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A review of recent research on bionic structural characteristics and performance mechanisms of biomimetic materials

Composites Part B: Engineering 2025年 304卷

作者： Haipeng, Wang Shaomin, Li Qijie, Zhou Haichun, Peng Xiaolin, Liu Zhenyu, Shao Peng, Song Key Laboratory of High-efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of MOE School of Mechanical Engineering Shandong University Jinan250061 China Institute of Aerospace Special Materials and Processing Technology HIWING Technology Academy of CASIC Beijing100074 China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Equipment and Technology for Metal Forming Shandong University Jinan250061 China Institute of Bionic and Micro-Nano Systems Beihang University Beijing100191 China Aerospace Times Feihong Technology Company Limited Beijing100094 China

Lightweight structures with high energy absorption (EA) performance are of great significance in many crucial fields. Biomimetic structural design has demonstrated an effective strategy to improve the performance of both materials and structures by incorporating the unique structural characteristics of natural organisms. This review paper provides an in-depth and comprehensive overview of some important advances in structural design to obtain novel bio-inspired structures with improved energy absorption properties. The structural designs are categorized and summarized based on the common characteristics of biomimetic structures and their bio-inspired sources, and detailedly introduced in terms of the structural configurations, manufacturing processes, analysis methods and energy absorption properties as well as the comparative analysis of performance indicators. Moreover, the application investigations of biomimetic lightweight structures across diverse engineering domains are explored. The introduction of biomimetic structural characteristics indeed significantly improved the structural energy absorption performance and crashworthiness while maintaining the similar overall weight. This phenomenon drives many researchers to devote themselves to this investigations, and continuously achieve new research results. Meanwhile, the endless variety of biological species in nature provides inexhaustible sources for biomimetic structural designs. However, most of these investigations stop at laboratory and are difficult to achieve actual applications due to their various limitations such as manufacturing processes, serviceability in specific environments, the cost of innovative materials and production, product maturity, and the feasibility and cost of mass production. In short, the biomimetic lightweight structures present great potential and broad application prospects, but there are still many challenges to the practical applications. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Structural dynamics

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Effect of the configuration and concentration of B-doping on the thermal properties and structural stability of graphene: A theoretical study

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Diamond and Related Materials 2025年 156卷

作者： Li, Dongbo Da, Liangguo Huang, Kaifeng Li, Dong Yu, Liang Wang, Haini Yu, Yaqi Wu, Long Tang, Yunqing School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Huainan Normal University Huainan232038 China Human-computer collaborative robot Joint Laboratory of Anhui Province Huainan232038 China School of Mechanical Engineering Shandong University Jinan250061 China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Equipment and Technology for Metal Forming Shandong University Jinan250061 China Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture Ministry of Education Shandong University Jinan250061 China

The thermal properties and structural stability of B-doped graphene were investigated by employing density functional theory (DFT), ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD), and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, with a focus on the effects of doping configuration and concentration. DFT calculations indicate that B-doping reduces the cohesive energy of graphene, consequently diminishing its structural stability. Among the three B double-doping configurations, only the para configuration exhibits a phonon dispersion without imaginary frequencies, whereas both meta and ortho configurations show imaginary frequencies, indicating structural instability. The AIMD results further demonstrate that B-doped graphene preferentially undergoes cleavage at B[sbnd]B bonds, leading to decreased structural stability. MD results show that B-doping significantly reduces the thermal conductivity of graphene. At a doping concentration is 0.6 %, the thermal conductivity of meta and para configurations decreases to 48.08 % and 54.6 % of that of the pristine graphene, respectively. The results of phonon properties show that B-doping reduces the phonon participation rate and induces strong phonon localization at the B-doped site. These results and conclusions will provide valuable theoretical insights for the thermal design of graphene-based semiconductor devices. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Temperature distribution

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Theoretical modelling for accurate prediction of transient rapid temperature rise variation within whole tool tip area

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Applied Thermal Engineering 2025年 278卷

作者： Lirui Zheng Jinfu Zhao Zhanqiang Liu Bing Wang Xiaoping Ren Pengyang Wang School of Mechanical Engineering Shandong University China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Equipment and Technology for Metal Forming Shandong University Jinan 250061 China Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of Ministry of Education Shandong University Jinan 250061 China Key National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education Shandong University Jinan 250061 China School of Mechanical Electrical & Information Engineering Shandong University Weihai 264209 China Faculty of Science and Technology University of Macau Macau E11 China

Cutting temperature modelling aids in the prediction of cutting tool wear. Previous studies have focused on steady state cutting temperature modelling and evaluation, neglecting the prediction performance of the temperature variation at the initial cutting stage, where the cutting temperature rises rapidly and the quasi-steady-state is reached quickly. This research develops a two-dimensional tool tip transient cutting temperature model based on the finite volume method (FVM) with a structured grid but without grid-generation computation. This model comprehensively considers nonlinear heat conduction and tool rake face jet cooling. The proposed models with different assumptions of tool flank face boundary conditions are verified by a high-speed infrared (IR) camera. The isothermal tool flank face assumption best simulates the time for the cutting temperature to reach a steady state ( t st ), with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 4.40 ms. The strong convection tool flank face assumption can predict temperature variations during the initial cutting stage, with a minimum mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 20.31 %. The influence mechanisms of the tool flank face convection heat transfer coefficient assumption and cutting speed (the main factors influencing temperature) on the model solution are discussed. The results show that the simulated steady state temperature and t st decay in a double-exponential summation form with the increase of the tool flank face convection coefficient. A high cutting speed induces a higher steady state temperature, but t st is reduced to a decay limit.

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Optimization of Casting Process of Headstock Based on Numerical Simulation

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2021年第2期1802卷

作者： Yifei Wang Zhongde Shan Haoqin Yang Xueliang Zhang Mengmeng Zhao State Key Laboratory of Advanced Forming Technology and Equipment China Academy of Machinery Science and Technology Group Co. Ltd Beijing 100083 China

In this paper, the casting process optimization design of a certain type of headstock is carried out by numerical simulation technology of casting process. Designed the pouring plan based on theoretical calculation; based on the numerical simulation results, quantitatively designed the riser size, and rationally arranged the pouring riser system based on the equilibrium solidification theory, which can reduce the shrinkage porosity and shrinkage defects in the casting process and increase the process yield; Finally, a sand core production plan is provided based on the precision machining technology of the moldless casting mold, which provides a new idea for the process plan design of complex spindle box castings.

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The Effects of V and Mo Addition on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 60SI2CR Spring Steel for Grinding Balls

The Effects of V and Mo Addition on Microstructure and Mecha...

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Artificial Intelligence and Electromechanical Automation (AIEA), International Conference on

作者： Lingli Zuo Peng Pan Yunbo Chen Qingwei Jiang Tianxiang Zhang Yang Zhang Yesi Qi Beijing National Innovation Institute of Lightweight Ltd. State Key Laboratory of Advanced Forming Technology & Equipment Beijing China Yunnan Kungang Wear Resistant Material Science Co. Ltd. Yuxi China

ISBN: (数字)9781728182889

ISBN: (纸本)9781728182896

Effects of V and Mo micro-alloy elements on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 60Si2Cr grinding ball steel were studied by means of optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, tensile test, impact test and Rockwell hardness test. Results show that by adding 0.12wt%Mo to 60Si2Cr grinding ball steel, less cementite can be precipitated from the matrix than adding 0.08wt%V, so that the hardness of wear-resistant steel ball is higher. The addition of V can refine the needle-like martensite structure, which is conducive to the improvement of impact toughness. The best comprehensive mechanical properties can be obtained by adding 0.12wt%Mo and 0.08wt%V simultaneously, with the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 2 277.7 MPa, the yield strength (YS) of 1 753 MPa, the near surface hardness (SH) of 62 HRC, the core hardness (CH) of 60.7 HRC, and the impact energy of 54.3 J/cm 2 . The results show that the addition of 0.08wt% V and 0.14wt%Mo to 60Si2Cr grinding ball steel can effectively improve the impact toughness and hardness.

关键词： Grinding Ball Steel Microstructure Hardness Impact Toughness IMPACT TOUGHNESS grinding ball Microstructure Soundness hardness Vanadium Mechanical properties Alloying elements ultimate tensile strength MO ADDITIONS Spring steels martensitic structure Ball Device Component

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Near-α Ti60 alloy dwell fatigue basal slip-induced cracking: faceted crack initiation and local strain evolution

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Journal of Materials Science & technology 2025年

作者： Boning Wang Weidong Zeng Zibo Zhao Runchen Jia Jianwei Xu Qingjiang Wang Heng Li State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing School of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi’an 710072 China Defense Technologies Innovation Center of precision forging and ring rolling School of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi’an 710072 China Shaanxi Key Laboratory of High-Performance Precision Forming Technology and Equipment Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi’an 710072 China Shi Changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China

Basal fracture due to dwell fatigue (DF) is primary cause of core material failure during aero-engine service, which highlights the importance of understanding the crack initiation mechanism. In this study, the relationship between activation of plastic slip within the [0001] basal plane orientation, local strain and crack initiation in near-α Ti60 alloys was investigated using coupled in situ and high-resolution digital image correlation (HR-DIC) methods. The results show that basal slip is preferentially activated resulting into a higher shear strain in DF compared to [10 1 ¯ 0] prismatic orientation grains. Two types of cracking induced by strong basal slip were identified in grains with medium to high basal Schmidt factor (SF): slip transgranular cracking and basal twist grain boundary (BTGB) cracking. The slip deformation and strain evolution of the two types of cracks before and after their initiation were observed for the first time on the sample surface by in-situ dwell, which provides experimental and theoretical support for their formation mechanism. In order to constitute potential locations for crack nucleation, these regions have high local and shear strains during the basal slip stage prior to crack initiation. The higher local strain in the former is attributed to the intrusion and extrusion mechanism of the slip bands, while the latter is attributed to the inconsistency of the slip deformation of the microscopic dislocations on both sides of the BTGB making the GB slip-shear. Additionally, the incoordination on both sides of the GB, coupled with the inherently low cleavage energy, makes the BTGB more susceptible to cracking compared to slip transgranular cracking. No elemental segregation or β-phase influence was observed at the grain boundary interface. This study provides new insights into the mechanisms involved basal slip-induced cracking in Ti alloys subjected to dwell loadings.

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High-quality manufacturing method ofcomplicated castings based on multi-materialhybrid moulding process

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China Foundry 2018年第5期15卷 343-350页

作者： Li-min Liu Zhong-de Shan Feng Liu Dun Lan State Key Laboratory of Advanced Forming Technologyand EquipmentChina Academy of Machinery Science and Technology Group Co.Ltd.Beijing 100083China

A multi-material hybrid patternless moulding process for complicated castings has been proposed. Moulding sands used in the hybrid moulding process include silica sand, ceramic sand, chromite sand, zircon sand, and steel shot sand. Experimental method was used to study the effects of moulding sands on the temperature field, mechanical properties, and dimensional precision of the iron castings. Under the condition that the wall thickness on different sides of the casting is the same, when the wall thickness is greater than 10 mm, the heat storage capacity of the moulding sands from strong to weak is steel shot sand, zircon sand, chromite sand, ceramic foundry sand, and silica sand. Tensile strength of the obtained castings from high to low is zircon sand, chromite sand, steel shot sand, ceramic sand, and silica sand. Contraction rate of the obtained castings from high to low is steel shot sand, zircon sand, chromite sand, silica sand, and ceramic sand. Therefore, steel shot sand and zircon sand can be used as chilled sand, and even can be used instead of cold iron when the casting wall thickness is greater than 10 mm. Zircon sand and chromite sand can be used to obtain high mechanical properties, and silica sand and ceramic sand can be selected to obtain high dimensional precision of the castings. Finally, a typical iron casting piece was tested by experiment using the hybrid moulding process. Excellent performances of iron castings confirm the feasibility of the hybrid moulding process.

关键词： hybrid patternless moulding process hybrid moulding process thermal physical parameters temperature field mechanical properties dimensional precision

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Cross-coupling control of contour error for five-axis linkage machining

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2021年第6期1748卷

作者： Baoying Peng Mingpeng Hou Milan Zhang State Key Laboratory of Advanced Forming Technology and Equipment China Academy of Machinery Science and Technology Beijing China The department Of Mechanical Engineering Beijing Information Science & Technology University Beijing China

The accuracy of five-axis linkage machining is influenced by many factors, such as linear axis errors, tool rotation errors, contour trajectory changes, milling force changes, and five-axis parameters do not mismatch. To improve the machining accuracy, the kinematical model of five-axis linkage with B-C double swing head is derived on the basis of RTCP (Rotation tool center point). The following errors of five axis coupled form contour error calculation model is proposed and a cross-coupled controller is designed. Choosing the curve of impeller as an example, a simulation model of five-axis linkage machining is established. Simulation results show that the cross-coupling controller designed for can improve the machining contour accuracy of the five-axis machining effectively.

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Modeling and Microstructure Analysis of Three-Dimension Direct Writing for Zn-Al Alloy

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2021年第3期769卷

作者： Wenjuan Rong Zhongde Shan Jialin Wang Yongwei Wang China Academy of Machinery Science and Technology Group Co. Ltd Beijing China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Forming Technology and Equipment Beijing China University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing China

This paper presents a systematic numerical experimental investigation of single-track forming of 3D metal melting direct writing. A forming track width was fitted by multivariate nonlinear regression method, and the numerical model had a fair level of uniformity with the experiment results. Two phase flow model based on volume-of-fluid (VOF) method was adapted to build up the coupled calculative models for direct writing deposition and solidification. The results show that when the forming track width approximately equals to the solidification layer width, it is the optimum time for forming the next layer. Based on the above research, the pre-remelting time was proposed, which is helpful to create next layer forming quality, and could also be used to guide the creation of a proper default of process parameters.

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Research of The Influence Mechanism of Multi Gradient Printing on Sand Mold Performance

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2021年第1期1965卷

作者： LI Zheng Shan Zhongde Liu Feng Ran Yuelong State Key Laboratory of Advanced Forming Technology and Equipment Beijing National Innovation Institute of Lightweight Ltd. Beijing 100044 China Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nan jing 211106 China

In this paper, multi gradient sand mold sample printing was carried out based on the gray printing technology of sand mold 3D printing, and the influence of gradient distribution of resin addition in sand mold on the property of sand mold was studied. The results showed that the increase of resin addition gradient in sand mold would result in the decrease of tensile strength of sand mold with the constant total resin addition. The bending strength and air permeability of sand mold were mainly affected by the surface resin addition and gradient distribution. With increase of surface resin addition, The bending strength of sand mold decreased, and of which the air permeability increased at the same time. And the increase of gradient spacing between adjacent resin addition gradients in sand mold would lead to the increase of sand mold air permeability and the decrease of tensile strength and bending strength. The result also showed that The surface hardness of the sand mold increased with the increase of the resin content of the surface layer, and had nothing to do with the gradient distribution of the resin content.

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