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Optimal Allocation Strategy of Frequency Modulation Power for Multiple Energy Storage Systems Considering Dual Constraints of Frequency Modulation Cost and Frequency Modulation Capability

Optimal Allocation Strategy of Frequency Modulation Power fo...

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2023 IEEE International Conference on Power Science and Technology, ICPST 2023

作者： Peng, Yongming Si, Wenbo Zhao, Haiji Lv, Changlin Liu, Chengzhe Xu, Fei Hao, Ling Li, Junhui Northeast Branch of State Grid Corporation of China Shenyang China Key Laboratory of Modern Power System Simulation and Control & Renewable Energy Technology Jilin China State Key Laboratory of Power System and Power Generation Equipment Control and Simulation Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350311358

Aiming at the power allocation problem of multiple energy storage power stations distributed at different locations in the regional power grid participating in frequency modulation services, a frequency modulation power optimization allocation strategy for multiple energy storage systems considering the dual constraints of frequency modulation cost and frequency modulation capability is proposed. Firstly, a multi-objective optimization allocation model for frequency modulation power is constructed with the minimum frequency modulation cost and minimum deviation of the state of charge (SOC) for energy storage power plants. Secondly, using Pareto based multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) to solve the model, introduce adaptive weight coefficients and fuzzy membership functions for each objective function regarding the frequency regulation demand of the power grid and the deviation of the SOC of energy storage stations, construct a comprehensive satisfaction function to make decisions on the most advantageous points on the Pareto frontier, in order to obtain the optimal output of each energy storage station that can adapt to the frequency regulation requirements of the power grid. Finally, simulation analysis was conducted on the proposed strategy in this article, and the results showed that: The proposed strategy not only enhances the frequency regulation economy of the regional power grid, but also helps to restore the SOC of the energy storage power station. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Frequency modulation

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Effects of heterogeneous reaction with NO_(2) on ice nucleation activities of feldspar and Arizona Test Dust

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第5期127卷 210-221页

作者： Lanxiadi Chen Chao Peng Jingchuan Chen Jie Chen Wenjun Gu Xiaohong Jia Zhijun Wu Qiyuan Wang Mingjin Tang State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources UtilizationGuangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and ControlGuangzhou Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510640China CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science Guangzhou 510640China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary GeologyInstitute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi’an 710061China

Mineral dust is an important type of ice nucleating particles in the troposphere;however,the effects of heterogeneous reactions on ice nucleation(IN)activities of mineral dust remain to be elucidated.A droplet-freezing apparatus(Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Ice Nucleation Apparatus,GIGINA)was developed in thiswork to measure IN activities of atmospheric particles in the immersion freezingmode,and its performancewas validated by a series of experimental *** apparatus was then employed to measure IN activities of feldspar and Arizona Test Dust(ATD)particles before and after heterogeneous reaction with NO_(2)(10±0.5 ppmv)at 40%relative *** surface coverage of nitrate,θ(NO_(3)^(−)),increased to 3.1±0.2 for feldspar after reaction with NO_(2) for 6 hr,and meanwhile the active site density per unit surface area(ns)at-20℃ was reduced from 92±5 to<1.0 cm^(−2) by about two orders of magnitude;however,no changes in nitrate content or IN activities were observed for further increase in reaction time(up to 24 hr).Both nitrate content and IN activities changed continuously with reaction time(up to 24 hr)for ATD particles;after reaction with NO_(2) for 24 hr,θ(NO_(3)^(−))increased to 1.4±0.1 and ns at-20℃ was reduced from 20±4 to 9.7±1.9 cm^(−2) by a factor of∼*** work suggests that heterogeneous reaction with NO_(2),an abundant reactive nitrogen species in the troposphere,may significantly reduce IN activities of mineral dust in the immersion freezing mode.

关键词： Ice nucleation Mineral dust Heterogeneous reaction Nitrogen oxides Aerosol-cloud interaction

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Characteristics of controlled Bridge Circuit and Its Application in Magnetic Field Induction Measurement

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2024年第4期29卷 1105-1117页

作者： Yanchu Li Qingqing Ding Mingchen Yan Jiyao Wang Jun Xu Xinzhou Dong Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Key Laboratory of Control and Simulation of Power System and Generation Equipments Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 100096China

The article designs a new type of bridge circuit with a controlled source—when the resistance on the bridge arm of the controlled source bridge circuit meets the bridge balance condition, and the bridge branch contains only one Current-controlled Current Source (CCCS), a Voltage-controlled Current Source (VCCS), a Current-controlled Voltage Source (CCVS), or a Voltage-controlled Voltage Source (VCVS), the circuit is called a controlled bridge circuit, which has the characteristics of bridge balance. Due to the relationship between the controlled source and the bridge arm, the sensitivity of the components on the bridge is higher mathematically and logically. When applied to measurement, engineering, automatic control, and other fields, the controlled bridge circuit has higher control ac-curacy. Mathematical derivation and simulation results prove the correctness of the bridge balance conclusion and the special properties of this bridge when applied to the measurement field.

关键词： bridge bircuit bridge circuit applications bridge balanced condition controlled bridge circuit magnetic field induction measurement

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Review on corrosion and corrosion scale formation upon unlined cast iron pipes in drinking water distribution systems

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第7期34卷 173-189页

作者： Haiya Zhang Dibo Liu Lvtong Zhao Jun Wang Shuguang Xie Shuming Liu Pengfei Lin Xiaojian Zhang Chao Chen State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Research Institute for Environmental Innovation(Suzhou) TsinghuaSuzhou 215163China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China

The qualified finished water from water treatment plants(WTPs) may become discolored and deteriorated during transportation in drinking water distribution systems(DWDSs), which affected tap water quality seriously. This water stability problem often occurs due to pipe corrosion and the destabilization of corrosion scales. This paper provides a comprehensive review of pipe corrosion in DWDSs, including corrosion process, corrosion scale formation, influencing factors and monitoring technologies utilized in DWDSs. In terms of corrosion process, corrosion occurrence, development mechanisms, currently applied assays, and indices used to determine the corrosion possibility are summarized, as well as the chemical and bacterial influences. In terms of scale formation, explanations for the nature of corrosion and scale formation mechanisms are discussed and its typical multilayered structure is illustrated. Furthermore, the influences of water quality and microbial activity on scale transformation are comprehensively discussed. Corrosion-related bacteria at the genus level and their associated corrosion mechanism are also summarized. This review helps deepen the current understanding of pipe corrosion and scale formation in DWDSs, providing guidance for water supply utilities to ensure effective measures to maintain water quality stability and guarantee drinking water safety.

关键词： Corrosion Scale formation Water quality stability Drinking water distribution system Iron pipe Water supply safety

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Characteristics and variation law of wind-blown sand delivered to the Ningxia-Inner Mongolia reach of the Yellow River under a changing environment

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2022年第2期37卷 188-201页

作者： Zhichun Yue Ximin Yuan Lugan Cao Fuchang Tian Chao Han Hongwu Zhang State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety Tianjin University Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters Office in Ningxia State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering Tsinghua University

Wind-blown sand is one of the key factors affecting the evolution of sediment transport,erosion,and deposition in rivers crossing desert ***,the differences and complex variations in the spatial and temporal distribution of the underlying surface conditions are seldom considered in research on the river inflow of wind-blown sand over a long time *** Yellow River contains a large amount of *** Ningxia-Inner Mongolia reach of the Yellow River was selected as the research area of the current *** reach flows out of Heishanxia and then flows through the Tengger,Hedong,Ulan Buh,and Kubuqi *** the current study,the wind speed,vegetation coverage,and sand matter on the river basin's surface were analyzed from the perspectives of the river basin surface and riverbank *** vegetation coverage of the river basin's surface was calculated using the normalized difference vegetation *** on the types of sand matter,vegetation coverage,and other underlying surface conditions,the loose particle sediment transport efficiency was determined,the Lettau and Lettau formula for the sediment transport rate was modified,a surface wind-erosion sand flux model was established,and the amount of wind-blown sand transported into the Ningxia-Inner Mongolia reach was *** results show that,from 1981 to 2014,the annual average amount of wind-blown sand transported into the main stream and tributaries of the Ningxia-Inner Mongolia reach of the Yellow River were 7,310,000 and 13,190,000 t,*** Shizuishan-Bayangole reach received51% of the total wind-blown sand that transported into the main stream,while the tributaries in the Shidakongdui area were the most important source wind-blown sand,providing 74% of the total windblown sand inflow from the *** recent years,the amount of sand transported into the river of the mainstream and tributaries of the Ningxia-Inner Mongolia reach of the Yellow River has significantly decr

关键词： Yellow River Wind speed Vegetation coverage Regional wind erosion

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Evaporation Characteristics and Morphological Evolutions of Fuel Droplets After Hitting Different Wettability Surfaces

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2023年第2期20卷 734-747页

作者： Yanling Chen Liang Guo Ningning Cai Wanchen Sun Yuying Yan Degang Li Han Wang Rong Xuan State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control Jilin UniversityChangchun 130025China School of Business and Management Jilin UniversityChangchun130012China Faculty of Engineering University of NottinghamNottinghamNG72RDUK

To solve the wall-wetting problem in internal combustion engines,the physical and chemical etching methods are used to prepare different wettability surfaces with various *** evaporation characteristics and morphological evolution processes of diesel and n-butanol droplets after hitting the various surfaces are *** results show that the surface microstructures increase the surface roughness(Ra),enhancing the oleophilic property of the oleophilic *** with n-butanol droplets,the same surface shows stronger oleophobicity to diesel *** a droplet hits an oleophilic property surface with a lower temperature,the stronger the oleophilicity,the shorter the evaporation *** oleophilic surfaces,larger Ra leads to a higher Leidenfrost temperature(TLeid).The low TLeid caused by enhanced oleophobicity,dense microstructures and increased convex dome height facilitates droplet rebound and promotes the evaporation of the wall-impinging droplets into the *** evaporation rate of the droplets is not only related to the characteristics of the solid surfaces and the fuel droplets but also affected by the heat transfer rate to the droplets in different boiling *** spreading diameter of a droplet on an oleophobic surface varies significantly less with time than that on an oleophilic surface under the same surface temperature.

关键词： Fuel droplets Wettability Evaporation time Leidenfrost temperature Morphological evolutions

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SMA Trigger Hood Pop-up Mechanism and Driving Performance 8

SMA Trigger Hood Pop-up Mechanism and Driving Performance

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8th International Conference on Electromechanical control Technology and Transportation, ICECTT 2023

作者： Shen, Chuanliang Zhang, Longxu Du, Yingchen Yu, Jing Yue, Yubing State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control Jilin University 5988 Renmin Street Changchun130025 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781510668331

Aiming at the problems of chemical pollution and the inability to reuse the initiation method adopted by the traditional hood pop-up mechanism, a new hood pop-up mechanism that uses shape memory alloy (SMA) as the trigger power element is proposed to realize the improvement of the hood pop-up mechanism. High-speed triggering and reversible recovery, the mechanism is simple in structure, quick in response, and can be manually recovered after being bounced, which can be adapted to various car models. After the sensor is triggered, the supercapacitor heated the SMA element to drive it at a high speed. The locking mechanism is activated to release the energy stored in the spring, and the engine hood is lifted and limited after reaching a certain height. After the design of the engine hood lifting mechanism and the determination of parameters, the spring stiffness that meets the pedestrian protection requirements is determined to be 11000N/m by the numerical simulation method. Dynamics modeling and simulation were carried out to study the influence of different parameters on the bouncing response. Experimental results show that when the spring stiffness increases from 2000N/m to 5000N/m, the release time decreases from 19ms to 12ms, and the time needed to spring up to 100mm height decreases from 136mm to 84mm. The response speed of the spring mechanism is accelerated, which is consistent with the simulation results. © 2023 SPIE.

关键词： automobile drivers

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Promotional effect of stannum on Pd/CeO_(2)catalysts for CO and C_(3)H_(6)co-oxidation

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Journal of Rare Earths 2025年第3期43卷 508-515,I0003页

作者： Congwei Liu Jie Li Meng Wang Jieying Cai Miaomiao Liu Yulong Shan Yan Zhang Wenpo Shan Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment and Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academyof SciencesXiamen361021China Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research StationInstitute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesNingbo315800China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academyof SciencesBeijing100085China

The successful control of hydrocarbon and CO emissions from low-temperature diesel exhausts requires the use of highly active co-oxidation *** this study,Sn was used to enhance the catalytic performance of Pd/CeO_(2)in CO and C_(3)H_(6)co-oxidation ***_(2)with added stannum(Sn)was prepared as a support using the co-precipitation method,and Pd was loaded onto the support using the impregnation *** Sn addition(the optimal Ce/Sn ratio is 0.75:0.25),the T_(50)values of CO and C_(3)H_(6)are reduced by 20 and 32℃,respectively.A series of characterization methods indicates that the addition of Sn to the support greatly enhances its lattice oxygen mobility and increases the proportion of *** the co-oxidation process,stronger lattice oxygen mobility allows CO to react faster through the Mars-van Krevelen mechanism,weakening the competition with C_(3)H_(6)for O_(2).A higher PdO content enhances the C_(3)H_(6)oxidation ***,CO can more readily reduce PdO than Pd^(2+)in solid solution with the support,which consequently further enhances co-oxidation ***,the addition of Sn is a simple and effective strategy for enhancing the performance of Pd/CeO_(2)catalysts in CO and C_(3)H_(6)co-oxidation ***,the promotional effect of CO achieved in this study contributes to a deeper understanding of the interactions that occur during the co-oxidation of C_(3)H_(6)and CO.

关键词： CO and C_(3)H_(6)co-oxidation Pd/CeSn Oxygen mobility Pd species Rare earths

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Modeling and Parameter Sensitivity Analysis of Inductor Used Multi-material Powder Core

Modeling and Parameter Sensitivity Analysis of Inductor Used...

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International Conference on Wireless Power Transfer, ICWPT 2022

作者： Zhang, Yun Zheng, Zedong Li, Chi Zhou, Qing State Key Laboratory of Control and Simulation of Power System and Generation Equipment Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819906307

This paper proposes a novel inductor which combines multiple powder cores with different material properties, which can achieve optimization of multiple performance parameters. For inductor which combines multiple powder cores with different material properties and flat copper wire, the model of DC superimposition inductance, the model of core loss, the model of winding loss and the model of thermal resistor network are derived respectively. These models apply to all different kinds of powder cores, core sizes, wire sizes and winding arrangements. According to the above models, the impact of design parameters on performance parameters is analyzed, in which the design parameters include powder core material, core size, air gap, wire size and number of turns while the performance parameters include volume, power loss and temperature rise of the inductor. The analysis can provide theoretical basis for design and optimization of inductor. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Inductance

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Surface tension of single suspended aerosol microdroplets

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第4期35卷 520-524页

作者： Yukai Tong Zhijun Wu Bo Zhou Min Hu Anpei Ye Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices School of ElectronicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100094China

The surface tension of troposphere aerosols can significantly influence their atmospheric processes and key properties, particularly on the morphology, the phase transition, the activation as cloud condensation nuclei, and the gas-particle partitioning. However, directly measuring the surface tension of single ambient aerosol is quite challenging, due to the limitations of their picolitre volumes and thermal motion. Here, we developed a dual laser tweezers Raman spectroscopy(DLT-RS) system to directly sense the surface tension of single airborne microdroplets(PM10particles). A pair of aerosol droplets were trapped and driven to coalesce by the laser tweezers. Meanwhile, the backscattering light intensity and brightfield images during the coalescence process were recorded to characterize the aerosol surface tension. A remarkable advantage of directly sensing aerosol surface tension is that the solutes in aerosols are often supersaturated, which is common in atmospheric aerosols but almost unavailable in bulk *** experimentally measured the surface tension of aerosols composed of nitrates or oxalic acid/nitrate mixture. Besides, the variation of surface tension during aerosol aging process was also explored, which brings possible implications on the surface evolution of actual ambient aerosol during their atmospheric lifetime.

关键词： Surface tension Droplet coalescence Single aerosol Laser tweezers Aerosol aging

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