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PandaX-xT——A deep underground multi-ten-tonne liquid xenon observatory

Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第2期68卷 105-120页

作者： Abdusalam Abdukerim Zihao Bo Wei Chen Xun Chen Chen Cheng Zhaokan Cheng Xiangyi Cui Yingjie Fan Deqing Fang Lisheng Geng Karl Giboni Linhui Gu Xunan Guo Xuyuan Guo Zhichao Guo Chencheng Han Ke Han Changda He Jinrong He Di Huang Junting Huang Zhou Huang Ruquan Hou Yu Hou Xiangdong Ji Yonglin Ju Chenxiang Li Jiafu Li Mingchuan Li Shuaijie Li Tao Li Qing Lin Jianglai Liu Congcong Lu Xiaoying Lu Lingyin Luo Yunyang Luo Wenbo Ma Yugang Ma Yajun Mao Yue Meng Xuyang Ning Binyu Pang Ningchun Qi Zhicheng Qian Xiangxiang Ren Nasir Shaheed Xiaofeng Shang Xiyuan Shao Guofang Shen Lin Si Wenliang Sun Yi Tao Anqing Wang Meng Wang Qiuhong Wang Shaobo Wang Siguang Wang Wei Wang Xiuli Wang Xu Wang Zhou Wang Yuehuan Wei Mengmeng Wu Weihao Wu Yuan Wu Mengjiao Xiao Xiang Xiao Binbin Yan Xiyu Yan Yong Yang Chunxu Yu Ying Yuan Zhe Yuan Youhui Yun Xinning Zeng Minzhen Zhang Peng Zhang Shibo Zhang Shu Zhang Tao Zhang Wei Zhang Yang Zhang Yingxin Zhang Yuanyuan Zhang Li Zhao Jifang Zhou Ning Zhou Xiaopeng Zhou Yong Zhou Yubo Zhou Zhizhen Zhou New Cornerstone Science Laboratory Tsung-Dao Lee InstituteShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityKey Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology(MoE)Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and CosmologyShanghai 200240China Shanghai Jiao Tong University Sichuan Research Institute Chengdu 610213China School of Physics Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China Department of Physics Yantai UniversityYantai 264005China Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application(MOE) Institute of Modern PhysicsFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China School of Physics Beihang UniversityBeijing 102206China Peng Huanwu Collaborative Center for Research and Education Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Materials and Physics Beihang UniversityBeijing 102206China Southern Center for Nuclear-Science Theory(SCNT) Institute of Modern PhysicsChinesen Academy of SciencesHuizhou 516000China Yalong River Hydropower Development Company Ltd.Chengdu 610051China School of Mechanical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Department of Physics University of MarylandCollege ParkMaryland 20742USA State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Department of Modern Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Research Center for Particle Science and Technology Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary ScienceShandong UniversityQingdao 266237China Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation of Ministry of Education Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology School of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China School of Physics Nankai UniversityTianjin 300071China SJTU Paris Elite I

We propose a major upgrade to the existing PandaX-4T experiment at the China Jinping Underground *** new experiment,PandaX-xT,will be a multi-ten-tonne liquid xenon,ultra-low background,and general-purpose *** full-scaled PandaX-xT contains a 43-t liquid xenon active *** an experiment will significantly advance our fundamental understanding of particle physics and *** sensitivity of dark matter direct detection will be improved by nearly two orders of magnitude compared to the current best limits,approaching the so-called“neutrino floor”for a dark matter mass above 10 GeV/c^(2),providing a key test to the Weakly Interacting Massive Particle *** searching for the neutrinoless double beta decay of^(136)Xe isotope in the detector,the effective Majorana neutrino mass can be measured to a 10-41 meV/c^(2) sensitivity,providing a key test to the Dirac/Majorana nature of *** neutrinos and other ultra-rare interactions can also be measured and searched for with an unprecedented background level,opening up new windows of *** on the findings,PandaX-xT will seek the next stage upgrade utilizing isotopic separation of natural xenon.

关键词： dark matter neutrino less double beta decay astrophysical neutrinos liquid xenon

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Core-shell structured BN/SiO_(2)nanofiber membrane featuring with dual-effect thermal management and flame retardancy for extreme space thermal protection

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Science Bulletin 2025年第5期70卷 722-732页

作者： Duo Pan Ziyuan Han Junting Lei Yutao Niu Hu Liu Sunmi Shin Chuntai Liu Zhanhu Guo State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis Optimization and CAE Software for Industrial EquipmentNational Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing TechnologyZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems Advanced Materials DivisionSuzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-BionicsChinese Academy of SciencesSuzhou 215123China Department of Mechanical Engineering College of Design and EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117575Singapore Mechanical and Construction Engineering Faculty of Engineering and EnvironmentNorthumbria UniversityNewcastle Upon TyneNE18STUK

With the rapid progress of aerospace frontier engineering,the extreme space thermal environment has brought severe challenges to astronauts’space suits,putting forward higher requirements for thermal protection *** this basis,a unique core-shell structured hexagonal boron nitride(h-BN)/silicon dioxide(SiO_(2))nanofiber membrane(HS)was prepared using the coaxial electrospinning method,of which both the thermal insulation SiO_(2)nanofiber cortex and the passive radiation cooling(PRC)h-BN nanofiber core make it a promising dual-effect thermal management ***,when the amount of h-BN is 0.9 g,the resultant HS(HS0.9)exhibits astonishing low thermal conductivity of 0.026 W m−1 K−1 and high reflectivity and emissivity of exceeding 90%over an extremely wide *** expected dual-effect thermal management performance enables the HS to have an ideal cooling effect under both high sunlight intensity and strong light *** addition,HS also shows excellent flame retardant performance arising from the excellent high-temperature stability of h-BN and SiO_(2).What is more,the tensile strength of HS0.9 was also significantly increased from 0.42 to 7.2 MPa by encapsulating polyimide through vacuum ***,the research results of this work provide innovative highlights for high-temperature protection in daily life and even extreme space environments.

关键词： h-BN/SiO_(2)nanofiber membrane Core-shell structure Passive radiative cooling Thermal insulation Flame retardancy

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Design, Test and Shimming of a 1.5 T Head-Only MRI Superconducting Magnet

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IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 2025年

作者： Song, Yunxing Cheng, Zhiwen Jiang, Xunhuang Li, Jianglan Li, Liang Wang, Qiuliang Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center Wuhan430074 China Huazhong University of Science and Technology State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology Wuhan430074 China Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Electrical Engineering Beijing100190 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China

As the core component of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system, superconducting magnet provides a high-intensity, stable and homogeneous magnetic field background for the system. The strength, stability, and homogeneity of the magnetic field directly affect the imaging quality of MRI. This paper presents the design, test and shimming of a 1.5 T Head-Only MRI superconducting magnet developed by the Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center (WHMFC). The magnet consists of 7 primary coils and 2 shielding coils and is operated at an operating current of 510 A using liquid helium (LHe) bath cooling. The test has shown that the magnet reached the target field of 1.5 T directly after the first ramp-up without any quench. Under the magnetic field of 1.5 T, the magnetic field decay rate of the magnet is less than 0.02 ppm/hr. After 3 rounds of passive shimming, the magnet achieves a magnetic field inhomogeneity of 2.89 ppm over an imaging sphere within a diameter of 26 cm. The successful development of this magnet provides practical engineering validation for the lightweight technology of head-only MRI superconducting magnets. © 2002-2011 IEEE.

关键词： Superconducting magnets

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Multi-responsive circularly polarized luminescence micro-patterns with high figure of merit towards multi-dimensional data encoding

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Chemical engineering Journal 2025年 505卷

作者： Wen, Li Yang, Peng Mo, Shunpin Wang, Di Sheng, Nana Xu, Xiangxiang Zhang, Hongli Lu, Hongbo Zou, Gang State Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry University of Science and Technology of China Anhui Hefei230026 China Suzhou Laboratory Jiangsu Suzhou215000 China National Engineering Laboratory of Special Display Technology State Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Technology Special Display and Imaging Innovation Center of Anhui Province Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology Hefei University of Technology Anhui Hefei230022 China

Circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) materials are emerging as promising tools for multi-dimensional data encoding due to their inherent chiroptical information dimension, facile reading and reduced cost. In classic cholesteric liquid crystal (LC) systems, a giant dissymmetry factor of CPL (glum > 1.2) can be achieved based on the selective transmission mechanism, however, this comes with a nearly 50 % loss in luminescence efficiency (φ), resulting in lower figure of merit (FOM). Developing novel CPL materials with high glum and FOM values, multi-responsivity, and arbitrary patterning ability is crucial for meeting the demands of practical applications. Herein, we proposed a general twisted-stacking strategy to break the bottleneck for CPL materials and unexpectedly achieving 95 % luminescence efficiency, glum of 1.28 and high FOM value up to 1.22, much higher than most reported CPL systems. The bottom-layer photo-polymerizable nematic liquid crystal (NLC) endows not only excellent polarized luminescence with multi-responsivity but also arbitrary patterning capabilities. Simultaneously, the top-layer transparent oriented poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) layer serves as the phase retardation, resulting in the generation of CPL with a high glum, while φ is preserved without diminishing. By applying external light, voltage and heat, the CPL signal within the micropatterns can be precisely regulated, allowing for the implementation of high-level anti-counterfeiting and multi-dimensional information encryption. © 2025

关键词： Nematic liquid crystals

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Reversing the natural ageing for optimal age-hardening response and ductility in Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Zn alloys

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Journal of Alloys and Compounds 2025年 1030卷

作者： Zhu, Liang Li, Kun Chen, Qihang He, Jianhao Yang, Xinsheng Zhang, Zhen He, Siliang Guo, Mingxing Zhang, Jishan College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering Chongqing University Chongqing400044 China Chongqing Key Laboratory of High-Performance Structural Additive Manufacturing Chongqing University Chongqing400044 China State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission for Advanced Equipment Chongqing University Chongqing400044 China State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing100083 China

Age-hardening aluminum alloys gain excellent strength by nano-precipitates, but usually face the dilemma of low age-hardening response and drastic loss of ductility. In this study, a multi-stage pre-treatment has been innovatively designed to control solute clustering in Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Zn alloy, so as to fully exploit its age-hardening potential, and the related mechanism has been systematically studied. The findings indicate that natural ageing tends to suppress the subsequent isothermal ageing process for Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Zn alloys. However, the strategic application of pre-deformation prior to isothermal ageing can effectively counteract this adverse effect. Notably, dense solute clusters (especially Si-rich clusters) formed by long-term natural ageing exert a positive influence on the nucleation and growth of metastable precipitates in pre-deformed Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Zn alloy, thereby concurrently improving the age-hardening response, strength and ductility in the bake-hardening state. The experimental evidence strongly suggests that the beneficial linkage of natural ageing and pre-deformation not only reconciles the trade-off between strength and ductility, but also economically solves the constraints of natural storage. This approach is anticipated to facilitate the development of metallic alloys with superior mechanical properties by tapping the potential of solute clustering. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Aluminum alloys

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Multi-functionalized sites in metalated COFs film for chemiresistive gas sensing at room temperature

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Chemical engineering Journal 2025年 514卷

作者： Mei, Aohan Zhou, Min Zhang, Wenyuan Bao, Yunan Liu, Yueli Chen, Wen State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures School of Materials Science and Engineering Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan430070 China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing School of Materials Science and Engineering Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan430070 China Wuhan Brilliant Tech Co. Ltd. Wuhan430205 China

Post-synthetic modification of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) has attracted much attention due to its simple introduction of metals and functional groups as active sites for diverse applications. However, the charge transport improvement and the functions of active sites in metalated COFs are so far ignored in gas sensors. Herein, Zn2+ is loaded on two kinds of sites on TpBpy COFs film by a simple photochemical synthesis. Zn2+ coordination improves the NH3 sensitivity by increasing the charge density and adsorption of ammonia molecules. DFT simulation and UPS result prove that the suitable adsorption configuration and work function of Zn@TpBpy COFs film play the key role for the gas sensing behavior. The as-fabricated Zn@TpBpy COFs gas sensors exhibit high sensitivity with linear response behavior and a low detection limit of 500 ppb. By comparing Zn@TpBpy with Cu@TpBpy COFs, the electron donating coordination structure from the fully occupied 3d orbital in Zn2+ boosts the response value and sensing speed, providing a novel insight into manipulating sensing behavior of metalated COFs films. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Chemical sensors

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Reconfigurable organic ambipolar optoelectronic synaptic transistor for information security access

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Journal of Semiconductors 2025年第2期46卷 133-142页

作者： Xinqi Ma Wenbin Zhang Qi Zheng Wenbiao Niu Zherui Zhao Kui Zhou Meng Zhang Shuangmei Xue Liangchao Guo Yan Yan Guanglong Ding Suting Han Vellaisamy A.L.Roy Ye Zhou State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Institute for Advanced Study Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Zhuhai Construction Quality Supervision and Inspection Station Zhuhai 519015China College of Electronics and Information Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China College of Mechanical Engineering Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225127China Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomHong Kong SARChina School of Science and Technology Hong Kong Metropolitan UniversityHo Man TinHong KongChina

In this data explosion era,ensuring the secure storage,access,and transmission of information is imperative,encom-passing all aspects ranging from safeguarding personal devices to formulating national information security ***-ing the potential offered by dual-type carriers for transportation and employing optical modulation techniques to develop high reconfigurable ambipolar optoelectronic transistors enables effective implementation of information destruction after read-ing,thereby guaranteeing data *** this study,a reconfigurable ambipolar optoelectronic synaptic transistor based on poly(3-hexylthiophene)(P3HT)and poly[[N,N-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-napthalene-1,4,5,8-bis(dicarboximide)-2,6-diyl]-alt-5,5′-(2,2′-bithiophene)](N2200)blend film was fabricated through solution-processed *** resulting transistor exhib-ited a relatively large ON/OFF ratio of 10^(3) in both n-and p-type regions,and tunable photoconductivity after light illumination,particularly with green *** photo-generated carriers could be effectively trapped under the gate bias,indicating its poten-tial application in mimicking synaptic ***,the synaptic plasticity,including volatile/non-volatile and excita-tory/inhibitory characteristics,could be finely modulated by electrical and optical *** optoelectronic reconfigurable properties enable the realization of information light assisted burn after *** study not only offers valuable insights for the advancement of high-performance ambipolar organic optoelectronic synaptic transistors but also presents innovative ideas for the future information security access systems.

关键词： reconfigurable ambipolar optoelectronic synaptic transistor light assisted burn after reading

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Inverse design of variable-thickness curved-beam structures for nonlinear mechanical signal transformation

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Thin-Walled Structures 2025年 215卷

作者： Ji, Jinyu Zhang, Kai Guo, Xiaogang Fang, Daining State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems & Center for Applied Physics and Technology College of Engineering Peking University Beijing100871 China Institute of Advanced Structure Technology Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing100081 China

This study presents a novel kind of variable-thickness curved-beam-based structure (VTCB) that significantly expands the design space for lateral displacement curves under large deformations. To efficiently and accurately achieve desired lateral displacement curves, we propose a two-step inverse design framework combining Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and the Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno (BFGS) algorithm. This method effectively navigates the high-dimensional design space, achieving optimal solutions through an initial global search followed by fine-tuning while minimizing surrogate model-induced errors. Using this approach, we realize unconventional lateral displacement curves, including multiple directional reversals, V-shaped profiles, and trigonometric function-based curves—configurations difficult to achieve with traditional methods. Furthermore, leveraging VTCB's broad performance space, we develop a customizable quasi-static mechanical signal transformer capable of various signal conversions, such as waveform transformation (e.g., converting a sine wave into a triangular wave, quasi-square wave, or pulse signal), frequency multiplication, and wave rectification by inverting or blocking specific signal components. The proposed VTCB enables advanced nonlinear displacement transformations in mechanical systems and lays the foundation for future applications in mechanical computation, programmable materials and structures, robotics, and beyond. © 2025

关键词： Curved beams and girders

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Tailoring the carbon nanofibers with Ti3C2Tx MXene as precursor to enhance the electromagnetic attenuation properties

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Materials Today Nano 2025年 30卷

作者： Chen, Pingan Hong, Sizeng Li, Xiangcheng Zhu, Yingli Chen, Fu Qiao, Mengke State Key Laboratory of Advanced Refractories Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan430081 China Key Laboratory of High Temperature Electromagnetic Materials and Structure of MOE Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan430081 China School of Information Science and Engineering Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan430081 China

Carbon nanofibers can be widely used in the field of electromagnetic wave absorption due to corrosion resistance, low density and good chemical stability. Here, we report a strategy to achieve strong microwave absorption capability by adjusting the crystallinity of carbon nanofibers containing Al2O3 and TiO2. TiO2 with Ti3C2Tx MXene as a precursor decreases the crystallization temperature of Al2O3 from 1400 °C to 800 °C in the carbon nanofibers. The diameter distribution of carbon nanofibers is uniform, though the surface of carbon nanofibers is getting rough with Ti3C2Tx content increasing. The minimum reflection loss of carbon nanofibers is −55.78 dB at a thickness of 4.32 mm;the effective absorption bandwidth reaches 5.41 GHz (12.59–18 GHz) at a thickness of 1.67 mm, almost covering the Ku band. The excellent microwave absorption performance can be attributed to the synergistic effect of the non-crystalline carbon matrix and crystalline Al2O3/TiO2, in which the former improves impedance matching with free space, while the latter enhances the attenuation capability to the electromagnetic wave. © 2025

关键词： Impedance matching (electric)

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Deep Learning Advancements in Anomaly Detection: A Comprehensive Survey

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2025年

作者： Huang, Haoqi Wang, Ping Pei, Jianhua Wang, Jiacheng Alexanian, Shahen Niyato, Dusit Lassonde School of Engineering York University TorontoONM3J 1P3 Canada State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore

The rapid expansion of data from diverse sources has made anomaly detection (AD) increasingly essential for identifying unexpected observations that may signal system failures, security breaches, or fraud. As datasets become more complex and high-dimensional, traditional detection methods struggle to effectively capture intricate patterns. Advances in deep learning have made AD methods more powerful and adaptable, improving their ability to handle high-dimensional and unstructured data. This survey provides a comprehensive review of over 180 recent studies, focusing on deep learning-based AD techniques. We categorize and analyze these methods into reconstruction-based and prediction-based approaches, highlighting their effectiveness in modeling complex data distributions. Additionally, we explore the integration of traditional and deep learning methods, highlighting how hybrid approaches combine the interpretability of traditional techniques with the flexibility of deep learning to enhance detection accuracy and model transparency. Finally, we identify open issues and propose future research directions to advance the field of AD. This review bridges gaps in existing literature and serves as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners seeking to enhance AD techniques using deep learning. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Deep reinforcement learning

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