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Improved Recovery of Lithium from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries by Reduction Roasting and Nahco3 Leaching

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SSRN 2023年

关键词： Leaching

Synergistic Catalysis of Sulfate Ionic Liquids and Fecl3 for the Dehydration of 1,4-Butanediol to Tetrahydrofuran

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Wang, Ziyi Luo, Cong Wang, Binshen Lai, Tong Hong, Yang Gao, Guohua State Key Laboratory of Molecular & Process Engineering Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry andChemicalProcesses SchoolofChemistry andMolecular Engineering East China Normal University Institute of Eco-Chongming 3663 North Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 20 Cuiniao Road Shanghai202162 China Institute of New Energy and Low-Carbon Technology Sichuan University Sichuan Chengdu610207 China

Tetrahydrofuran is a widely used bulk chemical in both laboratory and industry. In this study, a homogeneous catalytic system composed of sulfate ionic liquids and FeCl3 was applied for the synthesis of tetrahydrofuran by the dehydration of 1,4-butanediol with a high yield of 89.2%. Kinetic studies showed that the reaction rate constant (k) of the dehydration of 1,4-butanediol catalyzed by the combination of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethyl sulfate ionic liquid ([EMIm][EtSO4]) and FeCl3 was significantly higher than that of [EMIm][EtSO4] or FeCl3 as catalyst alone. Besides, the activation energy (Ea) of this reaction over [EMIm][EtSO4] and FeCl3 was lower than either of them as catalyst. Higher reaction rate constant and lower Ea indicated that [EMIm][EtSO4] and FeCl3 had a synergistic catalytic effect. Mechanism studies showed that 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hydroxybutyl sulfate ionic liquid [EMIm][HO-BuSO4], generated by the transesterification of [EMIm][EtSO4] with 1,4-butanediol over FeCl3, acted as an active species to synergistically catalyze the dehydration reaction of 1,4-butanediol with FeCl3. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrated the synergistic catalytic mechanism of [EMIm][HO-BuSO4] and FeCl3, and revealed that the intramolecular nucleophilic attack was the rate-determining step of the dehydration reaction. Continuous reactive distillation of 1,4-butanediol showed [EMIm][EtSO4] and FeCl3 could be used continuously for 54 hours with the TON of 182 without any loss in activity. The catalysts also exhibited good substrate generality in the dehydration of various diols to cyclic ethers. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Ionic liquids

Improved Recovery of Lithium from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries by Reduction Roasting and Nahco3 Leaching

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Liu Qin, Qingwei Zhang, Hailin Chen, Xing Xiong, Jiachun Han, Yunwu Zhang, Chunguang Li, Guangqiang Zheng, Shili Li, Ping The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Mineral Metallurgical Resources Utilization Pollution Control Wuhan University of Science and Technology 947 Heping Avenue Qingshan District Hubei Wuhan430081 China National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 North Second Street Zhongguancun Haidian District Beijing100190 China Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production of Rare Earths Ganjiang Innovation Academy Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 Kexueyuan Road Ganxian District JiangXi Ganzhou341100 China CNPC Petrochemical Research Institute 7 Kunlun Road Shahe Town Changping District Beijing102206 China

关键词： Leaching

Enhanced Landfill process Based on Leachate Recirculation and Micro-Aeration: A Comprehensive Technical, Environmental, and Economic Assessment

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Wang, Pengfei Liu, Kaili Ren, Zhijun Lv, Longyi Liu, Xiaoyang Sun, Li Yan, Wenyi Zhang, Guangming Li, Weiguang Gao, Wenfang Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control School of Energy and Environmental Engineering Hebei University of Technology Tianjin300401 China School of Environment Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150090 China National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering Beijing Engineering Research Centre of Process Pollution Control Institute of Process Engineering Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China

The landfill is still the primary waste treatment method in developing countries. Due to the long stability time and long-term occupation of a large amount of land, the landfill poses a significant threat to the ecological environment and affects the process of urbanization. This study conducted a landfill simulation reactor (LSR) experiment to achieve rapid landfill stabilization through micro-aeration and leachate recirculation. More than 60% of the degradable organic carbon in the enhanced process (LSR-IV contains 24% of the retained carbon) can be relatively quickly converted to gaseous state, which is nearly half higher than the degradation efficiency of the traditional process (LSR-I contains 59.3% of the retained carbon). A comprehensive environmental assessment is developed for the enhanced process, and better environmental benefits are obtained from the whole landfill process. Compared with conventional treatment process, the enhanced process is applied to the actual landfill to analyze the economic cost. In terms of the total cost, the enhanced process cost (2010 CNY) is about 44% lower than the conventional landfill process cost (3604 CNY). The enhanced process saves nearly half of the time cost and reduces the cost of land acquisition. Focusing on technology, economy and environment of waste treatment, this study can provide a reference for governmental, and municipal administrations to carry out the technological transformation of traditional landfills. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Degradation

Enhanced Landfill process Based on Leachate Recirculation and Micro-Aeration: A Comprehensive Technical, Environmental and Economic Assessment

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Zhang, Guangming Liu, Kaili Lv, Longyi Gao, Wenfang Ren, Zhijun Yan, Wenyi Li, Weiguang Wang, Pengfei Liu, Xiaoyang Sun, Li Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control School of Energy and Environmental Engineering Hebei University of Technology Tianjin300401 China National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering Beijing Engineering Research Centre of Process Pollution Control Institute of Process Engineering Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China School of Environment Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150090 China

Landfill is still the main waste treatment method in developing countries. In this study, an enhanced landfill process based on leachate recirculation and micro-aeration is developed to accelerate the stabilization process of landfill. The enhanced process is evaluated by carbon balance, and the results show that more than 60% of the degradable organic carbon in landfill waste can be degraded and converted to gaseous state in a relatively short time. A comprehensive environmental assessment is developed for the enhanced process, and better environmental benefits are obtained from the whole landfill process. By comparing the actual application scenario with the traditional landfill, better economic evaluation and social benefits are achieved. The enhanced process saves time and land acquisition costs, and the reuse of land brings significant social benefits. This study can provide a reference for governmental municipal administrations to carry out the technological transformation of traditional landfills. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Developing countries

Enhanced Landfill process Based on Leachate Recirculation and Micro-Aeration: A Comprehensive Technical, Environmental and Economic Assessment

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SSRN 2022年

关键词： Developing countries

β-cyclodextrin-based nanosponges for crocetin delivery: Physicochemical characterization, aqueous solubility, and bioactivity

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Journal of Molecular Liquids 2023年第1期384卷

作者： Li, Hang Cui, Ming-Yue Zha, Sheng-Hua Tian, Rong-Rong Zhao, Qing-Sheng State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Department of Biomedicine Beijing City University Beijing100094 China Beijing Tong Ren Tang Health Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. Beijing100085 China

Crocetin (CRT) is a natural carotenoid compound with promising health benefits but its use is restricted because of the poor aqueous solubility. Therefore, cyclodextrin-based nanosponges (CDNSs), a kind of water-soluble supramolecular macrocyclic polymer, was employed to load CRT for improving the solubility. The β-CDNSs with different molar ratio of β-CD and crosslinker were synthesized and β-CDNS 1:8 was chosen. The loading capacity (LC) and complexation efficiency (CE) of prepared CRT-loaded β-CDNS were about 17.92% and 94.64%. The formation of inclusion and non-inclusion structure of CRT-loaded β-CDNS was confirmed by different techniques. The surface properties and dispersibility were also studied. Besides, the water solubility of CRT was significantly increased to 7.27 μg/mL. The antioxidant activity of CRT was enhanced. The in vitro cytotoxicity of CRT for normal cells was reduced and for tumor cells was increased through the loading of β-CDNS. In summary, this work demonstrated β-CDNS could be used for the delivery of CRT and promote the application of CRT in many fields. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Solubility

Performance Improvement of the Liquid-Fed So2-Depolarized Electrolysis Cells for High H2so4 Concentration Anolyte

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Ding, Xifeng Ma, Xiaoshan Zhang, Ping Qu, Yongshui Wang, Laijun Chen, Songzhe Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology Key Laboratory of Advanced Reactor Engineering and Safety of Ministry of Education Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China College of Chemical Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing100029 China

In hybrid sulfur (HyS) process, it is very important for the SO2-depolarized electrolysis (SDE) to be in operation with high H2SO4 concentration anolyte, aiming at the high efficiency hydrogen production. However, the SDE cell is facing the challenge of high impedance when H2SO4 concentration is increased. In this study, the performance of liquid-fed SDE cells is improved by reducing the proton exchange membrane (PEM) thickness, as well as the application of three-dimensional anode. 4 SDE cells with different configurations are assembled, tested and compared. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is used to study the cells’ impedance compositions. The results showed that effectively reducing the concentration polarization impedance is the key to improve the SDE performance. By replacing the Nafion 117 (175 μm thick) PEM with thinner Nafion 212 (50 μm thick), together with the help of Pt-loaded graphite felt as three-dimensional anode, the cell’s performance under high H2SO4 concentration anolyte condition is significantly improved. The maximum current density of the electrolyzer could reach 560mA/cm2 at 1.0 V using anolyte with 50 wt.% H2SO4 concentration. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Electrolysis

Life Cycle Assessment on the Vanadium Production process: A Multi-Objective Assessment Under Environmental and Economic Perspectives

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Zhang, Guangming Wang, Yuting Meng, Xianhao Zhang, Di Ding, Ning Ren, Zhijun Gao, Wenfang Sun, Zhi School of Energy and Environmental Engineering Hebei University of Technology Tianjin300401 China National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering Beijing Engineering Research Centre of Process Pollution Control Institute of Process Engineering Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100085 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China

To ensure energy conservation and emission reduction, a quantitative evaluation of the V2O5 production in environmental and economic dimensions is crucial for its process optimization. However, a typical life cycle assessment (LCA) can not fulfill this important role from producers and market perspectives. In this research, Three typical V2O5 production processes (PI: sodium roasting, PII: calcium roasting and PIII: sub-molten salt) were selected under the raw material of vanadium slag. A multi-objective assessment under LCA, comprehensive environmental assessment (CEA), and economic assessment perspectives are established for V2O5 production processes. Under the multi-objective comprehensive assessment, PIII was the best process, which combines cleaner production and end-of-pipe treatment with minimal pollutants emission and optimal benefit. Raw material section is a key process and vanadium slag is a key substance. With this comprehensive evaluation, the best vanadium production process is revealed which can guide industrial factories to optimize relevant production processes. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Life cycle