Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is one of the major components of aerosols in the atmosphere and has not been well understood so *** to the complex chemical composition of organic aerosols,the identification of SOA ha...
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Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is one of the major components of aerosols in the atmosphere and has not been well understood so *** to the complex chemical composition of organic aerosols,the identification of SOA has been a hotspot and difficult issue in the field of aerosol *** study attempts to quantitatively identify SOA in winter of Shenzhen based on positive matrix factorization (PMF) *** sources were resolved and SOA was identified subsequently according to the characteristic ion fragments measured by highly time-resolved aerosol mass spectrometer *** showed that in the winter of Shenzhen the average SOA concentration was 9.41±6.33 g/m 3,accounting for 39.9±21.8% of the total organic *** with primary organic aerosol (POA),the SOA concentrations had no large variation,suggestive of characteristics of regional secondary *** ratio of SOA/BC had pronounced diurnal variation,similar to that of O x (O3+NO2),indicating SOA formation was significantly controlled by activity of photochemistry in the *** most effective period for SOA formation was from 9 am~3 pm since the SOA/BC ratio increased by 122% during this *** study provides a new technical method and a new idea for SOA investigation.
As one of the future most popular vehicles, Hybrid Electric Vehicle has to satisfy the challenging and often conflicting requirements. Environment concerns have motivated the legislated action by government around the...
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As one of the future most popular vehicles, Hybrid Electric Vehicle has to satisfy the challenging and often conflicting requirements. Environment concerns have motivated the legislated action by government around the world to reduce nocuous emissions. The requirements for reduction of CO2 need a high fuel economy. The people's demands for low cost and efficient require a high reliability control system. Modern Hybrid Electric Vehicle advanced techniques can meet above requirements. In this paper, the authors described advanced methodologies for a Hybrid Electric Vehicle. The HEV system configuration is introduction firstly. The microcontroller named MPC566 was selected for the HCU and discussed in the second section. Advanced simulation techniques were developed for the Goble system based on Powertrain System Analysis Toolkit (PSAT). A simulation with developed models in the Matlab/Simulink has been taken to fully explore the potential of these advanced vehicles. Furthermore, a road test for the hybrid vehicle equipped with designed controller based on some drive cycles has been taken. Test results showed that the fuel cost is almost the same with that of simulation.
The joint flexibility is an important issue in the conceptual design of car bodies. In the paper, semi-rigid connection is used to represent the compliant behavior of multi-branch flexible joints. The simplified joint...
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Based on the assumption that the parameter can be measured in real time, we propose a model predictive control (MPC) method for linear-parameter varying (LPV) systems subject to possibly asymmetric constraints which a...
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Based on the assumption that the parameter can be measured in real time, we propose a model predictive control (MPC) method for linear-parameter varying (LPV) systems subject to possibly asymmetric constraints which adopts the analogous framework of terminal control law, terminal set and terminal penalty of nonlinear model predictive control. The optimization problem is formulated as a convex optimization problem and, recursive feasibility and closed-loop stability are guaranteed by its feasibility at initial time. For LPV systems with symmetric constraints, we reformulate the convex optimization problem as a semi-definite program. Numerical examples demonstrate the properties of the proposed MPC design.
Aiming at the phenomenon of road traffic accident frequency, a method of road traffic accidents causes analysis based on data mining was put forward. First analyzed the related attributes and causes of road traffic ac...
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This paper proposes a robust model predictive control scheme for nonlinear systems with state and input constraints and unknown but bounded disturbances. A standard nominal model predictive control problem with tighte...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424474264
This paper proposes a robust model predictive control scheme for nonlinear systems with state and input constraints and unknown but bounded disturbances. A standard nominal model predictive control problem with tightened constraints is solved online, and its solution defines the nominal trajectory. An ancillary control law is determined off-line which keeps the trajectories of the error system in a disturbance invariant set. Thus, the evolution of original nonlinear system lies in the disturbance invariant set centered along the nominal trajectory. Furthermore, it is shown that both feasibility and stability of the closed-loop system are guaranteed if the standard nominal optimization problem is initially feasible.
Windscreen wiper is important components of automobile, and it must clear the dirt, rain and snow effectively. The state trajectory of the system and nominal trajectory of controlled quantity can be obtained based on ...
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Windscreen wiper is important components of automobile, and it must clear the dirt, rain and snow effectively. The state trajectory of the system and nominal trajectory of controlled quantity can be obtained based on differential flatness method, which is the two-degree feed-for-word control of controller. Feedback can be designed by PID controller with integral separation and it regulate the trajectory error of system, which caused by disturbance and uncertain factor. To solve the synchronous problem of double motors, the style of master-slave synchronization and clock control can be used in the system and the simulation result is given. From the simulation result, we can know that this proposed method in this paper avoid the collision because of the disturbance effectively, and the distance between the two windscreen wipers is greater than safety distance.
This paper presents an open system for designing and testing electronic control units of fast automotive control systems in order to build a prototype quickly and implement the real-time simulation verification. It in...
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This paper presents an open system for designing and testing electronic control units of fast automotive control systems in order to build a prototype quickly and implement the real-time simulation verification. It integrates hardware, software and algorithms on a single FPGA. FPGA board can be used for hardware and a Nios II-based SOPC (System-on-a-Programmable- Chip) system is used to implement software and algorithms. Finally, we implement and test a PID algorithm and a model predictive control algorithm for controlling an electronic throttle by dSPACE or xPC-Target. The results verify the functionality of the developed system.
The structure of the automotive electronic throttle control system is introduced in this paper. For the better tracking performance, a nonlinear electronic throttle model is setup for designing the controller. A obser...
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The structure of the automotive electronic throttle control system is introduced in this paper. For the better tracking performance, a nonlinear electronic throttle model is setup for designing the controller. A observer is designed to estimate the unmeasured state variable. Backstepping technique is used to design the nonlinear output feedback controller. Finally, The simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
Based on the mechanism modeling method and the experimental data chart (MAP)commonly used in automobile engineering, the Mean Value Engine Model is established in this paper. On this basis, Aiming at management of the...
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Based on the mechanism modeling method and the experimental data chart (MAP)commonly used in automobile engineering, the Mean Value Engine Model is established in this paper. On this basis, Aiming at management of the engine torque output, the airpath control system is designed, including the intake manifold pressure planning, throttle opening planning and throttle opening tracking. Finally, we verify the results in the environment of gasoline engine nominal value simulation model and high-fidelity four-cylinder PFI gasoline engine simulation model (enDYNA).
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