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Side-chain sterically induced directional units construct stable and continuous ion transport channels for anion exchange membranes

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Journal of Membrane Science 2025年 729卷

作者： Zhang, Zhe Zhao, Shengqiu Liao, Yucong Li, Yao Liu, Bingxuan Xiao, Zhengrui You, Zeqi Tian, Tian Zhang, Lan Chan, Siew Hwa Tang, Haolin State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan430070 China National Energy Key Laboratory for New Hydrogen-ammonia Energy Technologies Foshan Xianhu Laboratory Foshan528200 China Hubei Key Laboratory of Fuel Cells Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan430070 China School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore 639798 Singapore

Improving the hydroxide conductivity and dimensional stability of anion exchange membranes (AEMs), while retaining their high alkaline stability, is essential for AEM water electrolysis (AEMWE). Herein, a novel design strategy is proposed for perfluorinated ionomer by introducing sterically induced directional units (SIDUs) at the termini of pendant side chains to achieve superior performance in both conductivity and stability. The design is centered on introducing an appropriate amount of rigid bulk benzyl groups based on fluorinated ionomer segments to driven the directional aggregation of cationic groups, thus enabling the construction of continuous and stable ion transport channels. The resulting Perfluorinated-tribenzyls AEM (PFTQ), by forming continuous and stable ionic channels that significantly enhance OH− and H2O mobility, exhibit an over 46 % and 65 % increase in self-diffusion coefficient compared to Perfluorinated-propyl AEM (PFPQ), achieving an exceptional conductivity of 167 mS cm−1 at 80 °C with a swelling ratio as low as 19 %. Moreover, the robust C–F bond backbone, coupled with the protective effects of SIDUs through electron-donating and steric hindrance on the cationic groups, allows the PFTQ with negligible degradation at 80 °C in 6 M KOH over 400 h. Based on this rational design, we achieved a high alkaline water electrolysis performance of 3.6 A cm−2 at 2.0 V and demonstrated durability of over 500 h at 1 A cm−2 at 80 °C. This study demonstrates that the AEM design strategy based on the introduction of SIDUs has significant potential in achieving excellent energy efficiency and extended stability for electrolyzers. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Potassium hydroxide

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IMU-Based Real-Time Biofeedback Wristband With Automatic Sensor-to-Segment Calibration for Arm Swing Training

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IEEE Sensors Journal 2025年第6期25卷 9780-9789页

作者： Fan, Bingfei Chen, Jie Tan, Chao Zhu, Yifeng Liu, Tao Li, Qingguo Cai, Shibo Jiang, Tianyu Zhejiang University of Technology College of Mechanical Engineering Hangzhou310023 China Zhejiang University State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems School of Mechanical Engineering Hangzhou310027 China Queen's University Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering KingstonONK7L 3N6 Canada Zhejiang University of Technology College of Mechanical Engineering The Key Laboratory of Special Purpose Equipment and Advanced Processing Technology Ministry of Education and Zhejiang Province Hangzhou310023 China Chinese PLA General Hospital The Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Beijing100000 China

Arm swing during walking is significant as it enhances gait stability and reduces energy expenditure. Reduced arm swing in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) or the elderly causes poor mobility and higher fall risk. This article develops an IMU-based real-time biofeedback wristband with an automatic sensor-to-segment calibration algorithm for arm swing training. The real-time algorithm detects key frames and calculates the sensor-to-segment alignment transformation, then monitors arm swing motion, and provides vibration feedback when insufficient arm swing is detected. Validation experiments were performed to assess the accuracies of arm swing angle, angular velocity estimations, and the effectiveness of real-time biofeedback. Seventeen subjects wore wristbands and optical markers on their arms while performing slow, normal, and fast walking on a treadmill. Arm swing angle, angular velocity, and range of motion were extracted with and without the proposed calibration method. An additional wristband manually aligned with the forearm was used for comparison and an optical motion capture (OMC) system was utilized for reference. For the proposed method with automatic calibration, the root-mean-square errors (RMSEs) of the estimated continuous swing angle and angular velocity were 2.1° and 12.8°/s, respectively, which were 46% and 58% of those estimated with the manually aligned wristband. In real-time feedback experiments, subjects exhibited a notable increase in arm swing amplitude given the stimulus from vibration feedback. The developed wristband could serve as an effective training and easy-to-use device, which has the potential for PD patients to increase their arm swing amplitude during walking. © 2001-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Biofeedback

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Molecular dynamics study on nano sliding behavior at DLC/AISI 304 interface

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Carbon 2025年 240卷

作者： Huang, Tao Yang, Mai Su, Yibing Han, Yuzhe Li, Qizhong Zhang, Song Goto, Takashi Tu, Rong Zhang, Lianmeng Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory Chaozhou521000 China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan430070 China Hubei Technology Innovation Center for Advanced Composites Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan430070 China New Industry Creation Hatchery Center Tohoku University Sendai980-8579 Japan

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) serves as a prevalent protective coating for stainless steel in various applications, including automotive engines and medical devices, to combat wear and corrosion. This investigation delves into the nanoscale interface friction and mechanical behavior between DLC and polycrystalline austenitic stainless steel. Molecular dynamics simulations were employed to model the sliding interface structure's evolution and friction performance under differing contact pressures and graphitization states. In the friction sliding process, carbon atoms predominantly experience surface structural reorganization with minimal diffusion. The displacement of stainless steel's internal atoms is chiefly driven by deformation rather than diffusion. The study also examines the synergistic impacts of external pressure, structural transformations, and interfacial compounds on the system's friction mechanism. At low contact pressures (≤8 GPa), austenite deformation and recrystallization triggered by friction were noted. Conversely, at high junction pressures (>8 GPa), the interplay of stress and strain induces martensitic transformation in stainless steel and amplifies mechanical mixing with DLC. The α′-martensite proportion correlates positively with contact pressure and friction duration. An uptick in martensite content escalates the system's friction force;however, when the system's friction is governed entirely by martensite, it manifests a stable low friction force. Furthermore, under varied carbon atom hybridization conditions, systems characterized by high sp3 hybridization display increased strain and friction. These insights provide valuable perspectives for improving the research on DLC and stainless steel nano micro interfaces. © 2025

关键词： Austenitic stainless steel

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Dynamic response of B4C, TiB2 and TiB2-B4C under shock wave compression

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Ceramics International 2025年

作者： Shu, Zaiqin Jing, Qiang Wan, Mingming Zhang, Jinyong School of Physics and Mechanics Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan430070 China School of Material Science and Engineering Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan430070 China State Key laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan430070 China Inner Mongolian Metal Materials Research Institute Yantai264003 China

TiB2-B4C (TBC) has been widely utilized in lightweight armor due to its exceptional mechanical properties. The Hugoniot elastic limit (HEL) has been considered as an important dynamic property of ceramics. This paper presents the shock responses of pure B4C, pure TiB2, and TiB2-B4C composite. By microstructure analysis, the amorphization in B4C and dislocations in TiB2 at shock pressures around 37 GPa in the recycled debris were observed. The dislocations in TiB2 are believed to be the reason for ‘two HELs’ in TiB2. The addition of TiB2 has little effect on the shock properties of B4C, while the shock pressure exceeds HEL. Additionally, a failure wave was detected in the ceramics at shock pressures lower than HEL. A damage parameter was defined to quantify the extent of damage in the failure zone. The incorporation of TiB2 into B4C can significantly slow down failure propagation in TBC at pressure lower than HEL. Furthermore, the analysis of the damage parameter suggests that TBC exhibits superior impact resistance compared to pure B4C and TiB2. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l.

关键词： Amorphization

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Edge supercurrent in Josephson junctions based on topological materials

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第2期68卷 1-12页

作者： Junjie Qi Chui-Zhen Chen Juntao Song Jie Liu Ke He Qing-Feng Sun X.C.Xie Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences Beijing 100193China School of Physical Science and Technology Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215006China Institute for Advanced Study Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215006China College of Physics and Hebei Advanced Thin Films Laboratory Hebei Normal UniversityShijiazhuang 050024China School of Physics Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityMinistry of Education Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed MatterXi’an 710049China State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics Department of PhysicsTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information Beijing 100084China Hefei National Laboratory Hefei 230088China International Center for Quantum Materials School of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Interdisciplinary Center for Theoretical Physics and Information Sciences Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China

The interplay between novel topological states and superconductivity has garnered substantial interest due to its potential for topological quantum *** Josephson effect serves as a useful probe for edge superconductivity in these hybrid topological *** Josephson junctions based on topological materials,supercurrents exhibit unique quantum interference patterns,including the conventional Fraunhofer oscillations,theΦ_(0)-periodic oscillation,and the 2Φ_(0)-periodic oscillation in response to the external magnetic field(Φ_(0)=h/2e is the flux quantum,h the Planck constant,and e the electron charge).These interference patterns stem from varied Andreev reflection mechanisms and the associated current density *** review seeks to comprehensively examine the theoretical and experimental advancements in understanding the quantum interference patterns of edge supercurrents in Josephson junctions based on quantum spin Hall,quantum Hall,and quantum anomalous Hall systems.

关键词： quantum Hall effect quantum spin Hall effect quantum anomalous Hall effect Josephson junction edge supercurrent Andreev reflection

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A novel cross-lamellar deformation mechanism through α2 ↔ γ bidirectional phase transformation in a γ-TiAl alloy

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Scripta Materialia 2025年 264卷

作者： Liang, He Ding, Hongsheng Xu, Xuesong Zhang, Xuxing Chen, Ruirun Guo, Jingjie Fu, Hengzhi National Key Laboratory for Precision Hot Processing of Metals School of Materials Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150001 China Jiangsu Belight Laboratory State Key Laboratory of Advanced Casting Technologies School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing210094 China

Cross-lamellar deformation is hard to be activated because of the obstruction of α2/γ interface to dislocations in the lamellar TiAl alloy. In the present work, continuous shear across the lamellar interface was achieved through twinning and α2 ↔ γ bidirectional phase transformation during high-temperature tensile deformation. The {202‾1} α2 twins were induced by the stress concentration at the tips of γ twins in adjacent lamellae and propagated through the nanoscale (α2 + γ) lamellae (γ → α2T), followed by the nucleation and growth of γ phase inside α2 twins (α2T → γ). The existence of Blackburn orientation relationship between α2 twin and γ inside it, as well as the Al-rich stacking faults in α2 twins, provide strong evidence for this bidirectional phase transformation. These findings offer an innovative understanding for the coordinated deformation of (α2 + γ) lamellar structures and provide a new sight for improving the deformation capacity of TiAl alloys. © 2025

关键词： Titanium alloys

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Enhanced oxygen evolution reaction activity of iridium oxide supported on tantalum-doped tin oxide for acidic water electrolysis

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International Journal of Electrochemical Science 2025年第7期20卷

作者： Tian, Juanjuan Li, Shang Zhu, Zuobiao Tan, Jinting Pan, Mu State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of Technology Luoshi Road 122# Wuhan 430070 China Foshan Xianhu Laboratory of the Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory Xianhu Hydrogen China Hubei Key Laboratory of Fuel Cells Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China

In the research process of proton exchange membrane electrolysis, Ir-based catalysts exhibit sluggish dynamics of reaction and the poor durability in strongly acidic medium, as well as the high cost greatly limit their commercialization. In this paper, in order to decrease the Ir amount and improve precious metal utilization, Ta-doped tin oxide (SnO₂) was prepared by sol-gel method in this paper as a support and loaded with iridium dioxide (IrO₂). The results indicate that the Ta doping increased conductivity of SnO₂ by two orders of magnitude and inhibited particle size growth. The introduction of 2Ta-SnO₂ supports improved the electric charge transfer dynamics during the catalytic reaction process, and the mass activity of the 40 wt% IrO₂/2Ta-SnO₂ catalyst reached 835.39 A g⁻¹ IrO₂, which was 3.6 times higher than that of commercial IrO₂. The overpotential of the 40 wt% IrO₂/2Ta-SnO₂ catalyst was 264 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm⁻², which is due to the prominent dispersion effect of the support as well as the interaction of the support surface with the active substance. Its stability is better than that of commercial IrO₂ in a stability test over 20,000 s. Therefore, Ta-doped SnO₂ supported IrO₂ catalysts have a promising application by reducing the cost of precious metal catalysts and enhancing the electrocatalytic properties of OER catalysts. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Catalyst support OER catalyst Proton exchange membrane electrolysis Ta-doped SnO2

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Local structural origin of relaxor antiferroelectric behavior in NaNbO3-based ceramics

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Chemical Engineering Journal 2025年 514卷

作者： Meng, Xiangyu Yuan, Liran Li, Dongxu Wang, Pengbin Guo, Qinghu Gan, Xiaoyan Yao, Zhonghua Liu, Hanxing Wu, Jinsong Zhang, Shujun Hao, Hua State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan430070 China National Energy Key Laboratory for New Hydrogen-Ammonia Energy Technologies Foshan Xianhu Laboratory Foshan528200 China Nanostructure Research Center Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan430070 China Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences University of Wollongong WollongongNSW2500 Australia

Relaxor-antiferroelectrics (relaxor-AFEs), known for their double polarization–electric field (P-E) hysteresis loops and relaxor characteristics, exhibit outstanding energy storage performance compared to other dielectric materials. However, the origins of their antiferroelectric-like behavior and relaxor features remain unclear due to their complex local structure. In this study, we designed relaxor-AFEs with a high degree of relaxor component and stable antiferroelectric behavior. The recoverable energy density (Wrec) of up to 4.6J/cm3 and energy efficiency of ∼ 79 % were achieved in a 0.76NaNbO3-0.16Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-0.08CaTiO3 ceramic, demonstrating excellent thermal and frequency stability. The multiphase local polarization configuration was confirmed by atomic-resolution annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (ADF STEM). Additionally, integrated differential phase contrast (iDPC) images revealed an enhanced antiferrodistortion (AFD) induced by incorporating component with low tolerance factor, contributing to stable antiferroelectric behavior. The relationship between chemical heterogeneity, polarization configuration and energy storage performance was systematically established. This work provides insights into the structure origin and underlying mechanisms for relaxor-AFE performance, with potential implications to guide the development of advanced energy-storage dielectric materials. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Antiferroelectric materials

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Effect of Phase Structure on the Properties of Additively Manufactured NiTi Alloy Based on Molecular Dynamics Simulation

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Metals 2025年第4期15卷 411-411页

作者： Zhao, Tianxiang Huang, Jiankang Zhao, Huayu Xiang, Rui Song, Xueping Fan, Ding State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-Ferrous Metal Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou730050 China Materials Science and Engineering College Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou730050 China

NiTi alloy has been widely used due to its excellent shape memory effect, superelasticity, and high damping performance. These excellent properties are mainly derived from its unique phase structure. In order to further explore the effect of different phase ratios on the performance of NiTi alloy, this study successfully prepared NiTi alloys with different atomic ratios by controlling the wire feeding speed to control the atomic ratio in the alloy. The results of TEM showed that the alloy with a lower Ni atomic ratio is enriched with Ti element, while the alloy with a higher Ni atomic ratio has a coexistence of NiTi phase and NiTi2 phase. At the same time, the compression performance showed that the increase in Ni atomic ratio can improve the compression performance of the alloy. In addition, by constructing a molecular dynamics model of NiTi alloys with different phase ratios, the unloading recovery behavior and phase transformation characteristics of the alloy under external force were analyzed. The results showed that with the increase of the NiTi2 phase ratio in the alloy, the irrecoverable strain also increases, exceeding the elastic strain limit of the NiTi2 phase, resulting in the generation of disordered structure and plastic deformation in the late deformation stage. In addition, with the increase of the NiTi2 phase ratio, the energy dissipation area of the hysteresis curve increases, reflecting a greater energy loss. © 2025 by the authors.

关键词： Thawing

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Improvement of the regenerability and surface electronegativity of rectorite via magnetic modification

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Journal of Molecular Liquids 2025年 427卷

作者： Su, Dan Huang, Jingyi Zhang, Ge Gao, Jing Wen, Zhipan Wang, Yingru School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan430073 China State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technology Wuhan Textile University Wuhan430200 China

In this study, the magnetic modification of rectorite was conducted to enhance its regenerability and surface electronegativity. When using the raw rectorite, the removal rate of ciprofloxacin was 78 % and the recovery rate was only 26 % after six regeneration cycles. However, with magnetized modified rectorite (M-REC), the removal rate of ciprofloxacin was 97 % and the recovery rate exceeded 75 %. The magnetic properties, easy magnetic separation and enhanced surface electronegativity of M-REC were confirmed through SEM, TEM, VSM, XRD, BET and XPS characterization. After six regeneration recycles, the basic skeleton structure of M-REC remained largely unchanged, indicating that has excellent stability. Additionally, the adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics of M-REC were investigated, and the Langmuir model accurately described the adsorption isotherm. The adsorption kinetics data fit the pseudo-second order models. The adsorption rate was determined by the number of available adsorption sites on the M-REC surface, and the removal process was primarily driven by chemisorption. Therefore, M-REC is an environmentally friendly adsorption material with potential applications in environmental remediation. © 2025

关键词： Adsorption isotherms

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