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Improvement and correction for transverse emittance diagnosis based on Q-scanning techniques

Nuclear Science and Techniques 2025年第3期36卷 1-11页

作者： Yi-Feng Zeng Hao Hu Tong-Ning Hu State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China

Precise transverse emittance assessment in electron beams is crucial for advancing high-brightness beam *** opposed to intricate methodologies that use specialized devices,quadrupole focusing strength scanning(Q-scanning)techniques offer notable advantages for various injectors owing to their inherent convenience and ***,their stringent approximation conditions lead to inevitable errors in practical operation,thereby limiting their widespread *** study addressed these challenges by revisiting the analytical derivation procedure and investigating the effects of the underlying approximation *** corrections were explored through a combination of data processing analysis and numerical ***,based on theoretical derivations,virtual measurements using beam dynamics calculations were employed to evaluate the correction *** experimental validations were performed at the Huazhong University of Science and Technology injector to verify the effectiveness of the proposed compensation *** the virtual and experimental results confirm the feasibility and reliability of the enhanced Q-scanning-based diagnosis for transverse emittance in typical beam injectors operating under common *** the integration of these corrections and compensations,enhanced Q-scanning-based techniques emerge as promising alternatives to traditional emittance diagnosis methods.

关键词： Beam diagnostics Transverse emittance Q-scanning technique Beam injector

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Dynamic Analysis of Uniformity and Difference for Grid-following and Grid-forming Voltage Source Converters Using Phasor and Topological Homology Methods

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2025年第1期13卷 3-14页

作者： Haiyu Zhao Hongyu Zhou Wei Yao Qihang Zong Jinyu Wen State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology School of Electrical and Electronics EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China

Grid-following voltage source converter(GFLVSC)and grid-forming voltage source converter(GFM-VSC)have different dynamic characteristics for active power-frequency and reactive power-voltage supports of the power *** paper aims to clarify and recognize the difference between gridfollowing(GFL)and grid-forming(GFM)frequency-voltage support more intuitively and ***,the phasor model considering circuit constraints is established based on the port circuit equations of the *** is revealed that the voltage and active power linearly correspond to the horizontal and vertical axes in the phasor space referenced to the grid voltage ***,based on topological homology,GFL and GFM controls are transformed and mapped into different *** topological similarity of the characteristic curves for GFL and GFM controls is the essential cause of their *** on the above model,it is indicated that GFL-VSC and GFM-VSC possess uniformity with regard to active power response,type of coupling,and phasor *** differ in synchronization,power coupling mechanisms,dynamics,and active power-voltage operation domain in the quasi-steady *** studies are undertaken on GFL-VSC and GFM-VSC integrated into a four-machine two-area *** results verify that the dynamic uniformity and difference of GFL-VSC and GFM-VSC are intuitively and comprehensively revealed.

关键词： Renewable energy grid-following converter grid-forming converter phasor method topological homology

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Electric Network Stimulation-Response Relationship and Its Characteristics under Time-Varying Amplitude and Frequency

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IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 2025年第3期61卷 4847-4861页

作者： Sun, Rongxin Yang, Hui He, Wei Yuan, Xiaoming Huazhong University of Science and Technology State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology Wuhan430074 China

The process that, the equipment regulates internal voltage's amplitude and frequency (A\F) to generate changes in the electric network terminal power, plays a critical role in determining a power system's dynamic behavior. Traditional system analysis relies on the "quasi-steady state"assumption of constant frequency to investigate the network, and the results are often reasonable due to the network's time constant being fast enough compared to the internal voltage dynamics. However, the increasing integration of converter-interfaced equipment with fast A\F dynamics raises concerns about the network's power variations concerning the A\F, including the characteristics of potentially impacting power system dynamics. To address these concerns, this paper emphasizes the demands for analyzing the network's stimulation-response relationships under the dynamic practice of time-varying A\F. It provides a generalized method to establish explicit expressions for the original stimulation-response relationship of the network. On this basis, the dynamic characteristics potentially impacting the system dynamic processes are analyzed and elaborated. In addition, this paper identifies differences in the system's dynamic behaviors that may arise from commonly used static network relationships, even for system electromechanical dynamics. This work aims to lay the foundation for further understanding of the physics and analytics of the network under the equipment-regulated time-varying A\F. © 1972-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Electric network analysis

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Insulator defect detection under extreme weather based on synthetic weather algorithm and improved YOLOv7

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High Voltage 2025年第1期10卷 69-77页

作者： Yong Yang Shuai Yang Chuan Li Yunxuan Wang Xiaoqian Pi Yuxin Lu Ruohan Wu State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology School of Electrical Engineering and ElectronicsHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina State Grid Hunan Electric Power Company ChangshaChina

Efficient and accurate insulator defect detection is essential for maintaining the safe and stable operation of transmission ***,the detection effectiveness is adversely impacted by complex and changeable environmental backgrounds,particularly under extreme weather that elevates accident ***,this research proposes a high-precision intelligent strategy based on the synthetic weather algorithm and improved YOLOv7 for detecting insulator defects under extreme *** proposed meth-odology involves augmenting the dataset with synthetic rain,snow,and fog algorithm ***,the original dataset undergoes augmentation through affine and colour transformations to improve model's generalisation performance under complex power inspection *** achieve higher recognition accuracy in severe weather,an improved YOLOv7 algorithm for insulator defect detection is proposed,integrating focal loss with SIoU loss function and incorporating an optimised decoupled head *** results indicate that the synthetic weather algorithm processing significantly improves the insulator defect detection accuracy under extreme weather,increasing the mean average precision by 2.4%.Furthermore,the authors’improved YOLOv7 model achieves 91.8%for the mean average precision,outperforming the benchmark model by 2.3%.With a detection speed of 46.5 frames per second,the model meets the requirement of real-time detection of insulators and their defects during power inspection.

关键词： weather extreme algorithm

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Multi-objective Optimization of Double-D Orthogonal Coil in the Underwater Environment

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IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 2025年第3期61卷 4155-4166页

作者： Wang, Fangyong Zhu, Jinwei Sun, Aoni Liu, Bangyin State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China

A structural optimization design method of DD orthogonal coil in the seawater environment is introduced in this paper, which is suitable for underwater AUV equipment. The electromagnetic field model considering the effect of the high conductivity of seawater medium is established. The Eddy current equivalent resistance is introduced to characterize the eddy current loss caused by seawater medium. The relationship between eddy current equivalent resistance and DD orthogonal coil structure size is analyzed, and the influence of structure parameters on power transfer efficiency in seawater medium is further pointed out. The analysis results show that the DD orthogonal coil in seawater medium has an extreme point of optimal design when the power transfer efficiency and power transfer density are the optimization objectives. NSGA-II algorithm is used to optimize the structure parameters of the DD orthogonal coil. The coil efficiency is obtained by finite element simulation. Pareto frontier curve under effective constraints. Finally, a 3.3- kW experimental prototype was built to verify the feasibility. The DD orthogonal coil power transfer density is 33.78 kW/m2. The experimental results indicate that the power transfer efficiency of 91.92% is achieved with the power of 2.3kW and transmission distance is 100mm © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Coils Eddy currents Couplings Integrated circuit modeling Analytical models Inductance Electric fields Conductivity Atmospheric modeling Structural engineering

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Mechanism of the External Short Circuit Induced Internal Short Circuit in Liquid Metal Batteries

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IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 2025年第3期61卷 4139-4146页

作者： Zhang, Yi Zhang, E. Li, Haomiao Zhou, Min Jiang, Kai Huazhong University of Science and Technology State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Wuhan430074 China

Battery technology is pivotal in large-scale energy storage systems, valued for its flexibility and high efficiency. Among various options, liquid metal batteries (LMBs) stand out with promising applications in the energy storage field, thanks to their low cost, long lifespan, high safety, and large capacity. External short circuits (ESC), as a common form of abuse, can potentially lead to more severe internal short circuits (ISC). However, most existing research on LMB has not thoroughly addressed the underlying trigger mechanism. In this paper, the trigger mechanism is revealed through the electrode morphology analysis and proved by the multiphysics model simulation. In the ESC process, the irregular lithium deposition is induced by the uneven current density, which finally leads to the contact between the anode and cathode, that is, ISC. The ISC is most likely to occur at the center of the cathode or near its junction with the cathode shell. The insights gained from this study may be of assistance to improve the configuration design of LMB and reduce the risk of short circuits occurring in the application. © 1972-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Indium phosphide

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Frequency-Voltage Active Support Strategy for Hybrid Wind Farms Based on Grid-Following and Grid-Forming Hierarchical Subgroup Control

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2025年第1期11卷 65-77页

作者： Haiyu Zhao Qihang Zong Hongyu Zhou Wei Yao Kangyi Sun Yuqing Zhou Jinyu Wen State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology School of Electrical and Electronics EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China

The GFL-GFM hybrid wind farm (HWF) combines the voltage source control advantages of grid-forming (GFM) wind turbines (WTs) with the current source control advantages of grid-following (GFL) wind turbines. It becomes a new type of large-scale grid-connected wind power generation. In this paper, we propose an HWF frequency-voltage active support based on GFL and GFM hierarchical subgroup control. It aims to realize the support of active power and reactive power under the premise of ensuring system stability. The strategy consists of the determination of the control objectives of the GFM-GFL subgroups, the distributed control (DC) of the GFM-GFL subgroups, and the adaptive control and switching of each unit of the GFM and GFL groups. The GFM-group maintains the grid-connected voltage stability and the GFL-group exhausts the active support. DC at the group level and adaptive control at the unit level are included under the hierarchy of the respective objectives. Finally, a GFL-GFM HWF model is established on the MATLAB/Simulink platform, and the simulation verifies that the proposed strategy can realize the enhancement of the frequency-voltage support capability of the HWF under the premise of grid-connected stability.

关键词： Active-reactive power coupling decoupling factor distributed adaptive control frequency-voltage active support GFL-GFM station GFL-GFM subgroup control

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Rapid system prototype-based physical simulation platforms for power systems with high penetration of inverter-based resources

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High Voltage 2025年第1期10卷 3-16页

作者： Wei Yao Yimin Ruan Yuying Chen Hongyu Zhou Jinyu Wen Meng Zhou Wenping Zuo State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina GridMind Technology(Wuhan)Co. LtdWuhanChina

The traditional power system dominated by synchronous generators is gradually evolving into a power system with high penetration of inverter-based resources(IBRs).In this paper,the new characteristics that arise from the high penetration of IBRs in power systems are *** light of these characteristics,current simulation technologies are inadequate and new requirements for the simulation platforms have been *** response,this paper introduces the rapid system prototype(RSP)-based physical simu-lation platforms,which include the digital simulator,the rapid prototype controller,and the rapid object-controlled *** addresses the time-consuming and labour-intensive shortcomings of traditional simulation techniques and meets the rapid evolu-tion needs of the power system with high penetration of *** with existing simulation platforms,RSP is a more suitable platform for the physical simulation of power systems with high penetration of *** the modular multilevel converter-based high-voltage direct current as a case study,a novel physical simulation platform for power systems based on RSP is *** results demonstrate that the RSP concept and technology can establish an enterprise-level simulation environment and engineering practice ***,it can provide realistic and flexible simu-lations of various characteristics of power systems with high penetration of IBRs.

关键词： system power inverter

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Computational study of the effect of friction coefficients and particle shape on the repose angle and porosity of sinter piles

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Particuology 2025年第3期98卷 231-240页

作者： Meng Li Yaowei Yu Henrik Saxén Process and Systems Engineering Laboratory Faculty of Science and EngineeringÅbo Akademi University20500TurkuFinland State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced FerrometallurgySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringShanghai University200444ShanghaiChina

Shape has an undeniable impact on particle behaviour,and the shapes of naturally occurring granular matter are typically *** studies of irregularly shaped particles are challenging but necessary to gain a better understanding of the flow of particulate *** study focuses on the behaviour of irregular sinter particles and applies the discrete element method to examine the effects of static and rolling friction coefficients and particle shape on the angle of repose and porosity of sinter piles.A three-dimensional model of an irregular sinter particle reconstructed by close-range photogrammetry served as the template for generating multi-sphere particles with varying numbers of sub-spheres(1,3,7,22,and 135)and sphericity ranging from 1 to *** of particle piles were conducted for a range of values of the coefficients of static and rolling *** results indicate that the angle of repose increases with static friction and also increases with rolling friction coefficient when it is lower than the static *** angle of repose shows clear dependence on particle shape,particularly for lower rolling friction *** friction coefficients for particles of five different shapes were individually determined through bulk calibration,and irregularly shaped particles in DEM were found to require lower friction *** was marginally affected by the static and rolling friction coefficients for spherical particles,while non-spherical particles showed porosity increasing with the rolling friction *** relationship between particle sphericity and porosity was nonlinear:as sphericity decreases from 1.00 to 0.69,the porosity first decreases to a minimum and then *** findings confirmed that both friction and particle shape have a significant influence on the structure of sinter piles,with implications for material handling and processing in industrial applications.

关键词： Sinter Discrete element method Friction coefficients Particle shape Repose angle Porosity

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Designing high-area-loading lithium metal batteries with in-situ polymerized electrolyte featuring gradient molar mass

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第4期103卷 383-392页

作者： Mengjun Sun Zhi Wang Zhe Sheng Xiang Zhen Juhui Jiang Xiaobing Wang Jia Xie School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Normal UniversityXinxiang 453007HenanChina State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074HubeiChina

In-situ polymerized solid-state lithium metal batteries have garnered significant attention due to their conformal interface contact and continuous pathways for lithium ion(Li~+)***,their electrochemical performance is often hindered by slow Li~+transport within high-area-loading *** study presents an in-situ poly(ε-caprolactone)electrolyte with gradient molar mass(iGPCE)through lithium metal anode(LMA)-induced anionic ring-opening *** electrochemical and kinetic analyses reveal that the iGPCE,characterized by low molar mass(M),significantly enhances Li~+diffusion within high-area-loading cathodes and bulk electrolytes,thereby reducing concentration polarization and promoting uniform electrochemical ***,the high M region on LMA side acts as artificial solid electrolyte interphases,stabilizing the stripping and plating of ***,Li//LFP(20 mg cm^(-2))and Li//NCM622(7.4 mg cm^(-2))utilizing iGPCE exhibit stable charge/discharge *** study offers a fresh approach to accelerate Li~+diffusion kinetics of high-area-loading batteries and suggests broad applicability in other systems.

关键词： Gradient molar mass High-area-loading cathode In-situ polymerization Fast Li~+transport kinetics Lithium metal batteries

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