In this paper, a data-driven predictive controller is designed for the start-up process of vehicles with automated manual transmissions (AMTs). It is obtained directly from the input-output data of a driveline simulat...
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In this paper, a data-driven predictive controller is designed for the start-up process of vehicles with automated manual transmissions (AMTs). It is obtained directly from the input-output data of a driveline simulation model constructed by the commercial software AMESim. In order to obtain offset-free control for the reference input, the predictor equation is gained with incremental inputs and outputs. Because of the physical characteristics, the input and output constraints are considered explicitly in the problem formulation. The contradictory requirements of less friction losses and less driveline shock are included in the objective function. The designed controller is tested under nominal conditions and changed conditions. The simulation results show that, during the start-up process, the AMT clutch with the proposed controller works very well, and the process meets the control objectives: fast clutch lockup time, small friction losses, and the preservation of driver comfort, i.e., smooth acceleration of the vehicle. At the same time, the closed-loop system has the ability to reject uncertainties, such as the vehicle mass and road grade.
A traction control system based on AUTOBox for a four-wheel drive automatic mechanical transmission vehicle was designed. Road test was performed to match the different driving force control modes. The influences of t...
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A traction control system based on AUTOBox for a four-wheel drive automatic mechanical transmission vehicle was designed. Road test was performed to match the different driving force control modes. The influences of the conjoint control and independent control of the three control modes, the throttle control, the braking control and the gear control was analyzed. Experimental results show that the reasonable control method can effectively improve the vehicle's start and accelerate ability on the ice road.
International negotiations of reducing CO2 emissions address the question of how to meet commitments with more explicit engagment with subnational action and how to account annual CO2 emissions of each sector of one c...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9788890357411
International negotiations of reducing CO2 emissions address the question of how to meet commitments with more explicit engagment with subnational action and how to account annual CO2 emissions of each sector of one city. This study is to establish the CO2 inventories focused on four tiers of CO2 emissions form each sector, e.g. agriculture, industry, transportation and tertiary industry. Carbon footprint is chosen to evaluate 28 sectors of Chongqing, from four tiers, including direct emissions, emissions from purchased energy, the total supply chain, supply chain plus industrial process. Results showed that the first two tiers, only cover a small fraction of the total supply chain, especially for industrial sectors. We suggested that desion makers must acquire that tier 3 is intended to aid effective management strategies and climate change policies.
The dynamic properties between torsional and bending vibrations of a vertical mass unbalanced rotor are described. The equation of rotor system motion is obtained by Lagrangian dynamics without considering the externa...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9784883254194
The dynamic properties between torsional and bending vibrations of a vertical mass unbalanced rotor are described. The equation of rotor system motion is obtained by Lagrangian dynamics without considering the external actuating forces and torque, shows coupling effect and nonlinear interaction between the rotor system bending and torsional vibrations. An attempt of theoretical analysis and numerical simulation is made to reveal dynamic characteristics of a rotor system. Theoretical analysis of the rotor dynamic equations based on perturbation theory indicates that at stable state of vibration the coupled effect on the rotor system is nonexistent and the bending vibration becomes equal amplitude with shafting speed at stable vibration state. While the torsional vibration keeps on attenuating until it stops. In addition, the numerical simulation results to the dynamic equations, show that coupled torsional and bending vibrations are induced by mass eccentricity, and coupled effect can only be found in vibration initial state of the rotor system. Other numerical simulation results are consistent with the theoretical analysis.
To solve the real-time problem of MPC in miniaturized device and embedded system, this paper presents a new method for the design and implementation of MPC controller based on the FPGA (field programmable gate array) ...
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To solve the real-time problem of MPC in miniaturized device and embedded system, this paper presents a new method for the design and implementation of MPC controller based on the FPGA (field programmable gate array) chip. The FPGA/SOPC scheme based on Nios II software processor is used and the MPC controller is built on a FPGA chip. A real-time simulation platform based on FPGA and dSPACE is constructed to verify the functions and real-time performance of the MPC controller. Real-time simulation shows that the MPC controller based on FPGA has good real-time performance and the characteristic of miniaturization. Experiment results show that FPGA chip could be used to implement a reasonably sized constrained MPC controller.
In recent years,wetland ecological water requirements (EWRs) have been estimated by using hydrological and functional approaches,but those approaches have not yet been integrated for a whole *** paper presents a new m...
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In recent years,wetland ecological water requirements (EWRs) have been estimated by using hydrological and functional approaches,but those approaches have not yet been integrated for a whole *** paper presents a new method for calculating wetland EWRs,which is based on the response of habitats to water level,and determines water level threshold through the functional integrity of *** show that in the Huanghe (Yellow) River Delta water levels between 5.0 m and 5.5 m are required to maintain the functional integrity of the wetland at a value higher than *** of the dominant plants in the delta,Phragmites australis,tolerates water level fluctuation of about ± 0.25 m without the change in wetland functional *** minimum,optimum and maximum EWRs for the Huanghe River Delta are 9.42×106 m3,15.56×106 m3 and 24.12×106 m3 with water levels of 5.0 m,5.2 m and 5.5 m,corresponding to functional integrity indices of 0.70,0.84 and 0.72,respectively.A wetland restoration program has been performed,which aims to meet these EWRs in attempt to recover from losses of up to 98% in the delta's former wetland area.
Ecosystem services valuation is a widely accepted method to evaluating an ecosystem. And the similar calculating methods that different researchers adopt have a mutual shortage that it can not express the spatial diff...
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The conception and desirable quality of auto-body Class A Surfaces are presented. The processes of smoothing Class A Surfaces are discussed by taking bumper as an example. The arranging of control vertex, patch and de...
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The heterogeneous reaction of formaldehyde (HCHO) on the surface of titanium dioxide (TiO2) was investigated in situ using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) combined with ion chromat...
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The heterogeneous reaction of formaldehyde (HCHO) on the surface of titanium dioxide (TiO2) was investigated in situ using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) combined with ion chromatography (IC),X-ray diffraction (XRD),and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).Formate,dioxymethylene,methoxy,and polyoxymethylene were observed in the infrared spectra of TiO2 particles during the *** the surface of TiO2,the adsorbed HCHO was first oxidized to dioxymethylene and further oxidized to *** effects of temperature and ultraviolet radiation (UV) on the reaction products and reactive uptake coefficients were studied,and the results indicate that the reaction rate can be accelerated at increasing temperatures as well as under *** heterogeneous reaction mechanisms of HCHO on the surface of TiO2 in the dark and under UV irradiation are *** measurements show that formate formation on TiO2 is second order in HCHO concentration and the initial reactive uptake coefficients at room temperature calculated with the Brunauer-EmmettTeller specific surface area are (0.5-5) × 10-8 ([HCHO]:1 × 1013-2 × 10 14 molecules/cm3).A linear function relationship exists between the uptake coefficient and the *** apparent activation energy of the reaction was also determined.
The power network in China is encountering great changes and large-scale network is increasingly implemented for long distance power transmission as well as various kinds of power electronic devices, which bring in th...
The power network in China is encountering great changes and large-scale network is increasingly implemented for long distance power transmission as well as various kinds of power electronic devices, which bring in the risk of the torsional vibration of the turbine generator shafts, may cause the fatigue damage and cracks in the product life cycle. The paper analyzed the failed coupling of some 600MW steam turbine generator and calculated the local stress of the assembly under torsional load caused by the network disturbance. Then the crack propagation was analyzed with the predicted crack initiation position and crack propagation routine. The assembled coupling contains shaft, coupling and keys with interferences between the parts. Therefore the contact analysis was included. Extended Finite Element Method (X-FEM) is used to calculate the crack propagation and that the mesh needs not to be regenerated with the crack propagation, which is beneficial for engineering applications.
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