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Strengthening and toughening mechanisms of martensite-bainite microstructure in 2 GPa ultra-high strength steel during hot stamping

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Science China Technological Sciences 2025年第5期68卷 19-33页

作者： Yanli SONG Ye LI Jue LU Lin HUA Yanfeng GU Yikuan YANG Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Automotive Components Wuhan University of Technology State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of Technology

In response to the growing demand for energy efficiency, safety, and lightweight designs in new energy vehicles, this study addresses the challenge of balancing strength and toughness in ultra-high strength steel(UHSS) components produced by hot stamping. An innovative hot stamping process based on a martensite-bainite(M-B) complex-phase microstructure was proposed to enhance the strength and toughness of UHSS. The microstructural evolution of the M-B complexphase during the hot stamping process was investigated using commercial B1800HS steel. With a microstructure consisting of 87.4.% martensite, 8.7% lower bainite, and 3.9% film-like retained austenite by volume fraction, the steel achieved a tensile strength of 1944 MPa, total elongation of 9.66%, and impact energy of 25.8 J. Compared with conventional hot stamping, the strength of the material showed only a slight improvement, whereas elongation and impact energy were enhanced by approximately 53% and 32%, respectively. A quantitative relationship among process parameters, resulting microstructure, and mechanical properties was established. Optimization between strength and toughness was observed when the low bainite volume fraction ranged from 5.06% to 8.73%. The toughening mechanisms are attributed to the refinement of martensite lath bundles(width of 202 nm) facilitated by bainite formation, the increase in high-angle grain boundaries, and the presence of nanoscale retained austenite(width of 80 nm) between the laths. Additionally, the refinement of grains and the formation of nanoscale(Nb, Ti)C precipitates(diameter of 17 nm) further contributed to the overall strength. The developed M-B complexphase process, which involves medium-temperature slow cooling followed by rapid low-temperature quenching, provides an optimal combination of strength and toughness for a wide range of applications.

关键词： ultra-high strength steel hot stamping strengthening and toughening mechanisms martensite-bainite complex-phase microstructure

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Degradation mechanism,direct regeneration and upcycling of ternary cathode material for retired lithium-ion power batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第3期102卷 534-554页

作者： Juan Wang Dongqi Li Weihao Zeng Xingye Chen Yixin Zhang Shaojie Zhang Zhongpeng Li Changhao Li Shichun Mu State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070HubeiChina

With the approaching of large-scale retirement of power lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),their urgent handling is required for environmental protection and resource ***,at present,substantial spent power batteries,especially for those high recovery value cathode materials,have not been greenly,sustainably,and efficiently *** to the traditional recovery method for cathode materials with high energy consumption and severe secondary pollution,the direct repair regeneration,as a new type of short-process and efficient treatment methods,has attracted widespread ***,it still faces challenges in homogenization repair,electrochemical performance decline,and scaling-up *** promote the direct regeneration technology development of failed NCM materials,herein we deeply discuss the failure mechanism of nickel-cobalt-manganese(NCM)ternary cathode materials,including element loss,Li/Ni mixing,phase transformation,structural defects,oxygen release,and surface degradation and *** on this,the detailed analysis and summary of the direct regeneration method embracing solid-phase sintering,eutectic salt assistance,solvothermal synthesis,sol-gel process,spray drying,and redox mediation are ***,the upcycling strategy for regeneration materials,such as single-crystallization and high-nickelization,structural regulation,ion doping,and surface engineering,are discussed in ***,the challenges faced by the direct regeneration and corresponding countermeasures are pointed ***,this review provides valuable guidance for the efficient and high-value recovery of failed cathode materials.

关键词： Spent NCM materials Retired lithium-ion power battery Degradation mechanism Direct regeneration Upcycling strategy

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Pronounced impact of size and shape effects on creep rupture life of a K439B superalloy combustion chamber casting simulator

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China Foundry 2025年第2期22卷 215-221页

作者： Wen-tong Liu Yi-dong Wu Lei Gao Jing-yang Chen Cheng-bo Xiao Xi-dong Hui State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Science and Technology on Advanced High Temperature Structural Materials Laboratory Beijing Institute of Aeronautical MaterialsBeijing 100095China

The size and shape effect(SSE)of components has become a critical issue for mechanical properties,application reliability,and *** this study,the creep rupture life(CRL)of components with different wall thicknesses and positions in a combustion chamber casing simulator made of K439B superalloy was *** intrinsic mechanisms of the SSE were explored from the dendrite structure,volume fraction and size of theγ'phase,and element segregation,*** is shown that this casting exhibits a strong SSE of creep rupture life,characterized by a significant difference in the CRL values up to 60%with the variation of wall thickness and position in the *** terms of casting technology,the influence of SSE on CRL is actually determined by the cooling *** SSE on the creep rupture life originates from the dendrite structure(such as the secondary dendrite arm spacing),volume fraction size of theγ'phase in the dendrite trunk,and elements segregation *** work may have implications for the design and application of engineering components with large sizes and complex structures.

关键词： K439B superalloy size and shape effects creep rupture life cooling rate γ'phase combustion chamber casing simulator

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Preparation of silver nanoparticles through the reduction of straw-extracted lignin and its antibacterial hydrogel

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and materials 2025年第2期32卷 504-514页

作者： Lou Zhang Shuo Li Fu Tang Jingkai Zhang Yuetong Kang Hean Zhang Lidong Li State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials School of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

Silver nanoparticles(Ag NPs)have attracted attention in the field of biomaterials due to their excellent antibacterial ***,the reducing and stabilizing agents used for the chemical reduction of Ag NPs are usually toxic and may cause water *** this work,Ag NPs(31.2 nm in diameter)were prepared using the extract of straw,an agricultural waste,as the reducing and stabilizing *** analysis revealed that the straw extract contained lignin,the structure of which possesses phenolic hydroxyl and methoxy groups that facilitate the reduction of silver salts into Ag *** surfaces of Ag NPs were negatively charged due to the encapsulation of a thin layer of lignin molecules that prevented their *** the prepared Ag NPs were added to the precursor solution of acrylamide,free radical polymerization was triggered without the need for extra heating or light irradiation,resulting in the rapid formation of an Ag NP-polyacrylamide composite *** inhibition zone test proved that the composite hydrogel possessed excellent antibacterial ability due to the presence of Ag *** prepared hydrogel may have potential applications in the fabrication of biomedical materials,such as antibacterial dressings.

关键词： silver nanoparticles hydrogel straw extraction antibacterial

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Low-temperature rapid sintering for the fabrication of biphasic Si3N4 ceramics with outstanding mechanical properties

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Journal of advanced Ceramics 2025年第3期14卷 143-150页

作者： Shuo Zhao Songmo Du Shijia Zhang Dengke Zhao Binbin Fan Bohan Wang Fei Li Kexin Chen Guanghua Liu State Key Laboratory of New Ceramic Materials School of Materials Science and EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

The fabrication of Si3N4 ceramics typically requires high temperatures(above 1700℃)and prolonged sintering time to achieve densification,resulting in high energy consumption and increased manufacturing ***,reports on the fabrication of dense Si3N4 ceramics with good mechanical properties under MPa-level pressure and low temperatures are *** this work,we propose a low-temperature rapid spark plasma sintering strategy involving the introduction of fine-grainedβ-Si3N4 powder with high lattice strain energy as an“additive”.Dense biphasic Si3N4 ceramics,predominantlyα-Si3N4,were successfully fabricated at a mechanical pressure of 200 MPa and a temperature of 1300℃,achieving a relative density of 97%.The application of high pressure promoted particle rearrangement and uniform liquid‒phase distribution,providing additional driving forces for *** introduction ofβ-Si3N4 seeds facilitated an in-situ solution–reprecipitation process,enabling rapid densification with a minimal liquid phase and without significant grain growth,resulting in nanometer-scale *** Si3N4 sample prepared at 1350℃ exhibited a desirable combination of high hardness(18.5±0.3 GPa)and fracture toughness(6.7±0.2 MPa·m_(1/2)).The results demonstrate that by adjusting the sintering temperature and time,the phase composition and mechanical properties of the ceramics can be flexibly *** work holds significant potential for industrial manufacturing and provides valuable insights into low-temperature strategies for ceramic fabrication.

关键词： low temperature sintering silicon nitride β-Si3N4 seeds spark plasma sintering(SPS)

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Ultrafast Laser Irradiation Induced Oxidation of Dopant-Free Spiro-OMeTAD for Improving the Perovskite Solar Cells Performance

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Energy & Environmental materials 2025年第2期8卷 288-294页

作者： Jiaqi Meng Xiangyu Chen Weihan Li Nianyao Chai Zhongle Zeng Yunfan Yue Fengyi Zhao Xuewen Wang Center of Femtosecond Laser Manufacturing for Advanced Materials and Devices State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Wuhan University of Technology International School of Materials Science and Engineering Wuhan University of Technology National Energy Key Laboratory for New Hydrogen-Ammonia Energy Technologies Foshan Xianhu Laboratory

The exceptional photoelectric performance and high compatibility of perovskite materials render perovskite solar cells highly promising for extensive development,thus garnering significant *** perovskite solar cells,the hole transport layer plays a crucial *** the commonly employed organic small molecule hole transport material Spiro-OMeTAD,a certain period of oxidation treatment is required to achieve complete transport ***,this posttreatment oxidation processes typically rely on ambient oxidation,which poses challenges in terms of precise control and leads to degradation of the perovskite light absorption *** approach fails to meet the demands for high efficiency and stability in practical ***,the mechanism of ultrafast laser on Spiro-OMeTAD and the reaction process for laser-induced oxidation of it are ***2at Perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD interface breaks down to produce I2upon ultrafast laser irradiation and I2promote the oxidation *** the laser irradiation oxidation processing,a higher stability of perovskite solar cells is *** work establishes a new approach toward oxidation treatment of Spiro-OMeTAD.

关键词： hole transport layer perovskite solar cells ultrafast laser irradiation undoped Spiro-OMeTAD

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Ionic liquids-assisted in-situ targeted defect-healing strategy for high-performance sprayed perovskite modules

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第5期104卷 756-764页

作者： Jize Wang Xinxin Yu Cong Geng Wangnan Li Ying Liang Bin Li Yong Peng Yi-Bing Cheng State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of Technology Hubei Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Optoelectronic Materials and Devices Hubei University of Arts and Science Hubei Longzhong Laboratory Wuhan University of Technology (Xiangyang Demonstration Zone)

In the process of spraying coating perovskite films,the "coffee ring" effect （CRE） leads to the problem of excessive organic ammonium salt accumulation in local areas that cannot be completely *** introduce an in-situ targeted defect-healing strategy by incorporating butylamine formate （BAFa） ionic liquid into the spray *** liquids,due to their long carbon chain structure,tend to target flow towards the CRE region during the droplet evaporation *** coordination between the lone pair electrons in the C=O group of BAFa and Pb2+effectively reduces defects in perovskite and suppresses non-radiative recombination ***,amine ligands,which are repelled to the film surface and grain boundaries,form a thin insulating monolayer in the CRE areas,forcing charge carriers to transport through areas of the perovskite with fewer *** approach enables the crystallization control and defect-heal over the Cs0.19FA0.81PbI3-x-yBrxClyperovskite ***,the champion perovskite solar cell achieved a power conversion efficiency of 22.04%,while mini-modules with an effective area of 64.8 cm2reached a peak power conversion efficiency of 18.35%,demonstrating the significant potential for commercializing large-area perovskite solar cells.

关键词： Ion liquid Perovskite solar cell Spray-coating Targeted defect-healing “Coffee-ring” effect

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Effect of Bi/Si Ratio of BiBSi Glass on Its Structure, Properties and Laser Sealing Shear Strength for Vacuum Glazing

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Journal of Wuhan University of technology(materials Science) 2025年第1期40卷 13-24页

作者： LIU Wei JIAO Jinxu LUO Dusha ZHOU Junjie SHI Lifen WANG Weiwei LI Changqing WANG Peng XIONG Dehua LI Hong State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070China Silica-Based Materials Laboratory of Anhui Province CNBM Research Institute for Advanced Glass Materials Group Co.LtdBengbu 233018China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Float Glass CNBM Research Institute for Advanced Glass Materials Group Co.LtdBengbu 233018China

The low-melting glass of Bi2O_(3)-B2O_(3)-SiO_(2)(BiBSi)system was used for the first time for laser sealing of vacuum *** the condition of constant boron content,how the structure and properties vary with Bi/Si ratio in low-melting glass was *** addition,the relationships between laser power,low-melting glass solder with different Bi/Si ratios and laser sealing shear strength were *** results show that a decrease in the Bi/Si ratio can cause a contraction of the glass network of the low-melting glass,leading to an increase of its characteristic temperature and a decrease of its coefficient of thermal *** laser sealing,the copper ions in the low-melting glass play an endothermic role.A change in the Bi/Si ratio will affect the valence state transition of the copper ions in the low-melting *** absorbance of the low-melting glass does not follow the expected correlation with the Bi/Si ratio,but shows a linear correlation with the content of divalent copper *** greater the concentration of divalent copper ions,the greater the absorbance of the low-melting glass,and the lower the laser power required for laser *** shear strength of the low melting glass solder after laser sealing was tested,and it was found that the maximum shear strength of Z1 glass sample was the highest up to 2.67 MPa.

关键词： Bi2O_(3)-B2O_(3)-SiO_(2)(BiBSi) Bi/Si ratio low-melting glass laser sealing vacuum glazing

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Optimizing the overall performance of Cu–Ni–Si alloy via controllingnanometer-lamellar discontinuous precipitation structure

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and materials 2025年第4期32卷 915-924页

作者： Jinyu Liang Guoliang Xie Feixiang Liu Wenli Xue Rui Wang Xinhua Liu Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing(MOE) Institute for Advanced Materials and TechnologyUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Beijing Laboratory of Metallic Materials and Processing for Modern Transportation Institute for Advanced Materials and TechnologyUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Institute of Materials Genome Engineering Henan Academy of SciencesZhengzhou 450046China

Simultaneously achieving high strength and high electrical conductivity in Cu–Ni–Si alloys pose a significant challenge, which greatly constrains its applications in the electronics industry. This paper offers a new pathway to improve properties, by preparation of nanometer lamellar discontinuous precipitates(DPs) arranged with the approximate same direction through a combination of deformationaging and cold rolling process. The strengthening effect is primarily attributed to nanometer-lamellar DPs strengthening and dislocation strengthening mechanism. The accumulation of dislocations at the interface between nanometer lamellar DPs and matrix during cold deformation process can results in the decrease of dislocation density inside the matrix grains, leading to the acceptably slight reduction of electrical conductivity during cold rolling. The alloy exhibits an electrical conductivity of 45.32%IACS(international annealed copper standard, IACS), a tensile strength of 882.67 MPa, and a yield strength of 811.33 MPa by this method. This study can provide a guidance for the composition and microstructure design of a Cu–Ni–Si alloy in the future, by controlling the morphology and distribution of DPs.

关键词： Cu–Ni–Si alloys discontinuous precipitates nanometer-lamellar strengthening dislocation strengthening

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Temperature fields prediction for the casting process by a conditional diffusion model

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China Foundry 2025年第2期22卷 139-150页

作者： Jin-wu Kang Jing-xi Zhu Qi-chao Zhao School of Materials Science and Engineering Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing TechnologyTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Deep learning has achieved great progress in image recognition,segmentation,semantic recognition and game *** this study,a latest deep learning model,a conditional diffusion model was adopted as a surrogate model to predict the heat transfer during the casting process instead of numerical *** conditional diffusion model was established and trained with the geometry shapes,initial temperature fields and temperature fields at t_(i) as the condition and random noise sampled from standard normal distribution as the *** output was the temperature field at t_(i+1).Therefore,the temperature field at t_(i+1)can be predicted as the temperature field at t_(i) is known,and the continuous temperature fields of all the time steps can be predicted based on the initial temperature field of an arbitrary 2D geometry.A training set with 3022D shapes and their simulated temperature fields at different time steps was *** accuracy for the temperature field for a single time step reaches 97.7%,and that for continuous time steps reaches 69.1%with the main error actually existing in the sand *** effect of geometry shape and initial temperature field on the prediction accuracy was investigated,the former achieves better result than the latter because the former can identify casting,mold and chill by different colors in the input *** diffusion model has proved the potential as a surrogate model for numerical simulation of the casting process.

关键词： diffusion model U-Net casting simulation heat transfer

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