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The performance of a combined nitritation–anammox reactor treating anaerobic digestion supernatant under various C/N ratios

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第4期27卷 207-214页

作者： Jian Zhao Jiane Zuo Jia Lin Peng Li State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University

A combined nitritation–anammox reactor was developed to treat the digestion supernatant under various C/N ratios. Due to the difficulties for heterotroph to utilize the refractory organics, the reactor presented relatively stable performance with increasing supernatant addition. Nevertheless, the adverse effects of supernatant would accumulate during the long-term operation and thus weakened the activity and shock resistance of microbes,which further led to the gradual decrease of reactor performance after 92 days＇ *** this circumstance, supernatant with volatile fatty acids（VFAs） residuals was further introduced into the reactor to investigate the performance of combined nitritation–anammox process with VFA addition. With the appearance of VFAs, the nitrogen removal performance gradually restored and the reactor finally achieved stable and efficient performance with C/N ratio of 0.35. The VFA residuals within 150 mg/L in the supernatant served as the extra electron donors and stimulated the heterotrophic denitrification process, which was vital for the enhancement of reactor. The nitrogen removal rate and total nitrogen removal efficiency reached 0.49 kg N/（m^3·day） and 88.8% after 140 days＇ operation, respectively. The combined nitritation–anammox reactor was proved suitable to treat digestion supernatant.

关键词： Combined nitritation–anammox Anaerobic digestion supernatant C/N ratios Volatile fatty acids

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Mesoporous silicas synthesis and application for lignin peroxidase immobilization by covalent binding method

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2013年第1期25卷 181-187页

作者： Zunfang Hu Longqian Xu Xianghua Wen Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory School of EnvironmentTsinghua University

Immobilization of enzymes on mesoporous silicas （MS） allows for good reusability. MS with two-dimensional hexagonal pores in diameter up to 14.13 nm were synthesized using Pluronic P123 as template and 1,3,5-triisopropylbenzene as a swelling agent in acetate buffer. The surface of MS was modified by the silanization reagents 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. Lignin peroxidase （LIP） was successfully immobilized on the modified MS through covalent binding method by four agents： glutaraldehyde, 1,4- phenylene diisothiocyanate, cyanotic chloride and water-soluble carbodiimide. Results showed that cyanotic chloride provided the best performance for LiP immobilization. The loaded protein concentration was 12.15 mg/g and the immobilized LiP activity was 812.9 U/L. Immobilized LiP had better pH stability. Acid Orange II was used to examine the reusability of immobilized LiP, showing more than 50% of the dye was decolorized at the fifth cycle.

关键词： mesoporous silica lignin peroxidase covalent binding stability

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Structural Topology and Dynamic Response Analysis of an Electric Torque Vectoring Drive-Axle for Electric Vehicles

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Automotive Innovation 2022年第2期5卷 164-179页

作者： Junnian Wang Shoulin Gao Yue Qiang Meng Xu Changyang Guan Zidong Zhou State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control Jilin UniversityChangchunChina

In-wheel motor-drive electric vehicles have the advantage of independently controllable wheel torque and the disadvantages of unsprung mass rise and power *** address the disadvantages,a centralized layout electric torque vectoring drive-axle system(E-TVDS)with dual motors is proposed,which can realize arbitrary distribution of driving torque between the left and right ***,the speed and torque distribution principle of E-TVDS based on velocity diagram are analyzed,and a virtual prototype of the whole vehicle with basic gear ratio relation model of the E-TVDS is built for simulation to verify the theoretical results and the basic effect of E-TVDS on the steering performance of the ***,the charac-teristics of 36 types of the novel E-TVDS topology structure are compared and analyzed,and the optimal structure scheme is ***,the accurate multiple degrees of freedom dynamic model for the optimal structure is established by using the bond graph method,and its dynamic response characteristics are *** results show that the vehicle equipped with the proposed E-TVDS can distribute the driving torque with the almost identical amount but opposite sign between the left and right wheels in any direction,and varying amount according to different chassis dynamics control requirements,and the torque response performance is great with little delay and *** function and dynamic response of the proposed E-TVDS show that it has potential application value for various performance improvements of electric vehicles.

关键词： Electric vehicle Torque vectoring Differential Structural topology Bond graph

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Performance Evaluation Method for Automated Driving System in Logical Scenario

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Automotive Innovation 2022年第3期5卷 299-310页

作者： Peixing Zhang Bing Zhu Jian Zhao Tianxin Fan Yuhang Sun State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control Jilin UniversityChangchunChina

With the continuous improvement of automated driving technology,how to evaluate the performance of an automated driving system is attracting more and more ***,with the creation of scenario-based test methods,the traditional evaluation index based on a single test can no longer meet the requirements of high-level safety verification for automated driving system,and the performance evaluation of such a system in logical scenarios will be the *** on the scenario-based test method and Turing test theory,a performance evaluation method for an automated driving system in the whole parameter space of a logical scenario is *** logical scenario parameter space is partitioned according to the risk degree of concrete scenario,and the evaluation process in different zones are ***,the anthropo-morphic index in the safe zone and the collision-avoidance index in the danger zone are defined by comparing test results of human driving and ideal vehicle *** front vehicle low-speed and cut-out scenarios as examples,two automated driving algorithms are tested in the virtual environment,and the test results are evaluated both by the proposed method and by human *** results show that the results of the proposed method are consistent with the subjective feelings of humans;additionally,it can be applied to scenario-based tests and the verification process of an automated driving system.

关键词： Automated driving system Logical scenario Performance evaluation Anthropomorphic index

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Adsorption of chlorophenols from aqueous solutions by pristine and surface functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第5期28卷 187-198页

作者： Han Ding Xin Li Jun Wang Xiaojian Zhang Chao Chen State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University

The adsorption of six kinds of chlorophenols on pristine, hydroxylated and carboxylated single-walled carbon nanotubes（SWCNTs） has been investigated. Pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order models were used to describe the kinetic data. All adsorption isotherms were well fitted with Langmuir, Freundlich and Polanyi–Manes models, due to surface adsorption dominating the adsorption process. The close linear relationship between log Kowand log Kdsuggested that hydrophobicity played an important role in the adsorption. The SWCNTs＇ adsorption capacity for chlorophenols was weakened by addition of oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface, due to the loss of specific surface area, the increase of hydrophilicity and the reduction of π–π interaction. The best adsorption capacity of pristine SWCNTs, SWCNT-OH and SWCNT-COOH for six chlorophenols varied from 19 to 84 mg/g, from 19 to 65 mg/g and from 17 to 65 mg/g,respectively. The effect of pH on the adsorption of 2,6-dichlorophenol（2,6-DCP）, was also studied. When p H is over the pK aof 2,6-dichlorophenol（2,6-DCP）, its removal dropped sharply. When ionic strength increased（Na Cl or KCl concentration from 0 to 0.02 mmol/L）,the adsorption capacity of 2,6-DCP on pristine SWCNTs decreased slightly. The comparison of chlorophenols adsorption by SWCNTs, MWCNTs and PAC was made, indicating that the adsorption rate of CNTs was much faster than that of PAC. The results provide useful information about the feasibility of SWCNTs as an adsorbent to remove chlorophenols from aqueous solutions.

关键词： Adsorption Chlorophenols Single-walled carbon nanotubes Isotherms Kinetics Cation–π interaction

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Delayed Detached Eddy simulation of Subcritical Flow past Generic Side Mirror

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Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong university(Science) 2019年第1期24卷 107-112页

作者： CHEN Xin LI Ming State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control Jilin University

In the present study, the subcritical flow past a generic side mirror on a base plane is investigated at the Reynolds number of 5.2 × 10~5 using delayed detached eddy simulation(DDES) turbulence model. Asides from the capability of capturing main features of the large recirculation vortex in the wake of the side mirror and the front horseshoe vortex, the accuracy of DDES estimation of recirculation length is significantly increased by over20%, compared to the detached eddy simulation(DES) estimation using the same grid. And DDES prediction of pressure coefficient at the trailing edge of the mirror is in good agreement with the experiments, which is more accurate than both DES and large eddy simulation(LES) results. The results verify the capacity of DDES turbulence model to solve the turbulent flow around the side mirror. This is a key foundation for possible future study of full simulation of external flow field of vehicle.

关键词： delayed detached eddy simulation drag recirculation length generic side mirror

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Anaerobic stabilization and landscape utilization of rural sewage sludge from the enhanced membrane coagulation process

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Science of the Total Environment 2025年 958卷 177902页

作者： Xu, Heng Wei, Shanghui Chen, Song Wang, Kaijun Holmes, Dawn E. Yuan, Quan Beijing100083 China School of Ecology and Environment Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing100048 China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Department of Physical and Biological Sciences Western New England University 1215 Wilbraham Road SpringfieldMA01119 United States

In this study, enhanced membrane coagulation (EMC) sludge was subjected to various alkaline (pH 7.2, 10, and 11), temperature (35 °C and 55 °C), and duration (0.5 h and 1 day) pretreatment conditions before being inoculated into biogas reactors operated for 176 days. Optimal pretreatment (pH 11, 55 °C, and 1 day) effectively hydrolyzed particulate COD to SCOD (8435 ± 121 mg/L). Higher pH levels also facilitated the dissolution of amphoteric aluminum-phosphorus (Al-P) compounds, enhancing phosphorus release (91.8 mg/L) from the sludge. This alkaline pretreatment, especially under optimal conditions, significantly increased biogas production and methane concentrations in long-term semi-continuous anaerobic digesters, with methane yields of 188.4 mL/gVS. The microbial community structure in all three reactors exhibited similar shifts, with saccharolytic and proteolytic fermentative bacteria dominating early stages and Thermovirga and an uncultured bacterium (Run-SP154) prevalent in later stages. Methanothrix, an acetotrophic methanogen, dominated the archaeal community in the inoculum (>91 %) and remained prominent (>40 %) throughout the experiment, while hydrogenotrophic methanogens from the genus Methanolinea increased over time, accounting for >24 % of the sequences in the final stages. Additionally, the feasibility of using EMC digestate as fertilizer for mulberry plants was tested, showing that digestate from optimally pretreated sludge promoted better growth than conventional chemical fertilizers. This suggests that this approach is a promising method for decentralized sewage treatment systems. © 2024

关键词： Anaerobic digestion

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Evaluating the emission status of light-duty gasoline vehicles and motorcycles in Macao with real-world remote sensing measurement

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2014年第11期26卷 2240-2248页

作者： Yu Zhou Ye Wu Shaojun Zhang Lixin Fu Jiming Hao School of Environment State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Tsinghua University State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex

Roadside remote sensing measurement was used to explore the real-world emission status of light duty gasoline vehicles （LDGVs） and motorcycles in Macao. Both fuel-based and distance-based emission factors were derived using the mass balance method. The emission concentration profile of LDGVs illustrated the benefits of tightening emission standards at the source country or region of import. The distance-based emission factors for CO, HC and NOx of LDGVs registered before 2000 were 8.00, 1.04 and 1.36 g/km, respectively. The distance-based emission factors for CO, HC and NOx of LDGVs registered in or after 2000 were 1.16, 0.15 and 0.18 g/km, respectively. The fuel-based CO emission factors of light duty motorcycles （LDMCs） and heavy duty motorcycles （HDMCs） registered before 2000 were about 10 times higher than those of LDGVs of the same age group. As the emissions of LDGVs decreased more quickly after 2000, the gap widens for newer vehicles. The distance-based HC emission factors of LDMCs and HDMCs registered before 2000 were 4.81 and 2.91 g/km, respectively. The distance-based HC emission factors of LDMCs and HDMCs registered in or after 2000 were 3.52 and 0.93 g/km, respectively. The poor emission performance of motorcycles and their larger share in the traffic flow will cause them to be the major contributor to traffic CO and HC emissions. LDMCs, especially two-stroke models, should be the priority for vehicle emission control efforts in Macao.

关键词： Emission Remote sensing Macao Motorcycle

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The control strategy and cost analysis for Series Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle

The control strategy and cost analysis for Series Plug-in hy...

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2nd IEEE International Conference on Advanced Computer control

作者： Jin, Li-qiang Zeng, Xia-hua Wang, Wei State Key Laboratory of Automobile Dynamical Simulation China

ISBN: (纸本)9781424458479

This paper introduced the character and focused control strategy for Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle. According to all electric range control strategy, a model of series Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle was built, which was used for simulation and study. The energy consumption and cost were compared to tradition series hybrid electric vehicle. The result indicated that purchase cost and fuel dependence of vehicle can be reduced mostly for Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle.

关键词： Plug-In control strategy Hybrid electric vehicle All electric range Fuel Substituting

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Ways to assess hydrogen production via life cycle analysis

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Science of the Total Environment 2025年 977卷 179355页

作者： Chen, Yang Guo, Wenshan Ngo, Huu Hao Chen, Zhuo Wei, Chunhai Bui, Xuan Thanh Van Tung, Tra Zhang, Huiying Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater School of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Technology Sydney SydneyNSW2007 Australia College of Life Sciences Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou350002 China Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China School of Civil Engineering Guangzhou University Guangzhou510006 China Ho Chi Minh City700000 Viet Nam Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable Development Nguyen Tat Thanh University Ho Chi Minh70000 Viet Nam

As global energy demand increases and reliance on fossil fuels becomes unsustainable, hydrogen presents a promising clean energy alternative due to its high energy density and potential for significant CO2 emission reductions. However, current hydrogen production methods largely depend on fossil fuels, contributing to considerable CO2 emissions and underscoring the need to transition to renewable energy sources and improved production technologies. Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) is essential for evaluating and optimizing hydrogen production by assessing environmental impacts such as Global Warming Potential (GWP), energy consumption, toxicity, and water usage. The key findings indicate that energy sources and feedstocks heavily influence the environmental impacts of hydrogen production. Hydrogen production from renewable energy sources, particularly wind, solar, and hydropower, demonstrates significantly lower environmental impacts than grid electricity and fossil fuel-based methods. Conversely, hydrogen production from grid electricity primarily derived from fossil fuels shows a high GWP. Furthermore, challenges related to data accuracy, economic analysis integration, and measuring mixed gases are discussed. Future research should focus on improving data accuracy, assessing the impact of technological advancements, and exploring new hydrogen production methods. Harmonizing assessment methodologies across different production pathways and standardizing functional units, such as "1 kg of hydrogen produced, " are critical for enabling transparent and consistent sustainability evaluations. Techniques such as stochastic modelling and Monte Carlo simulations can improve uncertainty management and enhance the reliability of LCA results. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Clean energy

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