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Important mesoscale phenomena in gas phase fluidized bed ethylene polymerization

Particuology 2020年第1期18卷 116-143页

作者： Jingyuan Sun Haotong Wang Sihang Tian Xiaoqiang Fan Qiang Shi Ying Liu Xiaobo Hu Yao Yang Jingdai Wang Yongrong Yang Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology Hangzhou 310027China College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China

Gas phase fluidized bed processes have been widely applied to polyethylene *** these processes,the flow,mass transfer,and reaction rate on the microscale and macroscale are strongly coupled because of the multiphase and multiscale nature of the fluidization *** mesoscale phenomena is therefore essential to the quantitative translation of the knowledge obtained from the microscale to the *** paper reviews the development of ethylene polymerization gas phase processes while focussing on studies regarding mesoscale *** include experimental characterizations,mathematical modelling and control *** and future developments in this field are also discussed.

关键词： Gas phase fluidized bed process Mesoscale phenomena Cloudy zone Experimental characterization Mathematical modelling Control strategy

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Enhanced Li-Ion Battery Performance Based on Multisite Oxygen Vacancies in Wo3-X@Rgo Negative Electrode

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Li, Zihao Yang, Xijia Yang, Yue Li, Xuesong Gao, Yang Wang, Liying Lü, Wei Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural Materials Ministry of Education & Advanced Institute of Materials Science School of Materials Science and Engineering Changchun University of Technology Changchun130012 China State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications Changchun Institute of Optics Fine Mechanics and Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun130033 China

While transition-metal oxides have emerged as promising candidates for lithium energy storage, several issues are remained to be addressed such as low conductivity, rate performance, and recyclability. In this study, a three-dimensional interconnected sheet-like heterostructure of WO3-x coated with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was synthesized using the hydrothermal method. This structure significantly enhanced the conductivity of WO3-x. By combining the heterojunction with oxygen vacancies, the active sites are enlarged, promoting the effective movement of ions and electrons at the interface between the two materials. The WO3-x@rGO anode exhibits a high specific capacity of 1202.6 mAh g-1 at 0.1 A g-1, with a cycling retention rate of 96% after 100 cycles. Meanwhile, even at 1 A g-1, it still maintains a capacity of 305 mAh g-1 after 500 cycles. Theoretical calculations reveal that the presence of the composite heterogeneous structure enables WO3-x@rGO to possess appropriate adsorption energy, lower work function, and reduced barriers. This arrangement provides abundant active sites, promoting the rapid penetration of the electrolyte and enhancing the interface reaction kinetics, which is consistent with the experimental results. This study offers a new strategy for Li-ion anode materials. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Lithium-ion batteries

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Optimal Capacity Planning and Analysis of a Sustainable Solar/Wind Microgrid in Rural Areas

Optimal Capacity Planning and Analysis of a Sustainable Sola...

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IEEE Green Technologies Conference (IEEE-Green)

作者： Zia Ullah Shaorong Wang Mohamed R. Elkadeem Kotb M. Kotb State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China Electrical Power and Machines Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Tanta University Tanta Egypt

Conventional power systems are generally not efficient, economical, and environmentally friendly due to the primary energy demand met by fossil fuels. It is imperative to design efficient and sustainable systems considering hybrid renewable energy sources; however, integrating RES into the system poses design and integration challenges. This paper proposes an optimal planning and analysis approach for the hybrid solar/wind microgrid system integrated with battery energy storage to maximize the technical, cost, and environmental benefits. The system modelling and simulation are implemented using HOMER Pro optimizer with a representative case study to supply rural residential households in Pakistan. We evaluated the proposed system’s performance and analyzed the penetration of renewable generation using real-time meteorological data. Moreover, multiple cases and scenarios were considered, compared, and investigated to prove the effectiveness and relevance of the proposed hybrid energy system. The simulation results and detailed comparisons show the proposed 100% renewable-based microgrid applicability and relevance to meet the load requirement at the lowest total net present cost ($226476.1) and energy costs (0.3523$/kWh), which were found to be 59.51% and 59.47% less than the diesel system.

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Solvent engineering towards scalable fabrication of high-quality perovskite films for efficient solar modules

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2023年第5期80卷 689-710,I0015页

作者： Zhaoyi Jiang Binkai Wang Wenjun Zhang Zhichun Yang Mengjie Li Fumeng Ren Tahir Imran Zhenxing Sun Shasha Zhang Yiqiang Zhang Zhiguo Zhao Zonghao Liu Wei Chen Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics(WNLO) Huazhong University of Science and Technology(HUST)Wuhan 430074HubeiChina China-EU Institute for Clean and Renewable Energy(ICARE) Huazhong University of Science and Technology(HUST)Wuhan 430074HubeiChina State Key Lab of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices Institute of Laser SpectroscopyShanxi UniversityTaiyuan 030006ShanxiChina Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics Shanxi UniversityTaiyuan 030006ShanxiChina Huaneng Clean Energy Research Institute BeijingChina School of Materials Science and Engineering&Henan Institute of Advanced Technology Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001HenanChina

Over the last decade,remarkable progress has been made in metal halide perovskite solar cells(PSCs),which have been a focus of emerging photovoltaic techniques and show great potential for ***,the upscaling of small-area PSCs to large-area solar modules to meet the demands of practical applications remains a significant *** scalable production of high-quality perovskite films by a simple,reproducible process is crucial for resolving this ***,the crystallization behavior in the solution-processed fabrication of perovskite films can be strongly influenced by the physicochemical properties of the precursor inks,which are significantly affected by the employed solvents and their interactions with the ***,a comprehensive understanding of solvent engineering for fabricating perovskite films over large areas is urgently *** this paper,we first analyze the role of solvents in the solution-processed fabrication of large-area perovskite films based on the classical crystal nucleation and growth *** efforts in solvent engineering to improve the quality of perovskite films for solar modules are ***,the basic principles and future challenges of solvent system design for scalable fabrication of high-quality perovskite films for efficient solar modules are proposed.

关键词： Solvent engineering Scalable fabrication Perovskite film Solar cell Module

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A new catalyst for urea oxidation: NiCo2S4 nanowires modified 3D carbon sponge

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2020年第11期29卷 195-205页

作者： Biaopeng Li Congying Song Jianjun Rong Jing Zhao Hong-En Wang Ping Yang Ke Ye Kui Cheng Kai Zhu Jun Yan Dianxue Cao Guiling Wang Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education College of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Engineering UniversityHarbin 150001HeilongjiangChina State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070HubeiChina

Urea oxidation is a significant reaction for utilizing urea-rich wastewater or human urine as sustainable power sources which can ease the water eutrophication while generate electricity. A direct urea-hydrogen peroxide fuel cell is a new kind of fuel cell employing urea as fuel and hydrogen peroxide as oxidant which possesses a larger cell voltage. Herein, this work tries to promote the kinetics process of urea oxidation by preparing low-cost and high-efficient NiCo2S4 nanowires modified carbon sponge electrode. The carbon sponge used in this work with a similar three-dimensional multi-channel structure to Ni foam, is prepared by carbonizing recycled polyurethane sponge which is also a process of recycling waste. The performance of the prepared catalyst in an alkaline solution is investigated in a three-electrode *** the introduction of Co element to the catalyst, a reduced initial urea oxidation potential and a high performance are obtained. Furthermore, a direct urea-hydrogen peroxide fuel cell is assembled using the NiCo2S4 nanowires modified carbon sponge anode. Results indicate that the prepared catalyst provides a chance to solve the current problems that hinder the development of urea electrooxidation(high initial urea oxidation potential, low performance, and high electrode costs).

关键词： Carbon sponge Direct urea fuel cell Electrocatalyst NiCo2S4 nanowires Urea oxidation

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β-relaxation anomaly with low modulus and enhanced recoverable strain in strain glasses crossover

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Acta Materialia 2025年 286卷

作者： Liang, Chuanxin Wang, Dong Ji, Yuanchao Zhang, Jian Ren, Xiaobing Wang, Yunzhi Center of Microstructure Science Frontier Institute of Science and Technology State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China Frontier Institute of Science and Technology MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Food Manufacturing Equipment and Technology School of Mechanical Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi214122 China Ferroic Physics Group National Institute for Materials Science Ibaraki Tsukuba305-0047 Japan Department of Materials Science and Engineering The Ohio State University 2041 College Road ColumbusOH43210 United States

The β-relaxation phenomenon in glasses has shown important effects on toughness, ductility, and creep. However, such a β-relaxation has not been reported yet in an important class of glassy materials, ferroic glasses. Here, we report the existence of a β-relaxation anomaly and its physical origin in strain glass systems by combining molecular statics calculation and phase field simulation. The resolved β-relaxation is observed below the strain glass transition temperature at a critical composition accompanied with spontaneous strain glass to normal martensitic phase transformation, and the internal friction for this β-relaxation anomaly fits well with the Arrhenius equation. The superelasticity with β-relaxation has shown low modulus with high recoverable strain over a wide temperature range. Calculated microstructural evolution and the local stress field caused by point defects suggest that the formed percolation-like metastable suppression field under cooling could be the physical origin of the β-relaxation in strain glass systems and is correlated with crystallization. © 2024 Acta Materialia Inc.

关键词： Point defects

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Molecular fingerprinting of dissolved organic matter during coagulation pretreatment of real textile printing and dyeing wastewater

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Journal of Environmental Management 2025年 387卷 125933页

作者： Feng, Hualiang Huang, Zhangzhang Zhang, Zhaoji State Key Laboratory of Advanced Environmental Technology Institute of Urban Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen361021 China CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun Ningbo315830 China School of Environmental and Material Engineering Yantai University Yantai264005 China

The patterns and mechanisms of organic matter removal during coagulation treatment of textile printing and dyeing wastewater (TPDW) with different coagulants are not yet well understood. This study investigated the effects of coagulants on the pretreatment of real TPDW under varying pH and dosage conditions in single or dual coagulation systems. It focused on analyzing the molecular characteristics of organic compounds during coagulation treatment with ferric chloride (FeCl3), polyaluminum chloride (PAC), and a combination of FeCl3 and polyacrylamide (PAM) (FeCl3 + PAM), using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. The results revealed that the organic molecules removed by these coagulation systems were largely similar, particularly FeCl3 and FeCl3 + PAM, consisting mainly of CHOS and CHON compounds with mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) 300–600, and containing more carboxyl groups. These molecules exhibited higher values of H/C, O/C, m/z, nominal oxidation state of carbon (NOSC), and lower values of modified aromaticity index (AImod) and (double-bond equivalent (DBE)-O)/C, compared to those not removed. However, PAC removed CHO compounds with higher values of m/z, AImod, (DBE-O)/C, and lower NOSC, compared to FeCl3 or FeCl3 + PAM. Zeta potential and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses indicated that the mechanisms for organic matter removal include charge neutralization and bridge adsorption. FeCl3 + PAM may be the most cost-effective choice. This study provides molecular-level insights into the removal of organic matter during coagulation treatment of real TPDW, enabling more effective control of its organic pollutants. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

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Floquet dynamics of the Rabi model beyond the counter-rotating hybridized rotating-wave method

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Physical Review A 2024年第5期109卷 053704-053704页

作者： Yingying Han Shuanghao Zhang Meijuan Zhang Q. Guan Wenxian Zhang Weidong Li Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultraintense Laser and Advanced Material Technology Center for Intense Laser Application Technology and College of Engineering Physics Shenzhen Technology University Shenzhen 518118 China Institute of Theoretical Physics Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China Department of Physics and Astronomy Washington State University Pullman Washington 99164-2814 USA Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 China

Monochromatically driven two-level systems (i.e., Rabi models) are ubiquitous in various fields of physics. Though they have been exactly solved, the physical pictures in these exact solutions are not clear. Recently, approximate analytical solutions with neat physics have been obtained by using the counter-rotating hybridized rotating wave (CHRW) method, which has been proven to be effective over a wider range of parameters than the previous analytical solutions. However, the CHRW depends on a parameter ξ, which has no solution in some regimes. Here, we combine the double-unitary-transformation approach with the generalized Van Vleck nearly degenerate perturbation theory, and present approximate analytical results with clear physics for almost all parameter regimes, which agree well with the numerical solutions and the previous experimental results. Moreover, the dynamic frequencies of the Rabi model are regular, and the frequency with the highest Fourier amplitude changes from the Rabi frequency to 2nω with driving frequency ω and integer n, as the driving intensity increases from weak to deep-strong. In addition, we further explore the Floquet dynamics of the dissipative open Rabi model. Remarkably, the dissipations are tunable in the rotating frame, and the approximate analytical results obtained by our method are in good agreement with the numerical results in the strong driving regime. These results pave the way to quantum control using strong and deep-strong driving with applications in quantum technologies.

关键词： Atomic, optical & lattice clocks Light-matter interaction Quantum optics

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HAFormer: Unleashing the Power of Hierarchy-Aware Features for Lightweight Semantic Segmentation

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Xu, Guoan Jia, Wenjing Wu, Tao Chen, Ligeng Gao, Guangwei The Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology University of Technology Sydney SydneyNSW2007 Australia The State Key Laboratory of Novel Software Technology Nanjing University Nanjing210023 China The State Key Laboratory of Novel Software Technology Nanjing University Nanjing210023 China Honor Device Company Ltd Shenzhen518040 China The Institute of Advanced Technology Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Nanjing210023 China The Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Ministry of Education Shanghai200240 China

Both Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Transformers have shown great success in semantic segmentation tasks. Efforts have been made to integrate CNNs with Transformer models to capture both local and global context interactions. However, there is still room for enhancement, particularly when considering constraints on computational resources. In this paper, we introduce HAFormer, a model that combines the hierarchical features extraction ability of CNNs with the global dependency modeling capability of Transformers to tackle lightweight semantic segmentation challenges. Specifically, we design a Hierarchy-Aware Pixel-Excitation (HAPE) module for adaptive multi-scale local feature extraction. During the global perception modeling, we devise an Efficient Transformer (ET) module streamlining the quadratic calculations associated with traditional Transformers. Moreover, a correlation-weighted Fusion (cwF) module selectively merges diverse feature representations, significantly enhancing predictive accuracy. HAFormer achieves high performance with minimal computational overhead and compact model size, achieving 74.2% mIoU on Cityscapes and 71.1% mIoU on CamVid test datasets, with frame rates of 105FPS and 118FPS on a single 2080Ti GPU. The source codes are available at https://***/XU-GITHUB-curry/HAFormer. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Feature extraction

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Online carbon emissions auto-accounting approach in aluminum casting production

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Procedia CIRP 2024年 122卷 946-951页

作者： Zhihui Wang Jun Wu Yanan Wang Xuxia Zhang Tao Peng Weipeng Liu Renzhong Tang State Laboratory of Fluid Power Components and Mechatronic Systems School of Mechanical Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China Zhejiang Wanfeng Technology Development Co. Ltd Shengzhou 312400 China School of Engineering Hangzhou City University Hangzhou 310015 China Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology School of Mechanical Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is driving national and international strategic shift towards new generation of innovative technologies. Electric vehicle is one of these technologies that revolutionizes the global automotive industry. It also triggers a consecutive surge of aluminum castings production. However, as a key lightweight-enabling process, aluminum casting is energy-intensive and accounts for significant carbon emissions. The arriving carbon tariff further challenges overseas aluminum casting suppliers. Accurate carbon emissions accounting in aluminum casting production can support the development of product carbon label, which is an essential step for manufacturing enterprises to tackle carbon tariff. Existing carbon emissions accounting in production normally uses life cycle assessment (LCA), but in the actual production situation, the LCA-required multi-source data, including materials, process parameters, energy, quality, and etc., as these data are widely sourced, heterogeneous and complex to correlate, remain difficult to be used in the accurate carbon emissions accounting directly. This leads to low creditability of the results and low efficiency of the accounting performance. To address this issue, an online carbon emissions auto-accounting approach in aluminum casting production is proposed. First, based on the minimum data collection unit in each process, the accurate production data related to carbon emissions (CEPD) is identified and gathered using Internet of Things technology. Subsequently, the activity level data of aluminum casting is calculated through the developed mathematical model. Finally, the multi-level carbon emissions of aluminum casting can be obtained employing the emission factor method. An aluminum casting workshop that produces electric vehicle subframes is taken as a case study to implement and validate this online auto-accounting approach. It shows that the carbon emissions accounting is feasible.

关键词： Life cycle assessment Carbon emissions Alumnium casting Online accounting

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