cd-contaminated weakly alkaline soils.

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