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Impact of mixed benzene site exposure on bioaccessibility in simulated lung fluids and health risk assessment

Journal of Hazardous Materials 2025年 494卷 138466页

作者： Ma, Xuemin Wang, Ying Chen, Shuhe Wu, Changyong Wang, Weipeng Wang, Yue Engineering Research Center of Environmental Pollution Control Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing100012 China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing100012 China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment and State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing100012 China College of Urban and Rural Construction Agricultural University of Hebei Baoding071001 China

Benzene series (BTEX) are predominant volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in petroleum production and downstream industrial sites, primarily enter human lungs via inhalation, posing significant health risks. To address the critical limitation of existing risk assessments that focus solely on individual components, this study investigated benzene and ethylbenzene based on contamination characteristics of petroleum refineries in Northwest China. An innovative in vitro membrane oxygenator system was developed to simulate single and mixed exposure scenarios at three soil concentrations: low (5 mg/kg), medium (10 mg/kg), and high (20 mg/kg), respectively. Health risk indices including inhalation risk (Inh), hazard quotient (HQ), and lifetime cancer risk (LCR) were calculated using bioaccessibility–adjusted parameters to precisely compare risk variations across exposure modes. Results demonstrated significant synergistic effects in gas-liquid mass transfer kinetics under mixed exposure (P © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Health risks

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Emissions and potential tracer screening of semivolatile/intermediate-volatility organic compounds from urban vehicle fleets

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npj Climate and Atmospheric Science 2025年第1期8卷 1-11页

作者： Wu, Yajun Peng, Jianfei Wang, Xiaoguo Liu, Peiji Liu, Yan Zhang, Fuyang Zhang, Jinsheng Sun, Bin Zhang, Jingqiao Song, Kai Song, Pengfei Wu, Lin Wang, Ting Guo, Song Mao, Hongjun Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research College of Environmental Science and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin China Tianjin Eco-Environmental Monitoring Center Tianjin China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Ministry of Education Peking University Beijing China

Semi-/intermediate volatile organic compounds (S/IVOCs) are important precursors for secondary organic aerosols (SOA) and ozone formation. Vehicle emissions from real-world vehicle fleets are significant anthropogenic source, but their emission profiles and chemical fingerprints remain inadequately characterized. Here, we combined tunnel observation with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry to investigate vehicular S/IVOCs emissions. We identified 256 vehicle-related compounds with fleet-average emission factors (EFs) of 16.4 ± 12.1 mg·km⁻¹·veh⁻¹, comprising 67.2% VOCs, 24.3% IVOCs, and 8.5% SVOCs. VOCs accounted for the majority of ozone formation potential (OFP, 84.8%), whereas VOCs, IVOCs, and SVOCs contributed to SOA formation potential at different times. Importantly, our speciated-based SOA estimation enhanced SOA production estimates by 44.1–76.9% compared to traditional approach. We identified eight potential vehicle-related tracers in S/IVOC range through volcano plots and hierarchical clustering analysis, which could benefit future source apportionments. Our work also offers a novel perspective for screening tracers from various sources beyond vehicle-related emissions. © The Author(s) 2025.

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PHYSICAL VALUE MAPPING ALGORITHM OF MESH IN FINE CAE ANALYSIS OF automobile BODY STRUCTURE

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2005年第3期18卷 338-341页

作者： Hu Ping Gong Kejia Bao Yidong State Key Laboratory of Automobile Dynamic Simulation Jilin University Changchun 130025 ChinaState Key Laboratory of Automobile Dynamic Simulation Jilin University Changchun 130025 China

A physical value mapping （PVM） algorithm based on finite element mesh from the stamped part in stamping process to the product is presented, In order to improve the efficiency of the PVM algorithm, a search way from the mesh of the product to the mesh of the stamped part will be adopted. At the same time, the search process is divided into two steps： entire search （ES） and local search （LS）, which improve the searching efficiency. The searching area is enlarged to avoid missing projection elements in ES process. An arc-length method is introduced in LS process. The validity is confirmed by the results of the complex industry-forming product.

关键词： Fine CAE analysis of auto body structure Finite element mesh Arc method Physical value mapping

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Effects of Cr and Mo elements on the microstructures and compressive properties of the in situ (TiCxNy–TiB2)/Ni cermets

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2019年第1期29卷 20-27页

作者： Fang Chang Feng Qiu Chuanlu Li Yawei Wang Qichuan Jiang State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control Jilin University Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials Ministry of Education and Department of Materials Science and Engineering Jilin University

In-situ(TiCN–TiB)/Ni cermets with 70 wt%TiCN–TiBwere successfully fabricated by combustion synthesis and hot pressing sintering in Ni-Ti-BC-BN powder *** microstructures,density,compressive properties,and hardness of the TiCN–TiB/Ni cermets with the addition of 0–8 wt%Cr/Mo to the Ni-Ti-BC-BN powder systems were compared and *** results showed that the ceramic particles distributed uniformly in the cermets,and the size of the ceramic particles reduced with the Cr/Mo *** Cr and Mo addition can improve the hardness,compressive properties,and fracture strains of the *** hardness,compressive strength,and fracture strain of the(TiCN–TiB)/(Ni+Cr)cermets increased from 1561 HV,2.94 GPa,and 2.9%to 1864 HV,3.65 GPa,and 3.4%,respectively when the Cr content increased to 5 wt%.The hardness and compressive strength of the(TiCN–TiB)/(Ni+Mo)cermets increased from 1561 HV and 2.94 GPa to 1902 HV and 3.43 GPa,respectively when the Mo content increased to 8 wt%.The cermets with Cr had better compressive properties than the cermets with Mo.

关键词： (TiCxNy–TiB2)/Ni cermets Cr/Mo content Microstructure Compressive properties

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NSVineCopula: R package for modeling non-stationary multivariate dependence

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Environmental Modelling and Software 2025年 190卷

作者： Zhang, Q. Li, Y.P. Huang, G.H. Huang, X.M. Wang, H. Wang, Z. Xu, Z.P. Wang, Y.Y. Shen, Z.Y. State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing100875 China Department of Earth System Science Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling Institute for Global Change Studies Tsinghua University Beijing100875 China Institute for Energy Environment and Sustainable Communities University of Regina ReginaSKS4S0A2 Canada

A vine copula is a flexible method for multivariate dependence simulations that assumes stationarity. However, only a few studies have focused on non-stationarity and comprehensively developed nonstationary vine copula functions. In this study, a novel R package, NSVineCopula was developed and presented. Canonical-vine and Drawable-vine structure with 36 bivariate copula functions were considered in NSVineCopula. This package is capable of capturing non-stationary multivariate dependence, providing time-varying parameters for each bivariate copula, and quantifying the conditional probability. Notably, NSVineCopula provides a simple way for sampling non-stationary vine copulas. The capability of NSVineCopula was evaluated through two case studies: (1) agricultural drought risk assessment under compound dry-hot extreme conditions and water level prediction. The results demonstrate the advantages of NSVineCopula in non-stationary multivariate dependence analysis, and highlights the potential of NSVineCopula in many fields. Overall, NSVineCopula can provide valuable and robust functionalities for modeling nonstationary multivariate dependence. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Copula Multivariate dependence Non-stationarity R package Vine copula

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A MODIFIED ALGORITHM FOR DEALING WITH HOLDER FRICTION BOUNDARY CONDITION IN simulation OF SHEET METAL FORMING

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Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica 2005年第3期18卷 272-277页

作者： Na Jingxin Shen Guozhe Liu Haipeng Hu Ping State Key Laboratory of Automobile Dynamic Simulation College of Automobile Engineering Jilin University Changchun 130022 China

This paper investigates the equivalent model for the friction boundary condition between blank and holder during sheet metal forming simulation, and proposes an equivalent algorithm, the thickness threshold value algorithm, for the first time based on thickness weighting. This algorithm assumes that the holder clearance is uniform during sheet metal forming; and the main reason for the unevenness of friction force distribution under the holder is that the uneven deformation of the blank leads to its uneven thickness distribution, which makes the local pressure on the blank distributed unevenly. The algorithm proposed in this paper can effectively simulate the influence of the unevenness on the forming process. Validity of this algorithm is verified by a comparison between the simulation results and the experimental ones for the drawing process of a car spring base.

关键词： thickness threshold value holder friction sheet metal forming

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High Abundance of Atmospheric Sulfonates Derived from Light-Duty Gasoline Vehicles

ACS ES&T Air

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ACS ES&T Air 2025年第4期2卷 607-614页

作者： Shuang Chen Huixia Han Lihong Ren Yisheng Xu Libin Wu Yuanguan Gao Yuanbi Yi Xinping Yang Mingliang Fu Hang Yin Yan Ding Pingqing Fu State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing 100012 China；School of Earth System Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China School of Earth System Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing 100012 China Department of Ocean Science and Center for Ocean Research in Hong Kong and Macau The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong SAR China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing 100012 China

Particulate matter (PM) emissions from light-duty gasoline vehicles (LDGV) pose a threat to both air quality and human health. However, the molecular compositions and chemical properties of these complex mixtures are poorly understood. In this study, we performed a detailed characterization of exhaust PM from LDGV at various speed phases at the molecular level by employing ultra-high-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. We found that with increasing speed, the number of organic compounds increased significantly, especially organic nitrogen-containing and sulfur-containing compounds. Moreover, the increase of speed leads to high temperature and high pressure in the cylinder, which in turn leads to a series of thermal cracking–polymerization–cyclization reactions, resulting in new particulate matter with more aromatic structures. In addition, considerable intermediate volatility organic compounds and semivolatile organic compounds were identified in the exhaust PM. Notably, we observed the presence of sulfonates in tailpipe particulate matter during low- or high-speed phases, which highlights a previously negligible source of organic sulfonates in the atmosphere.

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Molecular characteristics and plastic additives in dissolved organic matter derived from polystyrene microplastics: Effects of cumulative irradiation and microplastic concentrations

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Water Research 2025年 282卷 123641页

作者： Cao, Yuanyuan Liu, Yang Guo, Kehui He, Wei Hur, Jin Guo, Huaming Key Laboratory of Groundwater Conservation of MWR Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution of MOE School of Water Resources and Environment China University of Geosciences Beijing Beijing 100083 China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Center for Water and Ecology Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Department of Environment and Energy Sejong University 209 Neungdong-ro Seoul Gwangjin-gu05006 Korea Republic of State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology China University of Geosciences Beijing Beijing 100083 China Frontiers Science Center for Deep-time Digital Earth China University of Geosciences Beijing Beijing 100083 China

Microplastic-derived dissolved organic matter (MP-DOM), released during ultraviolet-induced aging of microplastics (MPs), has emerged as a critical yet underexplored topic regarding the environmental impacts of MPs. However, the effects of irradiation intensity on the release and molecular diversity of MP-DOM, including plastic additives, remain poorly understood. In this study, the photoaging processes of polystyrene MPs (PS-MPs) were simulated under varying cumulative irradiation (irradiation intensity × irradiation duration) and PS-MPs concentrations (1 − 5 g/L). The PS-derived DOM (PS-DOM) was characterized using fluorescence spectroscopy, Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS), and liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). After 21 days of irradiation, the amount of leached PS-DOM ranged from 7.76 to 39.40 mg-C/g. Cumulative irradiation significantly accelerated PS-MPs aging and PS-DOM leaching (p 2. Beyond this threshold, PS-MPs exhibited substantial size reduction, increased oxidation, and enhanced PS-DOM leaching. FT-ICR MS analysis revealed that PS-DOM contained 30.1 %−31.8 % unique components compared to natural organic matter, with greater degradability at lower PS-MPs concentrations. Furthermore, LC-HRMS identified 13 oxidation products and 25 plastic additives in PS-DOM, with their amounts decreasing as PS-MPs concentrations increased, from 17.05 to 3.24 mg/g and 4.88 to 1.85 mg/g, respectively. Notably, lower PS-MPs concentrations resulted in greater cumulative irradiation per unit mass, intensifying PS-DOM leaching, enhancing degradability, and increasing plastic additives release. This study highlights the environmental implications of per unit cumulative irradiation on MP-DOM leaching and its molecular composition, providing insights into its ecological risks and potential impacts on aquatic systems. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Liquid chromatography

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Numerical study of the separation performance of granular sludge and activated sludge in gravity-driven cyclonic field

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Journal of Water Process Engineering 2025年 74卷

作者： Huang, Fei Zhang, Yuantao Tian, Jinyi State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China

The cultivation of aerobic granular sludge (AGS) in a continuous flow process requires an external granular sludge and flocculent activated sludge separator to return the faster settling granular sludge. Experimental studies have confirmed that hydrocyclones are an effective solution for this purpose. This study employed CFD numerical simulations to investigate the operational performance of hydrocyclones at different installation angles. Furthermore, it explored the principles of gravity-driven hydrocyclone-enhanced separation of granular sludge and activated sludge, as well as the hydrocyclone-promoted granulation. The split ratio and separation efficiency are generally proportional to the installation angle, with the optimal angle range identified as −15°~15°. Activated sludge shows a better flow separability with low velocity fluctuations, whereas granular sludge shows more pronounced velocity variations. The results indicate that the inclined gravity-driven hydrocyclone exhibit only a limited difference in separation performance between granular sludge and activated sludge. Therefore, the potential reason for the hydrocyclone-promoted granulation may not be the traditionally considered separative effect, but rather the particle motion induced by the hydraulic shear flow field. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Activated sludge Granular sludge Hydrocyclone Numerical simulation Separation performance

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N-Nitrosamines in Karst Groundwaters in Southwestern China: Risks and Implications for Drinking Water Safety

SSRN

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Gu, Xiongwei Xu, Liwei Huang, Xin Chen, Yingjie Shan, Yuanyu Yan, Xiaoyu Liu, Zhaojue Zeng, Hong-Hu Chen, Wenwen Huang, Huanfang Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology Guilin University of Technology Guilin541006 China Engineering Research Center of Watershed Protection and Green Development University of Guangxi Guilin University of Technology Guilin541006 China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Water Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control South China Institute of Environmental Sciences MEE Guangzhou510535 China SCNU Environmental Research Institute Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment South China Normal University Guangzhou510006 China

Groundwater is a vital drinking water source for populations in remote karst regions. However, the highly developed karst tube systems facilitate the infiltration of surface wastewater containing N-nitrosamines, raising concerns about groundwater safety. To assess the safety of groundwater and identify which types are safer for consumption, this study investigated N-nitrosamines in various groundwater types, including ground river, karst cavern, well, and mountain spring waters, in Guangxi, a typical karst region in southwestern China. The total concentrations of eight N-nitrosamines in groundwater ranged from 5.1 to 70.3 ng/L, with N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), and N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR) being the dominant species. Ground river water exhibited significantly higher N-nitrosamine concentrations than karst cavern, well, and mountain spring waters. Significant correlations between N-nitrosamines and dissolved inorganic nitrogen suggested their co-emissions from domestic wastewater and the secondary formation potential of N-nitrosamines in groundwater. Redundancy analysis further identified domestic and swine wastewater as the primary sources. Ground river and mountain spring waters posed the highest risks among the four groundwater types, with 30% and 20% of sites, respectively, exceeding acceptable cancer risk thresholds. These findings underscore the importance of thorough water treatment before groundwater is used for drinking. Strict livestock farming and domestic wastewater discharge regulations are essential to mitigate contamination risks, particularly in karst areas. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nitrosamines

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