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Forecast of Consumption and Emission of HFC-134a Used in the Mobile Air-conditioner Sector in China

Advances in Climate Change Research 2010年第1期1卷 20-26页

作者： Jianxin Hu Dan Wan Chunmei Li Jianbo Zhang Xu Yi State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation ＆ Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences ＆ Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China Beijing Environmental Protection Supervision Team Beijing 100044 China China Automobile Industrial Association Beijing 100823 China

HFC-134a is the most important alternative to CFC-12 used in the mobile air-conditioner sector in China. The con- sumption of HFC-134a has been increasing rapidly in recent years. It becomes the most consumed HFC in the sector. Selecting 2005 as the base line year, future consumption and emission amounts of HFC-134a are estimated through an analysis of a combined scenario： 1） replacement by non-HFC-134a blends, 2） good practice in servicing, 3） technology promotion, and 4） government policies on control of HFC-134a emissions. The analysis shows that HFC-134a consumption and emissions will continue to increase in the next 10 years. The projected HFC-134a consumption will approach 20,150 t and 34,875 t in 2010 and 2015 respectively, while the estimated emission amounts will reach 16,065 t and 30,186 t （i.e., 21 Mt CO2-eq and 39 Mt CO2-eq emissions） correspondingly. Compared with the business-as-usual scenario, the expected emission reductions in 2010 and 2015 will range between 6.7 Mt CO2-eq and 13.0 Mt CO2-eq.

关键词： mobile air-conditioner HFC-134a emission reduction

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Route selection model in emergency evacuation based on quasi-user optimum dynamic traffic assignment

Route selection model in emergency evacuation based on quasi...

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2010 International Conference on Intelligent Computation Technology and Automation, ICICTA 2010

作者： Yang, Zhaosheng Yuan, Manrong Yang, Wei State Key Laboratory of Automobile Dynamic Simulation Jilin University Changchun Jilin 130022 China Traffic and Transportation College Jilin University Changchun Jilin 130022 China

ISBN: (纸本)9780769540771

The road network emergency evacuation means evacuating the traffic flow which is trapped to safer areas as immediately as possible, in order to bring the least impact and destruction by emergent catastrophe events. As the critical issue in emergency evacuation, aiming at the shortest evacuation time, we build a route selection model in emergency evacuation based on quasi-user optimum dynamic traffic assignment theory, and develop a constrained K-shortest paths algorithm within a dynamic restricted searching area. Efficiency and feasibility of the model and algorithm are proved by the simulation results. © 2010 IEEE.

关键词： Graph theory

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Application of wavelet packet transform in the knock detection of gasoline engines

Application of wavelet packet transform in the knock detecti...

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2nd International Conference on Image Analysis and Signal Processing, IASP'2010

作者： Liu, Chengcai Gao, Qing Jin, Ying-Ai Yang, Wenhong State Key Laboratory of Automobile Dynamic Simulation China College of Automotive Engineering Jilin University Changchun China College of Communication Engineering Jilin University Changchun China

ISBN: (纸本)9781424455553

In order to extract knock feature for gasoline engines, vibration signals are acquired by an accelerometer mounted on the engine block head;a method based on wavelet packet transform is researched in this paper. Power spectrum density (PSD) estimation is used to determine the band range of the resonance frequency generated by knock component. An autoregressive (AR) model is made for the short data segment which contains knock energy, and the resonance frequency is estimated with Burg algorithm. The result decides which layer of wavelet packet decomposition is needed. Then the coefficients of sub-bands are chosen with a proposed rule, so that the knock feature is obtained while noise is reduced significantly. Real vibration signals analysis indicates an improvement in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) with the proposed method;its performance is better than basic wavelet analysis method for light knock detection. ©2010 IEEE.

关键词： Feature extraction

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Vibration characteristics on a wind turbine rotor using modal and harmonic analysis of FEM

Vibration characteristics on a wind turbine rotor using moda...

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2010 2nd World Non-Grid-Connected Wind Power and Energy Conference, WNWEC 2010

作者： Liu, Chao Jiang, Dongxiang Chen, Jie State Key Laboratory of Control and Simulation of Power System and Generation Equipments Department of Thermal Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781424489213

A wind turbine rotor system containing blades has its own characteristics. The vibration characteristics of blades with special airfoil can influence the vibration characteristics of the rotor system. This paper analyzed the vibration characteristics of a wind turbine rotor including blades with two-dimensional airfoil. The Finite Element Method (FEM) is applied to establish the rotor model, with the purpose that the FEM can adjust complex blades airfoils and acquire the details of the blades vibration characteristics. The modal characteristics are extracted based on the wind turbine model established in the laboratory. Using harmonic analysis of FEM, the excitation forces on the blades caused by the stochastic wind load are imposed on the rotor model and the stable response of the rotor system is calculated using ANSYS. Then the vibration characteristics are analyzed and the characteristics of the harmonic response are studied under different phases of the circumferential and axial forces. © 2010 IEEE.

关键词： Harmonic analysis

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Study on lightning protection of cables and transformer in microgrid

Study on lightning protection of cables and transformer in m...

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作者： Yu, Hong-Qiao Chen, Shui-Ming Yang, Peng-Cheng State Key Laboratory of Control and Simulation of Power System and Generation Equipment Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781457700668

The cable and transformer are important distribution equipment in Microgrid. Due to the low insulation level, the insulation of them is easily damaged by lightning. The models of high-frequency transformer and the calculation model of induced lightning with transmission line based on electromagnetic transient calculation software PSCAD / EMTDC are designed in this paper. The lightning protection of cables and transformer in Microgrid, the transferred overvoltage of transformer and the effect of the length of cables and the load types to overvoltage level are researched. The conclusion shows that the induced overvoltage and transferred overvoltage could be reduced efficiently after installing surge arrester at the cables and transformer, but the direct lightning overvoltage is not reduced in the safety range;The longer the cables, the lower the overvoltage is;The inductively load can reduce the overvoltage level slightly while the capacitive and resistance loads has no influence. © 2010 Chinese Soc for Elec Eng.

关键词： Electrolysis

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Modal analysis of wind turbine tower

Modal analysis of wind turbine tower

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2010 2nd World Non-Grid-Connected Wind Power and Energy Conference, WNWEC 2010

作者： Chen, Jie Jiang, Dongxiang State Key Laboratory of Control and Simulation of Power System and Generation Equipments Department of Thermal Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781424489213

As the support structure of wind turbine, the tower bears alternating loads of wind when the wind turbine runs. To ensure the reliability of the wind turbine, it's necessary to carry out modal analysis on the tower, and this would prevent the natural frequency of the tower close to the rated speed of wind turbine. In this paper, finite element analysis of the tower is solved using ANSYS, and the natural frequencies and modes of the tower are presented. After comparing the results of three models, a simple model for modal analysis, which can be calculated in short time, is finally determined. © 2010 IEEE.

关键词： Modal analysis

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Approach to improving transfer path analysis in vehicle

Approach to improving transfer path analysis in vehicle

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International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation, ICMTMA 2010

作者： Liang, Tian-Ye Wang, Zhong-Dong Long, Yan Shi, Wen-Ku College of Plant Science Jilin University Changchun Jilin Province China State Key Laboratory of Automobile Dynamical Simulation Jilin University Changchun Jilin Province China

ISBN: (纸本)9780769539621

The theory of transfer path analysis (TPA) and its limitations are reviewed. An innovative unbiased estimation methodology of transfer function is introduced and applied. The measurement method of transfer function is improved. Then TPA of a car, using the data of easy measurement in operational condition of vehicle, can be put in practice for analyzing vibration transmissibility from engine transmitting to compartment. Accuracy of transfer function is improved, the process of measurement is predigested, and measurement time also is shorted. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is validated by the results. A data post-processing program of measurement specialized in estimation and analysis is developed. © 2010 IEEE.

关键词： Transfer functions

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Vibration analysis of commercial vehicle cab suspension and DOE optimization

Vibration analysis of commercial vehicle cab suspension and ...

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2010 International Conference on Computer, Mechatronics, control and Electronic Engineering, CMCE 2010

作者： Yang, Changhai Shi, Wenku Wang, Kaiyan College of Automotive Engineering Auto-Body Design Department Jilin University Changchun China State Key Laboratory of Automobile Dynamic Simulation Jilin University Changchun China

ISBN: (纸本)9781424479566

To study the vibration of cab suspension, a commercial vehicle cab suspension model which contains cab, seat, suspension parts and vibration exciter was built with ADAMS. The vibration equations of the cab suspension were analyzed. The model was simulated under the continuous accelerated excitation and the accuracy was testified. Design of Experiment method was used to optimize the model. By matching the stiffness and damping of the cab suspension, the vertical acceleration was reduced by 64%. The method was fit for optimizing the model. © 2010 IEEE.

关键词： Vibration analysis

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High time resolution observation and statistical analysis of atmospheric light extinction properties and the chemical speciation of fine particulates

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Science China Chemistry 2010年第8期53卷 1801-1808页

作者： YAO TingTing1,HUANG XiaoFeng1,HE LingYan1,HU Min2,SUN TianLe1,XUE Lian1,LIN Yun1,ZENG LiWu1 & ZHANG YuanHang2 1key laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology,School of Environment and Energy,Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School,Shenzhen 518055,China 2state key Joint laboratory of Environmental simulation and Pollution control College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China 1. Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology School of Environment and Energy Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 China2. State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China

In recent years,the visibility deterioration caused by regional fine particulate pollution becomes one of the crucial air pollution problems in the urban areas of our *** rapid variation of visibility and fine particulates make it difficult to estimate the relationship between them precisely and accurately unless high time resolution observation data can be *** study aims to fill this gap in the field of atmospheric science by establishing a formula using multiple linear *** fitting goodness (R2=0.913,n=3167) was obtained using 10 min average of high-resolution real-time light scattering coefficients,light absorption coefficients,main chemical speciation concentration in PM1 and some meteorological parameters from 17 Jan to 16 Feb,*** shows that the average light extinction coefficient during the observation in the winter of Shenzhen was measured to be 290 ± 183 Mm?1,consisting of 72% of light scattering and 21% of *** terms of the percentage contribution of PM1 chemical species to the total light extinction,the organic matter was estimated to be most with an average of 45%,followed by ammonium sulfate with an average of 24%.The contributions of black carbon and ammonium nitrate were 17% and 12%,***,the diurnal variation of light extinction was investigated as well in this study.

关键词： light extinction PM1 chemical speciation high time resolution multiple linear regressions

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Experimental investigation and analysis for gearbox fault

Experimental investigation and analysis for gearbox fault

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2010 2nd World Non-Grid-Connected Wind Power and Energy Conference, WNWEC 2010

作者： Li, Shaohua Jiang, Dongxiang Zhao, Minghao State Key Laboratory of Control and Simulation of Power System and Generation Equipment Department of Thermal Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781424489213

As an important component of a wind turbine drive chain, the high failure rate of the gearbox can have a serious impact on the operation of wind turbine units. The fault diagnosis of the gearbox is therefore important for the safety of wind turbine units. In this paper, a gearbox experiment rig was built, experiments on the gear surface spalling fault were held on the rig under laboratory conditions, the shaft vibration displacement signals were collected, related vibration signals were analyzed by time domain, amplitude domain, frequency domain and wavelet analysis, and the results of different analysis methods were compared. The results show that the waveform of normal and fault signals are similar, the amplitude of the signals will change while the fault happens, and the wavelet analysis is more effective than frequency domain analysis on gearbox fault features extraction. © 2010 IEEE.

关键词： Frequency domain analysis

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