Random sequences are widely used in the field of computer science. In practice, random sequences are generated by pseudorandom number generators which are in fact deterministic algorithms. Statistical tests are used t...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781479913275
Random sequences are widely used in the field of computer science. In practice, random sequences are generated by pseudorandom number generators which are in fact deterministic algorithms. Statistical tests are used to check whether there are regularities in a sequence generated by a pseudorandom number generator. Currently there are many statistical tests available, which focus on different aspects of a sequence, but it remains open how these tests are correlated. In this paper, we select a set of statistical tests from different test suites, adapt them for testing short sequences if necessary, and evaluate these tests by calculating their conditional entropy, which reflects the coverage of each test in the whole test suite. Finally we propose a new test suite which has a larger coverage than the original test suite.
Sample-time error between channels degrades the resolution of time-interleaved analog-to-digital converters (TIADCs).A calibration method implemented in mixed circuits with low complexity and fast convergence is pro...
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Sample-time error between channels degrades the resolution of time-interleaved analog-to-digital converters (TIADCs).A calibration method implemented in mixed circuits with low complexity and fast convergence is proposed in this *** algorithm for detecting sample-time error is based on correlation and widely applied to wide-sense stationary input *** detected sample-time error is corrected by a voltage-controlled sampling *** experimental result of a 2-channel 200-MS/s 14-bit TIADC shows that the signal-to-noise and distortion ratio improves by 19.1 dB,and the spurious-free dynamic range improves by 34.6 dB for a 70.12-MHz input after *** calibration convergence time is about 20000 sampling intervals.
A programmable architecture called “quantum FPGA (field-programmable gate array)” (QFPGA) is presented for quantum computing, which is a hybrid model combining the advantages of the qubus system and the measurement-...
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A programmable architecture called “quantum FPGA (field-programmable gate array)” (QFPGA) is presented for quantum computing, which is a hybrid model combining the advantages of the qubus system and the measurement-based quantum computation. There are two kinds of buses in QFPGA, the local bus and the global bus, which generate the cluster states and general multiqubit rotations around the z axis, respectively. QFPGA consists of quantum logic blocks (QLBs) and quantum routing channels (QRCs). The QLB is used to generate a small quantum logic while the QRC is used to combine them properly for larger logic realization. Considering the error accumulating on the qubus, the small logic is the general two-qubit quantum gate. However, for the application such as n-qubit quantum Fourier transform, one QLB can be reconfigured for four-qubit quantum Fourier transform. Although this is an implementation-independent architecture, we still make a rough analysis of its performance based on the qubus system. In a word, QFPGA provides a general architecture to integrate different quantum computing models for efficient quantum logic construction.
A single loop fourth-order delta-sigma modulator is presented for audio applications. A reconfigurable mechanism is adopted for two bandwidth-based modes (8 kHz/16 kHz). Manufactured in the SM1C 0.13μm CMOS mixed s...
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A single loop fourth-order delta-sigma modulator is presented for audio applications. A reconfigurable mechanism is adopted for two bandwidth-based modes (8 kHz/16 kHz). Manufactured in the SM1C 0.13μm CMOS mixed signal process, the chip consumes low power (153.6 μW) and occupies a core area of 0.98×0.46 mm2. The presented modulator achieves an 89.3 dB SNR and 90.2 dB dynamic range in 16 kHz mode, as well as a 90.2 dB SNR and 86 dB dynamic range in 8 kHz mode. The designed modulator shows a very competitive figure of merit among state-of-the-art low voltage modulators.
This paper presents a novel detection algorithm for soft-output, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. The algorithm obtains a list of candidates used to calculate likelihood information in parallel and it in...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781479910267
This paper presents a novel detection algorithm for soft-output, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. The algorithm obtains a list of candidates used to calculate likelihood information in parallel and it includes two stages for tree searching, where each stage corresponds to one direction of the path selection process. The simulation results indicate that the algorithm achieves better performance with lower complexity than a list-based fixed-complexity soft-output sphere decoder. Moreover, due to its parallel nature, it is well suited for hardware implementation.
A Quantum FPGA (QFPGA) architecture is presented for programmable quantum computing, which is a hybrid architecture combining the advantages of the measurement-based quantum computation and the qubus system. QFPGA con...
A Quantum FPGA (QFPGA) architecture is presented for programmable quantum computing, which is a hybrid architecture combining the advantages of the measurement-based quantum computation and the qubus system. QFPGA consists of Quantum Logic Blocks (QLBs) and Quantum Routing Channels (QRCs). The QLB is used to realize a small quantum logic while the QRC is to combine them properly for larger logic realization. There are two types of buses in QFPGA, the local bus in the QLB and the global bus in the QRC, which are to generate the cluster states and general multiqubit rotations around the z axis respectively. However for some applications such as Grover's algorithm and n-qubit quantum Fourier transform, one QLB can be configured for four-qubit phase shift module and four-qubit quantum Fourier transform respectively.
Fluorescein/polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) composite nanofibers with different fluorescein loadings (with a weight concentration of 0-5.0%) are fabricated via electrospinning. Morphologies, structures and photolumine...
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Fluorescein/polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) composite nanofibers with different fluorescein loadings (with a weight concentration of 0-5.0%) are fabricated via electrospinning. Morphologies, structures and photoluminescent (PL) prop- erties of these straight, helical or wavelike fibers are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fluorescence microscopy and a spectrophotometer. It is found that the maximum emission of the as-spun fluorescein/PVP fibers occurs at 510 nm. The PL intensity of the composite fiber increases with fluorescein concentration, then fluorescence quenching appears when the concentration reaches 1.67%. The mechanism of fluorescence quenching of fiuorescein is discussed. In addition, the composite fibers exhibit a much stronger PL intensity than fluorescein/PVP bulk film owing to larger specific surface area, which makes them promising materials for biomedical applications such as probes and sensors.
This paper presents a robust design and global optimization methodology for Rail-to-Rail operational amplifier using a computer-aided design (CAD) tool called FMSSQP. Performance parameters are optimized while the imp...
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This paper presents a robust design and global optimization methodology for Rail-to-Rail operational amplifier using a computer-aided design (CAD) tool called FMSSQP. Performance parameters are optimized while the impact of process variation is minimized. This design is implemented with 0.25-μm CMOS process. The result shows that transconductance (gm) variations at each process corners are less than 7%, circuit performance presented by a Figure of Merit (FOM) has a significant improvement compared with the published works.
A novel circuit is presented in order to enhance the slew rate of two-stage operational amplifiers. The enhancer utilizes the class-AB input stage to improve current efficiency, while it works on an open loop with reg...
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A novel circuit is presented in order to enhance the slew rate of two-stage operational amplifiers. The enhancer utilizes the class-AB input stage to improve current efficiency, while it works on an open loop with regard to the enhanced amplifier so that it has no effect on the stability of the amplifier. During the slewing period, the enhancer detects input differential voltage of the amplifier, and produces external enhancement currents for the amplifier, driving load capacitors to charge/discharge faster. Simulation results show that, fora large input step, the enhancerreduces settling time by nearly 50%. When the circuit is employed in a sample-and-hold circuit, it greatly improves the spur-free dynamic range by 44.6 dB and the total harmonic distortion by 43.9 dB. The proposed circuit is very suitable to operate under a low voltage (1.2 V or below) with a standby current of 200 μA.
The chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) of Molybdenum (Mo) using hydrogen peroxide based alkaline solution was investigated. The effects of pH value and the H2O2 concentration on the Mo polishing were studied. The sta...
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