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Emergy-based Ecological Economic Evaluation of Beijing Urban Ecosystem

Procedia Environmental Sciences 2011年 5卷 18-24页

作者： Gengyuan Liu Zhifeng Yang Bin Chen State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

This emergy-based urban economic account provided a historical portrait of the urban economy and its structures to understand the overload of the biosphere‘s assimilative capacity. The basic situation of the urban economy, involving the indigenous resources base, emergy consumption patterns, emergy exports and imports, was investigated, accounted and discussed. Using a series of ratios and indices arising from emergy analysis, including emergy intensity, environmental load ratio and environmental sustainability, this paper analyzed the economic development in Beijing during the years of 1999 to 2006 and the heavy pressure it has put on the environment. Results showed that the development of economy in Beijing was closely correlated with the consumption of the non-renewable resources and it was exerting rising loads on the environment. Of the total emergy use by the economic system, the imported non-renewable resources from other provinces contributed most with increasing use from imported nonrenewable resources. Emergy intensity kept rising during the periods, with the increase of the environmental loads. The pressure of environmental protection, which was caused by the over-heated investments in Beijing, could be released after the completion of the infrastructure construction. On the whole, the results of this paper outlined a frame of reference towards how the urban metabolic analysis could drive the economic policies and sustainability.

关键词： Urban metabolism Emergy evaluation Economy Indicators

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A spatial comparative analysis of environmental impacts in Chinese urban metabolic processes

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Procedia Environmental Sciences 2011年 5卷 43-50页

作者： Gengyuan Liu Zhifeng Yang Bin Chen State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

Presented in this paper is an overview of environmental impacts in 31 typical Chinese cities in view of spatial variations based on emergy analysis. Moreover, the economic and ecological loss varies significantly across cities both in total sum due to diversities of geographic features, economic development levels and local energy use availability. A relative ranking of ESI variance ratio from the worst to best off showed the distribution of China's urban ecosystem metabolic levels. The results offer not only a classification of urban emissions’ impacts during the investigation period, but also the spatial hierarchy which may explain the spatial pattern of the landscape. This paper provides a reference towards how the urban environmental impacts drive economic policy and sustainability.

关键词： Urban metabolism Emergy evaluation Environmental impact assessment Spatial development mode

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Four angle model for the urban metabolism integrated analysis

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Procedia Environmental Sciences 2011年 5卷 81-86页

作者： Gengyuan Liu Zhifeng Yang Bin Chen State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

This emergy-based four angle model application is used to depict the variations of urban metabolic profile (energy and money) based on the changes experienced across the economic sectors over the years. The urban metabolic structure and efficiency results obtained for Beijing are compared to those for other European cities. In addition, for the Beijing's case, the study creates the foundation for a future analysis comparing the development of Beijing with that of Rome. The results imply that over three decade Beijing's urbanizing movement has greatly promoted the sustained development of the real estate and growth of urban household. The results also indicate that the emergy-based four angle model can be refined to become an integrative tool for evaluation, policy-making and regulation for ecosystem management concerning structure and efficiency at urban levels.

关键词： Emergy analysis Four angle model Urban metabolism Integrated analysis

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Comparison of different urban development strategy options to the urban metabolism optimal path

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Procedia Environmental Sciences 2011年 5卷 178-183页

作者： Gengyuan Liu Zhifeng Yang Bin Chen State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

An urban metabolic optimization model of energy resources consumption and airborne pollution emissions is built up in this paper, and taken as a yardstick for the efficiency of the four different scenarios measures for urban development. Sensitivity Analysis is proposed to the emergy approach in order to explain the procedure and the obtained results for the selected case study of Beijing metabolic system in the year 2006. The solution to the urban optimization problem can be obtained using the optimal control theory as an analytical tool. In this case, the theory of optimal control gives a normative answer to the question how the utilization of the resources inputs and the environment has to be chosen to maximize inter-temporal welfare. The results imply that during the investigation period, steel and iron have the most significant correlation between global environment impact and local economic development, which results from rapid construction growth favored by the local government in Beijing based on the results of the optimization and the comparison with different options of Chinese resource restructuring strategy, the following ranking of strategic options can be derived: increasing energy efficiency, implementing greenhouse gas control and air pollution treatment after the end of major infrastructure construction.

关键词： Sensitivity analysis Emergy evaluation Optimal path

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Backstepping sliding mode decentralized control for reconfigurable manipulators based on ESO

Backstepping sliding mode decentralized control for reconfig...

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作者： Dong, Bo Zhao, Bo Li, Yuanchun State Key Laboratory of Automobile Dynamic Simulation ChangChun 130022 China Department of Control Science and Engineering Jilin University ChangChun 130022 China

ISBN: (纸本)9789881725592

Based on Extended state Observer(ESO) and Lyapunov stability theory, a backstepping sliding mode decentralized control algorithm for reconfigurable manipulators is proposed in this paper. The dynamics of reconfigurable manipulators is represented as a set of interconnected subsystems. The backstepping technology is used to design the sliding mode decentralized controller. ESO which is used to model the unknown dynamics of subsystem and the interconnection term can be constructed using the state estimations. simulation examples are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed decentralized controller. © 2011 Chinese Assoc of Automati.

关键词： Decentralized control

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Limiting factor analysis of urban ecosystems based on emergy—A case study of three cities in the Pearl River Delta in China

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Procedia Environmental Sciences 2011年 5卷 131-138页

作者： Meirong Su Zhifeng Yang Bin Chen State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

The development of urban ecosystems is usually restricted by a few key limiting factors, including both the natural resource condition and the socioeconomic performance. To link the natural, economic and social subsystems together and uniformly measure the multiple ecological flows within and amongst these subsystems, emergy analysis was applied in this paper to describe the status quo of urban ecosystems in terms of energy and materials metabolism. Three typical cities, namely Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Zhuhai all in the Pearl River Delta urban cluster in China, are chosen as the cases, regarding the urban cluster as an important developmental pattern and trend of urban ecosystems. Using the data in 2005, an emergy-based analysis was conducted for the three cities from aspects of emergy structure, emergy intensity, emergy welfare, environmental pressure and ecologic economic interface. Based on the comparative results, the limiting factors of these urban ecosystems were further analyzed. This paper presents a meaningful comparison among different urban ecosystems in the same region, and provides a useful framework for urban ecological management based on limiting factors analysis of urban ecosystems.

关键词： Urban ecosystem limiting factor emergy the Pearl River Delta

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A novel frequency estimation method for harmonic signal in chaos

A novel frequency estimation method for harmonic signal in c...

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International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT)

作者： Haixin Sun Yaowu Shi Xiaodong Sun State Key Laboratory of Automobile Dynamic Simulation Jilin University Changchun China Jilin University Changchun Jilin CN

In this paper, we present a new method to estimate the frequencies of the harmonic signals embedded in strong chaotic interference. The method is based on wavelet multi-scale decomposition algorithm and correlation theory. Since the statistical characteristics of the harmonic signal and the chaotic interference are different, we use wavelet multi-scale decomposition algorithm to separate the harmonic signal from the chaotic interference and apply correlation theory to estimate the frequencies of the harmonic signals. The case in which white Gaussian noise exists in the chaotic interference is also studied in the paper. The method does not need either the dynamical equation or the reconstruction of the phase space of the chaotic interference. Theoretical analysis and simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

关键词： Interference Harmonic analysis Chaotic communication Frequency estimation Correlation Signal to noise ratio

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Dual enzymatic saccharification of food waste for ethanol fermentation

Dual enzymatic saccharification of food waste for ethanol fe...

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2nd Annual Conference on Electrical and control Engineering, ICECE 2011

作者： Zhang, Xiangfeng Richard, Tom State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802-1909 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781424481637

Lower efficiency serves as limiting factor in the enzymatic saccharification of food waste (FW) for ethanol fermentation. We investigated the effects of temperature, tetracycline;the optimization of dual enzymatic inoculation using simplex lattice design;as well as batch ethanol fermentation based on optimized FW saccharification. The moderate temperature (50 C) was proper to balance the saccharification efficiency and reducing sugar loss. The tetracycline inoculation (80 mg/L) dramatically prevented the reducing sugar loss of saccharification by inhibiting the microbial contaminants. The optimized ratio of -amylase and amyloglucosidase was 0.5:0.5, which indicated that the experimental results under the optimum conditions agreed well with the model predictions. The ethanol yield reached 0.25 g/g dry FW under optimum conditions of saccharification indicating this strategy could be promising to utilize FW. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： Temperature

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The development of a vehicle suspension Kinematics and Compliance facility

The development of a vehicle suspension Kinematics and Compl...

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International Conference on Electric Information and control Engineering

作者： Guo, Konghui Li, Ning Zhao, Yu Guo, Chuan Fu, Minzheng State Key Laboratory of Automobile Dynamic Simulation Jilin University Changchun China Co.Ltd Changchun China

ISBN: (纸本)9781424480395

A Kinematics and Compliance facility is a test rig which undertakes quasi-static testing of vehicles to measure the K&C characteristics of the suspension and steering systems. Through simulating bounce and roll of the vehicle body, making up force between the tire and the road, the test rig measures the alignment parameters, the stiffness of suspension and tire. When the body fix, the test rig applies load to the wheels of an axle or two with hydraulic actuators. The wheel deflection measure system is fit to six degree freedom. A steer robot is used to accomplish the steer test and measure steering angle and steering torque. The facility is an important tool for the design of vehicle suspension and many domestic manufacturers have purchased the product. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： automobile steering equipment

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Generalized H2 Static Output Feedback control for Continuous-Time Systems

Generalized H2 Static Output Feedback Control for Continuous...

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2011 International Conference on Frontiers in Computer Education(ICFCE 2011)

作者： Wang Zhaojian Zhang Jianwei Cao Shuang State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control of Jilin University Changchun Institute of Engineering and Technique

This paper is concerned with the design problem of generalized H2 static output feedback(SOF) for continuous-time systemsDue to the fact that SOF control is the simplest closed-loop control and the controller can be easily implemented in practice, the design of SOF controllers has attracted considerable attentionHowever, analytic solutions were generally given in terms of bilinear matrix inequalities(BMIs)Moreover, how to efficiently solve the BMIs is still a challenging problemIn this paper, a virtual output generator is used such that the states follow the input of the generatorThe design of SOF controllers is converted into a design of state feedback controllersIn order to suppress the external disturbance, we adopt the generalized H2(energy-to-peak) performance indexSufficient conditions for the existence of the controller and for the solvability of the addressed problem are given in terms of a set of linear matrix inequalities(LMIs).

关键词： Generalized H2 SOF BMI LMI

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