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Room-temperature liquid metal synthesis of nanoporous copper-indium heterostructures for efficient carbon dioxide reduction to syngas

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Science China Materials 2022年第12期65卷 3504-3512页

作者： Xingcheng Ma Feng Wang Dongxu Jiao Dantong Zhang Xiao Zhao David JSingh Jingxiang Zhao Xiaoqiang Cui Weitao Zheng State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control School of Materials Science and EngineeringKey Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOEJilin UniversityChangchun 130012China Key Laboratory of Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials Ministry of Educationand College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Normal UniversityHarbin 150025China Department of Physics and Astronomy and Department of Chemistry University of MissouriColumbiaMissouri 65211United States Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Oxide Materials and Devices Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China

Nanoporous metals show promising performances in electrochemical *** this paper,we report a self-supporting bimetallic porous heterogeneous indium/copper structure synthesized with a eutectic gallium-indium(EGaIn)material on a copper *** nanoporous copper-indium heterostructure catalyst exhibits excellent performance in the reduction of carbon dioxide to *** ratio of H_(2)/CO is tunable from 0.47 to 2.0 by changing working *** catalyst is highly stable,showing 96%maintenance of the current density after a 70-h continuous *** functional theory calculations reveal that the indium/copper interface induces charge redistribution within the copper surface,leading to the formation of two distinct active sites,namely,Cu^(δ)and Cu0,and enabling a high-performance generation of CO and H_(2).This work provides a new strategy for obtaining self-supporting nanoporous metal electrode catalysts.

关键词： syngas liquid metal EGaIn heterostructure nanoporous metal

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Vertical Tire Forces Estimation of Multi-Axle Trucks Based on an Adaptive Treble Extend Kalman Filter

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2021年第3期34卷 317-335页

作者： Buyang Zhang Ting Xu Hong Wang Yanjun Huang Guoying Chen Jihua Laboratory Foshan 528200GuangdongChina State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control Jilin UniversityChangchun 130022China Tsinghua Intelligent Vehicle Design and Safety Research Institute Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering University of WaterlooWaterlooCanada.

Vertical tire forces are essential for vehicle modelling and dynamic ***,an evaluation of the vertical tire forces on a multi-axle truck is difficult to *** current methods require a large amount of experimental data and many sensors owing to the wide variation of the parameters and the *** simplify the design process and reduce the demand of the sensors,this paper presents a practical approach to estimating the vertical tire forces of a multi-axle truck for dynamic *** estimation system is based on a novel vertical force model and a proposed adaptive treble extend Kalman filter(ATEKF).To adapt to the widely varying parameters,a sliding mode update is designed to make the ATEKF adaptive,and together with the use of an initial setting update and a vertical tire force adjustment,the overall system becomes more *** particular,the model aims to eliminate the effects of the over-constraint and the uneven weight *** results show that the ATEKF method achieves an excellent performance in a vertical force evaluation,and its performance is better than that of the treble extend Kalman filter.

关键词： Estimation theory Adaptive treble extend Kalman filter Vehicle dynamics Multi-axle truck Vertical tire force estimation

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Consumer perceptions and behaviors toward take-out food plastic packaging reduction: A case study of college students in China

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Circular Economy 2023年第3期2卷 100052-100052页

作者： Guan, Yusheng Wei, Fan Liu, Sijie Tan, Quanyin Li, Jinhui School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China

With the prevalence of online take-out food, the increasingly generated single-use plastic packaging waste has aroused public concern in the context of combating plastic pollution globally. The majority of present studies have focused on product design and policy design to influence the corporate behaviors in packaging waste management. Few attentions have been concentrated on consumer perceptions, a neglected vital factor in commercial practices, which determines whether the proposed measures can be effectively applied. This study takes college students, the main consumer group of take-out who are most likely to receive new environmental protection concepts, as a case study and employs the contingent valuation method to investigate their perceptions and behaviors toward emerging plastic packaging reduction approaches and taxation mechanisms. It was found that packaging circulation was preferred mostly with a proportion of 73.20% of the respondents, while taxation mechanism was more favored by those who have higher daily expenditure on meals. Gender, living costs and ordering frequency could significantly influence the acceptance levels. Therefore, a circulation mechanism using cabinet near take-out food hot spots and third-party cleaning services could target students and officers as pioneers. Regarding the taxation approach, it was suggested that the payment that most of the respondents could accept is 1.5 CNY. This study serves as a reference for the reduction of plastic waste from take-out packaging on campus, and provides a possible model that could reduce the environmental impacts of take-out food packaging through both taxation and circulation measures. The findings are expected to bring primary insights for take-out food plastic packaging reduction in China. For future studies, the methodology of this study was also well-prepared to investigate a larger scale of consumers and develop a more universal policy. © 2023 The Author(s)

关键词： Students

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Optimal Auxiliary Frequency control of Wind Turbine Generators and Coordination with Synchronous Generators

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2021年第1期7卷 78-85页

作者： Ming Sun Yong Min Lei Chen Kaiyuan Hou Deming Xia Hangyin Mao State Key Laboratory of Control and Simulation of Power System and Generation Equipment Department of Electrical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China with Northeast Branch of State Grid Corporation of China Shenyang 110180Liaoning ProvinceChina with State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co.LTD. Hangzhou 310007Zhejiang ProvinceChina

Auxiliary frequency control of a wind turbine generator(WTG) has been widely used to enhance the frequencysecurity of power systems with high penetration of renewableenergy. Previous studies recommend two types of control schemes,including frequency droop control and emulated inertia control,which simulate the response characteristics of the synchronousgenerator (SG). This paper plans to further explore the optimalauxiliary frequency control of the wind turbine based on previousresearch. First, it is determined that the virtual inertia control haslittle effect on the maximum rate of change of frequency (MaxROCOF)if the time delay of the control link of WTG is taken intoconsideration. Secondly, if a WTG operates in maximum powerpoint tracking (MPPT) mode and uses the rotor deceleration forfrequency modulation, its optimal auxiliary frequency control willcontain only droop control. Furthermore, if the droop control isproperly delayed, better system frequency response (SFR) willbe obtained. The reason is that coordination between the WTGand SG is important for SFR when the frequency modulationcapability of the WTG is limited. The frequency modulationcapability of the WTG is required to be released more ***, when designing optimal auxiliary frequency controlfor the WTG, a better control scheme is worth further study.

关键词： Frequency droop control power system frequency security rate of change of frequency(ROCOF) virtual inertia control wind turbine generator auxiliary frequency control

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Influence of NO_(x) on the activity of Pd/θ-Al_(2)O_(3) catalyst for methane oxidation: Alleviation of transient deactivation

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第2期34卷 38-47页

作者： Chang Cui Yan Zhang Wenpo Shan Yunbo Yu Hong He State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment and Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China Ningbo Research Center for Urban Environment Chinese Academy of SciencesNingbo 315800China Ganjiang Innovation Academy Chinese Academy of SciencesGanzhou 341000China

Alumina supported Pd catalyst(Pd/Al_(2)O_(3)) is active for complete oxidation of methane, while often suffers transient deactivation during the cold down process. Herein, heating and cooling cycle tests between 200 and 900 ℃ and isothermal experiments at 650 ℃ were conducted to investigate the influence of NO_(x) on transient deactivation of Pd/θ-Al_(2)O_(3) catalyst during the methane oxidation. It was found that the co-fed of NO alleviated transient deactivation in the cooling ramp from 800 to 500 ℃, which was resulted from the in situ formation of NO_(2) during the process of methane oxidation. Over the Pd/θ-Al_(2)O_(3), thermogravimetric analysis and O_(2) temperature programmed oxidation measurements confirmed that transient deactivation was due to the decomposition of Pd O particles and the hysteresis of Pd reoxidation, while the metal Pd entities were less active for methane oxidation than the Pd O ones. CO pulse chemisorption and scanning transmission electron microscopy characterizations rule out the NO_(2) effect on Pd size change. Powder X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterizations were used to obtain palladium status of Pd/θ-Al_(2)O_(3) before and after reactions, indicating that in lean conditions at 650 ℃, the presence of NO_(2) increases the content of active Pd O on the catalyst surface, thus benefits methane oxidation. Homogeneous reaction between CH 4, O_(2), and NO_(x) may be partially responsible for the alleviation above 650 ℃. The interesting research of alleviation in transient deactivation by NO_(x), the components co-existing in exhausts, are of great significance for the application.

关键词： Methane Catalytic oxidation Palladium NO_(x)influence

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Cyber-Attack Risk Assessment and Prevention Strategy of Substations Based on Dynamic Attack and Defense Game 3

Cyber-Attack Risk Assessment and Prevention Strategy of Subs...

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3rd Power System and Green Energy Conference, PSGEC 2023

作者： Lin, Feng Mei, Yong Zhu, Yihua Chang, Dongxu Liu, Ren Guo, Hengdao China Southern Power Grid Power Dispatch and Control Center GuangZhou China Electric Power Research Institute China Southern Power Grid State Key Laboratory of Hvdc GuangZhou China Electric Power Research Institute China Southern Power Grid National Energy Power Grid Technology R&d Centre GuangZhou China China Southern Power Grid Csg Key Laboratory for Power System Simulation GuangZhou China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Operation Control for New Energy Power System GuangZhou China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350340099

With the improvement of the informatization of the power system, the risk of cyber attack is also increasing. This paper proposes a risk assessment and prevention strategy for cyber attack against substations. Firstly, the cyber attack against substations are modeled based on the game theory of dynamic attack and defense. Secondly, an improved OPA (ORNL-PSERC-Alaska) model is utilized to analyze the cascade failure after cyber attacks and quantify the load loss of power system. Finally, a preventive strategy which can mitigate the expectation load loss caused by cyber attack against substations is put forward. simulation experiments were conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Risk assessment

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A Prognostic-Based Energy Management Strategy for Vehicular Pemfc Systems Considering Performance Degradation Mitigation

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Hu, Fuyuan Ma, Yan State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control Jilin University Changchun China Department of Control Science and Engineering Jilin University Renmin Street 5988 Changchun130012 China

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (FC) is a promising alternative for facilitating popularization of clean energy sources. In automotive industry, low durability has been a main obstacle hindering the commercialization of vehicular FC systems. Efficient energy management strategies (EMS) perform a crucial role in degradation mitigation of FC systems. Unlike other degradation-conscious EMSs based on current health status estimation, an EMS integrated with prognostic process is developed to realize energy-saving and degradation mitigation in this paper. Firstly, a virtual steady voltage-based health indicator (HI) is extracted by identifying a series of linear parameter varying autoregressive models with exogenous inputs (LPV-ARX) in sliding time segments. Furthermore, on the basis of HI data extracted, echo state network (ESN) is utilized for HI state prediction of FC stack in real time. With the help of LPV-ARX model combined with ESN, a data-driven surrogate model for stack degradation prediction is established. Finally, descent Bayesian optimization (DBO) algorithm is proposed to search the optimal operation parameters based on the data-driven surrogate model, thereby the fuel economy and degradation mitigation are achieved. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is validated via MATLAB simulation, and a baseline EMS without prognostic mechanism is used for demonstrating its advantages. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Automotive industry

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Targeting Ultra-Emitters for Effective Methane Mitigation in China’s Coal Sector

ACS ES&T Air

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ACS ES&T Air 2024年第7期1卷 734-742页

作者： Helan Wang Bo Zheng Hui Li Qiang Zhang Kebin He Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ecological Remediation and Carbon Sequestration Institute of Environment and Ecology Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University Shenzhen 518055 China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing 100084 China Department of Earth System Science Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling Institute for Global Change Studies Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

The energy system fuels climate change as the largest emitter of global greenhouse gases, while a lack of transparent, infrastructure-level information undermines efforts to cut emissions. Coal mining has been the largest emitter of methane (CH4) in China over the past 10 years, which is not tracked at the mine level, and effective mitigation pathways have yet to be established. Herein, we develop a state-of-the-art CH4emission database, comprising 3343 active coal mines in China, by harmonizing multisource information. The results suggest that China’s coal mines emitted 15.8 ± 5.1 million metric tons CH4yr–1in 2019. Those with CH4emission intensities >2 standard deviations above the national mean accounted for 4% of China’s coal production, yet they generated 23% of China’s coal CH4emissions. We project a steady decline in China’s coal CH4emissions by >75% in 2100 compared to 2019 levels under three different scenarios, due to reduced coal demand during energy transition. Targeting ultra-emitters for mine closure will accelerate emission reductions in the midterm and achieve deep CH4emission cuts by >92% in 2100, which buys us time to control global warming. Our idealized mine closure strategy serves as a cost-effective CH4mitigation strategy to enable swift climate action.

关键词： Biological databases Climate Coal Energy Hydrocarbons

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The impact of the atmospheric turbulence-development tendency on new particle formation: a common finding on three continents

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National Science Review 2021年第3期8卷 140-150页

作者： Hao Wu Zhanqing Li Hanqing Li Kun Luo Yuying Wang Peng Yan Fei Hu Fang Zhang Yele Sun Dongjie Shang Chunsheng Liang Dongmei Zhang Jing Wei Tong Wu Xiaoai Jin Xinxin Fan Maureen Cribb Marc L.Fischer Markku Kulmala Tuukka Pet?j? State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science College of Global Change and Earth System ScienceBeijing Normal University ESSIC and Department of Atmospheric Science University of MarylandCollege Park State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization Zhejiang University School of Atmospheric Physics Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Meteorological Observation Center China Meteorological Administration State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking University State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Helsinki Aerosol and Haze Laboratory Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences School of Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing University

A new mechanism of new particle formation(NPF) is investigated using comprehensive measurements of aerosol physicochemical quantities and meteorological variables made in three continents,including Beijing,China;the Southern Great Plains site in the USA;and SMEAR Ⅱ Station in Hyytiala,Finland.D espite the considerably different emissions of chemical species among the sites,a common relationship was found between the characteristics of NPF and the stability *** stability parameter(ζ=Z/L,where Z is the height above ground and L is the Monin-Obukhov length) is found to play an important role;it drops significantly before NPF as the atmosphere becomes more unstable,which may serve as an indicator of nucleation *** the atmosphere becomes unstable,the NPF duration is closely related to the tendency for turbulence development,which influences the evolution of the condensation ***,the unstable atmosphere may dilute pre-existing particles,effectively reducing the condensation sink,especially at coarse mode to foster *** new mechanism is confirmed by model simulations using a molecular dynamic model that mimics the impact of turbulence development on nucleation by inducing and intensifying homogeneous nucleation events.

关键词： new particle formation turbulence development molecular dynamic

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Direct visualisation of metal-defect cooperative catalysis in Ru-doped defective MOF-808

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Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2024年第30期12卷 19018-19028页

作者： Xu, Chirui Orbell, William Wang, Guilian Li, Boye Ng, Bryan K. Y. Wu, Tai-Sing Soo, Yun-Liang Luan, Zhao-Xue Tang, Kangjian Wu, Xin-Ping Tsang, S. C. Edman Zhao, Pu Innovation Center for Chemical Science College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou215123 China Department of Chemistry University of Oxford OxfordOX1 3QR United Kingdom State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center Hsinchu30076 Taiwan Department of Physics National Tsing Hua University Hsin-chu30013 Taiwan State Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Industrial Catalysis Centre for Computational Chemistry Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai200237 China

Improving the efficiency of catalytic materials is vital to the chemical and energy industries. Constructing neighbouring active sites in metal-organic framework (MOF) materials for cooperative catalysis is a promising way to achieve the above goal. However, it is difficult to fine-tune active sites at the atomic level due to the challenge of visualising their local structures and their interaction with substrates. In this article, we report the direct visualisation of metal and defect active sites and binding of the phenol substrate in Ru-doped defective MOF-808. X-ray absorption spectroscopy, X-ray pair distribution function analysis, X-ray powder diffraction, and infrared spectroscopy reveal that the enhanced selective hydrogenation originates from the specific adsorption geometry of phenol over 7-centred Ru clusters and hydroxyl or water of defect sites. This mechanism also well explains the high catalytic activity in CO2 reduction. This work represents the first example of structural elucidation of metal-defect cooperative catalysis in MOFs and will lead to the rational design of new superactive MOF catalysts. © 2024 The Royal Society of Chemistry.

关键词： Substrates

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