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Minimum Steady-state Fault Current of GridForming Inverters With Virtual Impedance-Based Current Limiting Caused by Active Power Control

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IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 2025年

作者： Liu, Tao Shi, Xiaojie Yan, Jianan Wang, Zhiqiang Yin, Tianxiang Lin, Lei State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Wuhan430074 China Imperial College London Energy Futures Lab Control and Power Group Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department LondonSW7 2AZ United Kingdom

Fault current limiting based on virtual impedance (VI) has been widely utilized in grid-forming (GFM) inverters. The VI magnitude is generally designed to its maximum value under the worst case, which reduces the point of common coupling (PCC) voltage magnitude to limit the steady-state fault current. However, this letter reveals that due to the constraints imposed by the active power control during the steady state, as the PCC voltage magnitude decreases, its phase angle increases, which has been ignored. The opposite effects of VI on the PCC voltage magnitude and phase angle lead to a minimum steady-state fault current that is independent of VI. During severe grid voltage sags, this minimum steady-state fault current can exceed the current limit, making the effective fault current limiting impossible by using VI alone. This finding provides new insights into the steady-state analysis and control optimization of GFM inverters. Experimental results validate the theoretical findings. © 1986-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Grid-forming control minimum steady-state fault current virtual impedance (VI)- based current limiting

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Achieving enhanced thermoelectric and mechanical performance in p-type bismuth telluride through constrained hot deformation

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Ceramics International 2025年

作者： Chen, Quansheng Ji, Chen Yu, Jian Hua, Lin Zhao, Wenyu State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan430070 China School of Automotive Engineering Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan430070 China School of Materials Science and Engineering Jiujiang University Jiujiang332005 China Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Automobile Components Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan430070 China

Bi2Te3-based alloys remain the only commercially available thermoelectric (TE) materials. However, their practical applications are severely constrained by the inferior mechanical performance of the zone melting (ZM) ingot. Herein, a simple constrained hot deformation (CHD) technology was developed to prepare the p-type Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 polycrystalline materials derived from ZM ingots. It was discovered that the deformation process has negligible impact on the phase composition, but can efficiently refine the grains to approximately 5 μm through the dynamic recrystallization and simultaneously introduce high-density dislocations. Although the donor-like effect induced by deformation would obviously deteriorate the electrical conductivity, the recovery effect triggered by high deformation temperature can effectively optimize the carrier concentration and thus alleviate the degradation of power factor. The material deformed at 773 K maintains a relatively high power factor ∼3.33 mW K−2 m−1 at 300 K, together with a significantly decreased lattice thermal conductivity ∼0.59 W m−1 K−1, and an improved zT ∼1.1 was obtained ultimately. More importantly, the deformed materials show a significant improvement in mechanical performance due to the grain refinement. A maximum average Vickers hardness of 0.67 GPa was achieved for the material deformed at 723 K, which is ∼40 % higher than that of the ZM ingot. Our work indicates the simple CHD is an efficient technology to synergistically enhance both TE and mechanical properties of Bi2Te3-based ZM ingot. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l.

关键词： Polycrystalline materials

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Advances in Metal Halide Perovskite Scintillators for X-Ray Detection

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第1期17卷 1-38页

作者： Wang, Ting Zeng, Guoqiang Yang, Yang Michael Yang, Zhi Wang, Tianchi Li, Hao Han, Lulu Yu, Xue Xu, Xuhui Ouyang, Xiaoping College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Nuclear Technology Key Laboratory of Earth Science Chengdu University of Technology Chengdu610059 China State Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology Xi’an710024 China Nuclear Technology Key Laboratory of Earth Science Chengdu University of Technology Chengdu610059 China Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Yunnan Province Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming650093 China Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education Laboratory of Zhongyuan Light School of Physics Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou450051 China State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation Institute for Advanced Photonics College of Optical Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China School of Mechanical Engineering Institute for Advanced Materials Chengdu University Chengdu610106 China

The review highlights recent advancements in enhancing the intrinsic physical properties of metal halide perovskite scintillators, such as improving light yield and response times, to improve their X-ray detection performance. It discusses innovative engineering strategies to effectively optimize radioluminescent light management for high-resolution X-ray imaging. The problems encountered in the application of metal halides perovskites materials for X-ray detection are summarized, and the potential development direction in the future is prospected. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Scintillation counters

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Boosting Ion Conduction and Moisture Stability Through Zn2+ Substitution of Chloride Electrolytes for All-Solid-state Lithium Batteries

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advanced Energy Materials 2025年第0期

作者： Lei, Peng Wu, Gang Liu, Hong Qi, Xiang Wu, Meng Li, Dabing Li, Yang Gao, Lei Nan, Ce-Wen Fan, Li-Zhen Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Materials and Technologies Institute of Advanced Materials and Technology University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing100083 China State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing School of Materials Science and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China

The recently emerged chloride solid electrolytes have garnered significant attention due to their superior ionic conductivity, wide electrochemical stability window, and exceptional compatibility with high-voltage oxide cathodes. Nevertheless, the currently cost-effective Zr-based chloride solid electrolytes face significant challenges, including low ionic conductivity and poor moisture stability. Herein, a versatile Zn2+-doped Zr-based chloride electrolyte is presented, designed to meet the aforementioned requirements. The optimized Li2.4Zr0.8Zn0.2Cl6 exhibits an improved ionic conductivity of 1.13 mS cm−1 at 30 °C. Simultaneously, the Li2.4Zr0.8Zn0.2Cl6 also demonstrates impressive moisture stability, maintaining its structural integrity after exposure to humid air. The mechanism underlying the enhanced moisture stability of Li2.4Zr0.8Zn0.2Cl6 is further elucidated by density functional theory calculations. Most notably, whether coupled with LiCoO2 or LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 cathodes, Li2.4Zr0.8Zn0.2Cl6-based all-solid-state batteries demonstrate exceptional cycling stability and rate performance. This high ionic conduction and moisture-resistant chloride electrolyte holds great promise for significantly advancing the commercialization of all-solid-state lithium batteries. © 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

关键词： Solid-state Batteries

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Correction: Boron-dependent microstructural evolution, thermal stability, and crystallization of mechanical alloying derived SiBCN

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Journal of the American Ceramic Society 2025年

作者： Li, Daxin Yang, Zhihua Jia, Dechang Cai, Delong Wang, Shengjin Chen, Qingqing Zhou, Yu Yu, Dongli Tian, Yongjun Institute for Advanced Ceramics School of Materials Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology Yanshan University Qinhuangdao China

In this paper, the amorphous boron-rich SiBCN powders were prepared by high-energy ball-milling of the mixtures of inorganic Si, graphite, h-BN, and boron. The solid-state amorphization, thermal stability, and crystallization of the resulting SiBCN powders were studied in detail. Results showed that mechanical alloying can drive solid-state amorphization but also can be an initiation step for the nucleation of few SiC nanocrystals. The amorphous networks containing Si-C, C-B, C-C, C-N, BN, and C-B-N bonds are detected;however, solid-state NMR further confirms the formation of a new chemical environment around B atoms, BC3. The increases in boron content improve the thermal stability of SiBCN ceramics but weaken their oxidation resistance. Nano-SiC crystallizes first while BN(C) forms subsequently. Increasing boron content promoting SiC crystallization may result from the reduced hindering effects of B-N-C nanodomains that retard SiC crystallization. © 2025 The American Ceramic Society.

关键词： amorphous crystals/crystallization mechano-chemical synthesis microstructure SiBCN

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Effect of ultrasonic power on the morphology evolution of wedge bonded interface between Al and Cu wires

Effect of ultrasonic power on the morphology evolution of we...

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Chinese Materials Conference 2024, CMC 2024

作者： Zhang, Yulin Cao, Ruijun Liang, Qiushi Zhang, Shuohang State Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials for Smart Sensing GRINM Group Co. Ltd. Beijing100088 China Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology Foshan528000 China GRIMAT Engineering Institute Co. Ltd. Beijing101407 China General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Beijing100088 China

The integrated circuit industry is one of the fastest growing and most competitive industries in the world today, and it is the core industry of the electronics industry. From the perspective of the entire industrial structure, integrated circuit semiconductor manufacturing is mainly divided into chip manufacturing and packaging testing. In the field of integrated circuit packaging, wire bonding has become the most commonly used technology in the field of micro-connection. In order to solve the problem of insufficient consistency and reliability of solder joint morphology during bonding, aluminum wire and copper wire were bonded on pure aluminum and pure copper substrates under different process parameters. The reliability of the bonding point was tested by destructive tensile test. Combined with scanning electron microscopy, white light interferometer, metallographic microscope and other analytical testing methods, the morphology observation and composition analysis of the bonding interface after failure were carried out to explore the failure mechanism of the bonding joint. The results show that the vast majority of the bonding point dimensions and the average pull-off force increase with the increase of the ultrasonic power level, but the 15 mil Al-Cu experimental group produces a large fluctuation in the average pull-off force with the increase of the ultrasonic power, which is very unstable. © 2025 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.

关键词： Chip scale packages

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Scaled-up 2D solid-state laser array

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Optics Letters 2025年第8期50卷 2679-2682页

作者： Zhang, Nihui Shan, Zhenjiao Meng, Fansheng Xin, Di Wang, Hai Fu, Ting Qi, Aiyi Qu, Hongwei Zhou, Xuyan Zheng, Wanhua Zhang, Hongbo The Laboratory of Solid State Optoelectronics Information Technology Institute of Semiconductors Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100083 China The Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing101408 China The School of Optoelectronics University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing101408 China The School of Physics and Physical Engineering Qufu Normal University Jining273165 China The Weifang Academy of Advanced Opto-Electronic Circuits Weifang261000 China The State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics Institute of Semiconductors Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100083 China

The inherent trade-off between high-power and high beam quality has long been a critical technological challenge for high-power vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs), fundamentally limiting their direct application, especially in remote large area irradiation and detection. Here, a compact and efficient two-dimensional (2D) laser array based on a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) array is proposed and demonstrated. By employing a highly doped Nd:YVO4 crystal and a specialized cavity to compensate thermal lensing effect, the laser array achieves a 1 μm wavelength, 4.7mJ pulse energy, 52% optical-tooptical (O-O) conversion efficiency, and a brightness of 1.27 kW cm-2 sr-1, which is three orders higher than that of the 808nm VCSEL array (5.9W cm-2 sr-1). The beam quality factors (M2) of individual emitters were 1.41 and 1.48 in the X and Y directions, respectively. Additionally, the laser power scales with the array size, demonstrating the potential for innovative photonics applications. © 2025 Optica Publishing Group.

关键词： Surface emitting lasers

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Direct Photolithography of WO_(x) Nanoparticles for High‑Resolution Non‑Emissive Displays

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第3期17卷 297-309页

作者： Chang Gu Guojian Yang Wenxuan Wang Aiyan Shi Wenjuan Fang Lei Qian Xiaofei Hu Ting Zhang Chaoyu Xiang Yu‑Mo Zhang Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Technology and Devices Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingbo 315201People’s Republic of China Hangzhou Bay Laboratory of Advanced Nano‑Optoelectronic Materials and Devices Qianwan Institute of CNITECHNingbo 315336People’s Republic of China Smart Materials for Architecture Research Lab Innovation Center of Yangtze River DeltaZhejiang UniversityJiaxing 314100People’s Republic of China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026People’s Republic of China State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchun 130012People’s Republic of China

High-resolution non-emissive displays based on electrochromic tungsten oxides(WOx)are crucial for future near-eye virtual/augmented reality interactions,given their impressive attributes such as high environmental stability,ideal outdoor readability,and low energy ***,the limited intrinsic structure of inorganic materials has presented a significant challenge in achieving precise patterning/pixelation at the micron ***,we successfully developed the direct photolithography for WOx nanoparticles based on in situ photo-induced ligand *** strategy enabled us to achieve ultra-high resolution efficiently(line width<4μm,the best resolution for reported inorganic electrochromic materials).Additionally,the resulting device exhibited impressive electrochromic performance,such as fast response(<1 s at 0 V),high coloration efficiency(119.5 cm^(2) C^(−1)),good optical modulation(55.9%),and durability(>3600 cycles),as well as promising applications in electronic logos,pixelated displays,flexible electronics,*** success and advancements presented here are expected to inspire and accelerate research and development(R&D)in high-resolution non-emissive displays and other ultra-fine micro-electronics.

关键词： Electrochromic Direct photolithography WOx nanoparticles In situ photo-induced ligand exchange High-resolution displays

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Structural evolution and crystallization kinetics of Fe-based amorphous alloys under ultrasonic vibrations treatment

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Journal of Alloys and Compounds 2025年 1030卷

作者： Qin, Zhi You, Shiyue Zhang, Tong Yin, Fei Zhou, Jing Shen, Jie Jin, Wei Chen, Wen State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing School of Materials Science and Engineering Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan430070 China School of Automotive Engineering Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan430070 China State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures School of Materials Science and Engineering Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan430070 China Hubei Longzhong Laboratory Xiangyang441000 China

Fe-based amorphous alloys are widely used in various fields such as filters, low-frequency mechanical antennas, and wastewater treatment due to their unique soft magnetic properties and band structure. Currently, several surface treatment methods, including such as high-temperature autoclave processing, high-energy particle irradiation, pulsed laser treatment, and dynamic mechanical relaxation are employed to optimize the structure and enhance the performance of Fe-based amorphous alloys. Ultrasonic vibration treatment (UVT) has gained attention for its concentrated and rapid energy application, often used as an assisted method for laser treatments. In this paper, UVT was applied directly to the amorphous alloys, with the total energy input controlled by varying the UVT time. The results of X-ray diffraction and pair distribution function from selected area electron diffraction of TEM indicate that UVT can finely tune and restore the structure of Fe-based amorphous alloys by facilitating the interconversion between bcc and fcc/rcp units according to the two-structure model. Additionally, the influence of UVT on the crystallization kinetics of the amorphous alloys was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The Mu-10s has the most bcc units and the highest activation energies among the samples. It was found that UVT primarily affects the crystal growth stage and does not influence the 'instantaneous nucleation - low-dimensional growth' crystallization process, which influences the soft magnetic and magnetostrictive properties of Fe-based amorphous alloys. The measured structural, thermal, and magnetic parameters of the Mu-240s show a tendency to recover toward those of the initial stage. The fine-tuning and recovery of the structure of Fe-based amorphous alloys through UVT can provide valuable control strategies for the practical applications. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Ultrasonic testing

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Cyclic stability of superelasticity in a Ti-Zr-Hf-Ni-Co-Cu high entropy shape memory alloy

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Materials Letters 2025年 394卷

作者： Liu, Guijun Huang, Lian Cong, Daoyong State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing100083 China Department of Mechanical Engineering Hunan Institute of Engineering Xiangtan411101 China

Structural and functional fatigue of shape memory alloys (SMAs) is of vital importance for their practical applications, but the fatigue of high entropy SMAs (HESMAs) has seldom been investigated. Here we developed a Ti31Zr5Hf14Ni32Co4Cu14 HESMA with exceptional fatigue performance. This HESMA exhibits stable superelasticity with a recoverable strain of 3.1 % over 10,000 loading–unloading cycles at 25°C. It also demonstrates excellent cyclic stability of superelasticity during 1,000 loading–unloading cycles at 100°C. Furthermore, a stable elastocaloric effect with adiabatic temperature change of 11.5°C over 10,000 loading–unloading cycles at 25°C was also obtained. The excellent cyclic stability could be attributed to the high yield strength resulting from severe lattice distortion in high entropy alloys and the presence of second phase particles that may reduce the stress hysteresis. This work is instructive for the development of HESMAs with a long fatigue life. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Ternary alloys

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