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Polyethylene microplastics hamper aged biochar’s potential in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions

Carbon Research 2025年第1期4卷 1-14页

作者： Chen, Yalan Wang, Zhibo Zhang, Anqi Li, Yang Sun, Ke Jiang, Chenrun Gunina, Anna Aloufi, Abeer S. Liang, Xinru Han, Zichen Xiao, Yue Zhang, Yunqian Du, Zhangliu Zhu, Shishu Kuzyakov, Yakov State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing100875 China College of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University Beijing100875 China Department of Urban Engineering Graduate School of Engineering The University of Tokyo Tokyo113-8656 Japan Agrarian and Technological Institute RUDN University Miklukho-Maklaya st. 6 Moscow117198 Russia Department of Biology College of Science Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University P.O. Box 84428 Riyadh11671 Saudi Arabia Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural University Beijing100193 China The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters Ministry of Education School of Environment and Energy South China University of Technology Guangzhou510006 China Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems Department of Agricultural Soil Science University of Goettingen Göttingen37077 Germany Moscow117198 Russia

While biochar effectively reduces greenhouse gas emissions, the coincident microplastics will alter these benefits. To assess the long-term efficacy of biochar application in reducing emissions amidst microplastic interference, we investigated the interactive effects of polyethylene microplastics (1%–5% wt) and decadal biochar addition (aged biochar) on C and N stability in a Fluvic Cambisol. Aged biochar and polyethylene individually reduced CO2 emissions by 49% and 18%, respectively, over 91-day incubation. This was due to decreased soil aggregation, dissolved organic matter (DOM) content, and increased DOM aromaticity, which reduced microbial biomass and chitinase activity associated with soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition. This ultimately led to increased accumulation of microbial necromass carbon (MNC) to soil stable carbon pool. Interestingly, the coexistence of polyethylene diminished the efficacy of biochar in mitigating CO2 emissions (+ 44 ~ 82%) and stabilizing MNC (-18 ~ 23%). This was because the interaction between polyethylene and biochar facilitated macroaggregate formation and DOM accumulation and decreased DOM aromaticity, which increased microbial biomass and chitinase activity for SOM decomposition. Similar to soil C dynamics, aged biochar largely reduced N2O emissions by 54%, due to decreased nirK but increased nifH genes. Polyethylene increased N2O emissions by 5% and 25% in biochar-free and aged biochar soil, respectively, likely through upregulation of nirS and nirK but downregulating nifH gene expression. Thus, polyethylene microplastics may undermine the benefits of biochar in mitigating climate change, highlighting the necessity to recognize microplastics as a global change factor and to incorporate their role in elemental cycling alongside their global transport. Graphic Abstract: (Figure presented.) © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Greenhouse gas emissions

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Toward net-zero cement: linking demand-side measures with plant-level technology strategies

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Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2025年 220卷

作者： Song, Xinke An, Kangxin Wang, Rui Liu, Gang Wang, Can State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Department of Earth System Science Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking University Beijing100871 China Institute of Carbon Neutrality Peking University Beijing100871 China

Achieving climate goals in the cement sector requires combining supply- and demand-side strategies. To explore this interplay, this study develops a spatially explicit modeling framework that integrates sectoral decarbonization pathways and plant-level optimization. Results show that, in 2060, incorporating demand-side measures—compared to relying solely on supply-side technologies—reduces required carbon capture and storage (CCS)-equipped clinker capacity from 941.9 to 353.8 Mt/year, inter-provincial CO₂ transport from 182.6 to 41.7 Mt/year, and mitigation costs from 246 to 217 CNY/tCO₂. These measures also enable net-negative emissions of -69.0 Mt CO₂/year. Spatial analysis highlights Henan, Hebei, Sichuan, and Anhui provinces as priority regions for CCS deployment across all scenarios, reflecting the existing industrial structure and proximity to geological storage sites. These findings offer practical insights for optimizing plant-level technology choices, strengthening regional coordination, and advancing integrated mitigation policy development. © 2025

关键词： Carbon capture and storage Cement industry Demand-side transformation Net-zero Spatial optimization

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Historical inventories and future scenarios of multiple hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) emissions from the iron and steel production industry in China

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Science of the Total Environment 2025年 958卷 178051页

作者： Yang, Junqi Tian, Hezhong Fu, Zhiqiang Bai, Xiaoxuan Wang, Kun Liu, Wenjun Lu, Yiping Zhou, Yu Zhao, Hongyan Cui, Jiangyu Du, Qinwei State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation & Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing100875 China Center for Atmospheric Environmental Studies Beijing Normal University Beijing100875 China Beijing100045 China Institute of Urban Safety and Environmental Science Beijing Academy of Science and Technology Beijing100054 China

Iron and steel production (ISP) is one of significant atmospheric pollution emission sources in China. With the implementation of ultra-low emission (ULE) standards, a detailed and new updated emission inventory is urgently needed for better understanding of the temporal trends and spatial variation of emission characteristics. In this study, a unit-based comprehensive emission inventory of multiple hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) for the Chinese ISP spanned from 2012 to 2021, including the conventional pollutants, 13 kinds of Trace elements as well as 2 unconventional but toxic pollutants (PCDD/Fs, F), was dedicatedly developed by integrating dynamic localized emission factors with unit-based information of both the detailed activity level and abatement technology application. Scenario analyses were also conducted to forecast future emission trends up to 2050. The results showed that the lower emission factors owing to ULE retrofits had resulted in different spatial-temporal emission characteristics between outputs and HAPs emissions. The atmospheric emissions of SO2, NOX, PM2.5, PM10, TSP, F and PCDD/Fs from Chinese ISP in 2021 were estimated at about 414.4, 450.5, 1044.3, 2001.6, 3958.8, 9.42 kt and 9.35 kg-TEQ, respectively. And most HAPs emissions were lower than those in 2012. Regarding the spatial distribution, Hebei, Jiangsu, Shanxi, ranked as the top 3 emission provinces. Moreover, different manufacturing processes (sintering, blast furnace, steel making, etc.) contributed with different magnitude for specific species, and the future trends estimation showed a great reducing potential caused by the implementation of ULE abatement measures and structure adjustment in future. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Iron and steel industry

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A pH-responsive production of hydroxyl radical in Fenton process

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Environmental Science and Ecotechnology 2025年 25卷

作者： Wang, Pengyi Kang, Fan Huang, Xiangbin Luo, Zhipeng Zou, Jing Yang, Min Sun, Meng Yu, Xin Zeng, Huabin College of the Environment & Ecology Xiamen University Xiamen 361102 China Fujian Key Laboratory of Coastal Pollution Prevention and Control Xiamen University Xiamen 361102 China Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control College of Civil Engineering Huaqiao University Fujian Xiamen 361021 China State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Shenzhen 518055 China Center for Water and Ecology State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China

Efficient management of temporal latency and spatial heterogeneity remains a critical challenge in sensor-based pH regulation for smart water management, primarily due to inherent response delays and mass transfer constraints. In oxidation systems with dynamic pH environments, delayed responses can lead to issues such as cyanide release, unwanted side reactions, or pipe damage. To address these challenges, we propose a “pause-then-adjust” control strategy, exploiting the pH-responsive generation of hydroxyl radicals (^•OH) in a modified Fenton reaction system. This system utilizes hydroxylamine as an electron donor and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) as a stabilizer for iron ions. Within the pH range of 7.0–10.0, the coexistence of [Fe²⁺-EDTA]²⁻ and [Fe³⁺-OH-EDTA]²⁻ complexes facilitates efficient electron transfer, resulting in the selective and sustained production of ^•OH radicals. The inherent pH-responsiveness of this strategy enables rapid and spatially coherent adjustments, offering a robust supplementary method for addressing complex and evolving requirements in advanced water treatment systems. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： EDTA Fenton process Hydroxyl radical Hydroxylamine pH-responsiveness

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Weight Scheduling Model Predictive control for Gear Shift of a 2-Speed Electric Vehicle 34

Weight Scheduling Model Predictive Control for Gear Shift of...

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第三十四届中国控制会议

作者： YE keyu LIU Qifang GAO Bingzhao CHEN Hong Department of Control Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Automobile Dynamic Simulation

ISBN: (纸本)9781467374439

A weight scheduling model predictive controller is proposed for gear shift of an electric vehicle with a 2-speed IAMT. In the inertia phase, the contradictory control objectives of less friction work and smooth transmission output torque are included in the objective function, which aims to improve shift quality. In order to trade off contradictory requirements, a set of suitable weighting factors are chosen to solve this gear shift control problem. The designed weight scheduling model predictive controller is tested with a complete simulation model of powertrain system in the nominal conditions under different acceleration commands and in the changed conditions. The simulation results verified that the proposed controller can provide satisfactory performance even under uncertainties of vehicle mass and road grade.

关键词： Gear Shifting,2-Speed AMT,Weight Scheduling Model Predictive control,Electric Vehicle

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Independent of alkalinity addition: Ammonia recovery via gas permeable membranes driven by self-sustained alkalinity in anaerobic digestate with low-rate aeration

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Journal of Water Process Engineering 2025年 74卷

作者： Wu, Linjun Li, Huan Zhou, Yuexi Shen, Zhiqiang Zuo, Jiane State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences Beijing 100012 China Research Center of Environmental Pollution Control Engineering Technology Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing 100012 China Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 China

This research evaluated the efficacy of self-sustaining alkalinity driven gas permeable membrane (SSAD-GPM) in ammonia recovery under low-rate aeration. This research initially confirmed the role of HCO₃⁻ and CO₃²⁻ in enhancing alkalinity release and ammonia conversion. It was determined that providing alkalinity through HCO₃⁻ necessitates the consumption of inorganic carbon (IC), and highlighting the criticality of maintaining a HCO₃⁻/NH₄⁺ ratio exceeding 1.0 to optimize ammonia removal efficiency (>90.5 %). Alkalinity via CO₃²⁻ involves a two-stage hydrolysis process, consuming IC only in the second phase. Then, comparing SSAD-GPM with alkalinity addition driven GPM (AAD-GPM) for real anaerobic digestate treatment, SSAD-GPM demonstrated an initial ammonia removal efficiency of 99.1 %, which reduced to 82.8 % after 40 days of operation. In contrast, the efficiency of AAD-GPM decreased to 62.6 %. Superior anti-fouling performance of SSAD-GPM, due to aeration-induced turbulence, mitigated concentration polarization and fouling. Efficiency was restored to 98.1 % post-cleaning with tap water. Lastly, this research assessed the alkalinity consumption and cost of various ammonia removal/recovery strategies, demonstrating that SSAD-GPM can substantially lower operating costs, yielding a net profit of $0.081/kg N. These findings underscore the potential of SSAD-GPM as a cost-effective approach for treating high ammonia‑nitrogen wastewater with sufficient self-sustaining alkalinity (HCO₃⁻/NH₄⁺ > 1.0). © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Ammonia recovery Anaerobic digestate Gas permeable membrane Low-rate aeration Self-sustaining alkalinity

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Country-level antibiotic risk assessment in the multiple environmental matrices based on decennial data

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Environmental Research 2025年 279卷 121762页

作者： Zhou, Dafang Chen, Linpeng Huang, Fuyang Yan, Bingshuang Zhou, Zikun Wang, Bin Liu, Fei Dong, Faqin Ren, Dong MOE Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle Southwest University of Science and Technology Sichuan Mianyang China Tianfu Institute of Research and Innovation Southwest University of Science and Technology Chengdu China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing China Beijing China College of Environmental Science and Engineering China West Normal University Nanchong637009 China

The overuse of antibiotics has led to widespread environmental detection. However, country-level antibiotic risks from a global perspective remain unclear, highlighting a crucial need for antibiotic management worldwide. This study elucidated a global assessment of antibiotic detection frequencies and concentrations across various countries, compared detection levels of antibiotic classifications across compartments in representative countries, and conducted a risk assessment based on predicted no-effect concentrations (PNECs) for antibiotic resistance and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) relevant to microbial nitrogen cycling. A decennial dataset comprising 431,441 records for 137 antibiotics across eight environmental compartments in 45 countries was analyzed. Results showed that Kenya (199 %) had the highest cumulative detection frequencies of four aqueous media. Wastewater from WWTPs (mean: 19.7 ng/L) and animal manure (mean: 2.6 μg/kg) exhibited the highest levels in aqueous and solid media, respectively. From sources to receptors, the highest antibiotic detections and concentrations were found in wastewater from WWTP, where quinolones dominated in France and the USA, and sulfonamides in Kenya (175−357 detections, median: 137−580 ng/L). Similarly, in surface water, sulfonamides were significant in Kenya and Vietnam, quinolones in Kenya (290−2049 detections, median: 32−70 ng/L). From the perspective of cumulative risk, Malaysia, China, and Canada are ranked the top three for both PNECs risk (81 %–191 %) and MICs risk (211 %–236 %). Whether for PNECs or MICs, sulfonamides are the most exceedance-prone antibiotic class across countries and also the highest-risk antibiotic class (median: 33 %). According to the total risk results from different countries, Malaysia (402 %) has the highest risk, followed by Canada (317 %) and China (315 %). The highest antibiotic risks were observed in Asia (medium SDG score), followed by Europe and the Americas (high SDG sco

关键词： Risk assessment

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simulation of Co2 Flux and Evaluation of Carbon Neutrality Potential at the Neighborhood Scale in Beijing with Multi-Source Data

SSRN

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Luo, Wen-Rong Che, Hui-Zheng Miao, Shi-Guang Dou, Jun-Xia Zheng, Ying-Qi Zhou, Yu-Yu Su, Zhi-Min Wu, Ye Wang, De Yi, Xin Gui, Ke Zheng, Yu Li, Lei Zhang, Xiao-Ye Nanjing210044 China State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing100081 China Beijing100089 China Beijing100029 China Department of Geography The University of Hong Kong 999077 Hong Kong State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100085 China School of Environment State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China College of Architecture and Urban Planning Tongji University Shanghai200092 China Tsinghua University China

The urban block serves as the fundamental unit for fine-scale management of urban carbon emissions, playing a critical role in achieving urban carbon neutrality and sustainable development. Carbon source-sink data at the urban block scale exhibit significant spatial heterogeneity, and accurate estimation of CO2 fluxes helps to better understand the relationship between urban carbon processes and both anthropogenic and natural factors. This study utilized multi-source data and the SUEWS urban land surface model to simulate CO2 fluxes at high temporal (hourly) and spatial (20m) resolution in the typical mixed-use areas of Haidian and Chaoyang stations in Beijing. Carbon fluxes from traffic, buildings, human metabolism, soil, and vegetation were quantified for the years 2016, 2019, and 2020. The results show that the SUEWS model effectively captures the temporal and spatial dynamics of CO2 flux in the study area. The multi-year average CO2 flux at Chaoyang and Haidian stations was 28.17 and 12.87 kg CO2 m−2 yr−1, respectively. Road traffic accounted for the largest share of CO2 emissions, contributing more than 50%, followed by emissions from buildings and human metabolism. The study also evaluated the potential for carbon reduction in urban blocks under future low-carbon policies. Under the moderate emission scenario SSP2-4.5, along with the implementation of strong policy measures, including 80% rooftop greening and electric vehicle adoption, carbon emissions in urban blocks could be reduced by approximately 60%. This study provides essential data and technical support for urban CO2 reduction through fine-scale CO2 flux calculations. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Anthropogenic

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control of water contamination on side window of road vehicles by A-pillar section parameter optimization

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2020年第6期32卷 1138-1150页

作者： Li Xin Xing-jun Hu Jing-yu Wang State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control Jilin UniversityChangchun130025China

The water contamination on the side windows of moving vehicles is a crucial issue in improving the driving safety and the *** this paper,an effective optimization method is proposed to reduce the water contamination on the side windows of *** accuracy and the efficiency of the numerical simulation are improved by using the lattice Boltzmann method,and the Lagrangian particle tracking *** parameters are constructed on the basis of the occurrence of the water deposition on a vehicle’s side *** water contamination area of the side window and the aerodynamic drag are considered simultaneously in the design process;these two factors are used to form the multi-objective optimization function in the genetic algorithm(GA)*** approximate model,the boundary-seeded domain method,and the GA method are combined in this study to enhance the optimization *** optimization,the optimal parameters for the A-pillar section are determined by setting the boundary to an area of W=7.77 mm,L=1.27 mm and H=11.22 *** side window’s soiling area in the optimized model is reduced by 66.93%,and the aerodynamic drag is increased by 0.41%only,as compared with the original *** is shown that the optimization method can effectively solve the water contamination problem of side windows.

关键词： Water contamination aerodynamic drag A-pillar section parameters multi-objective optimization approximate model genetic algorithm

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MPC‑Based Coordinated control of Gear Shifting Process for a Power‑split Hybrid Electric Bus with a Clutchless AMT

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2022年第6期35卷 377-389页

作者： Tong Liu Xiaohua Zeng Dafeng Song State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control Jilin UniversityChangchun 130025China

Two-speed clutchless automated manual transmission(AMT)has been widely implemented in electric vehicles for its simple structure and low *** contrast,due to the complex response characteristics of powertrain,utilizing clutchless AMT in a hybrid power system comes with complex coordination control *** order to address these issues,a power-split hybrid electric bus with two-speed clutchless AMT is studied in this paper,and a coordinated control method based on model predictive control(MPC)is used in gear shifting control strategy(GSCS)to improve gear shifting quality and reduce system ***,the dynamic model of power sources and other main powertrain components including a single planetary gear set and AMT are established on the basis of data-driven and mechanism modeling ***,the GSCS is put forward using the segmented control idea,and the shifting process is divided into five phases,including(I)unloading of drive motor,(II)shifting to neutral gear,(III)active speed synchronization by drive motor,(IV)engaging to new gear,and(V)resuming the drive motor’s power,among which the phases I and V have evident impact on the system ***,the MPC-based control method is adopted for these phases,and the fast compensation of driving torque is realized by combining the prediction model and quadratic programming *** simulation results show that the proposed GSCS can effectively reduce shift jerk and improve driving *** research proposes a coordinated control strategy of two-speed clutchless AMT,which can effectively improve the smoothness of gear shifting and provides a reference for the application of two speed clutchless AMT in power-split hybrid powertrains.

关键词： Power-split hybrid electric bus Shift jerk Model predictive control

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