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Advancements in the preparation and application of microdroplets: A review

Microchemical Journal 2025年 214卷

作者： He, Yuan Yang, Shuang Zhang, Man Wang, Zhiwei Zhang, Yan Gao, Pingqiang Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Low Metamorphic Coal Clean Utilization Yulin Engineering Research Center of Coal Chemical Wastewater School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yulin University Yulin 719000 China National Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Textile Processing and Clean Production Wuhan Textile University Wuhan 430200 China CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Mesoscience and Engineering Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China

Microdroplets have been widely used in many fields as a pivotal platform for process intensification due to the exceptional interfacial properties and enhanced mass/heat transfer capabilities. While the continuous innovations in microdroplet preparation technology have significantly expanded the application scope, the existing preparation technologies remain inadequate for large-scale industrial application. The current bottleneck is how to achieving cost-effective, high-throughput production of monodisperse microdroplets with long-term stability. This review begins with an overview of fundamental measurement methods, followed by a systematic analysis of three distinct microdroplet preparation methods: traditional methods, microfluidic methods and emerging off-chip technologies. Subsequently, focusing on the widely used microfluidic platform, the cutting-edge developments in microdroplet preparation and transformative applications in biochemical analysis and materials synthesis are introduced in detail. Through critical evaluation of technical limitations and energy efficiency considerations, this work aims to inspire researchers to explore innovative solutions for scalable microdroplet production. Eventually, the future development trend of microdroplet preparation technology is prospected. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Application Characterization Microdroplet Preparation method

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Kinetic and HPLC-MS analyses revealed the catalysis behavior of total saponins from MOF-based solid acids

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Journal of Molecular Liquids 2025年 429卷

作者： Zhang, YanXiao Gao, XiaoNing Xu, Juan Feng, Lu School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resources Development and Utilization of Ministry of Education State Key Laboratory of Green and Efficient Development of Phosphorus Resources Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan430073 China Hubei Key Laboratory of Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials Huanggang Normal University Huanggang438000 China Laboratory Department of Central Theater General Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Wuhan430000 China

Diosgenin is an influential intermediate for the preparation of various steroidal drugs, and has the reputation of "mother of hormones" and "medicinal gold". In this work, UiO-66-NH2 is quaternary ammoniated by functional modification of 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazole and then ion-exchanged with different concentrations of CF3SO3H to produce ionic liquids grafted MOF-based solid acids, namely UNS-0.96 and UNS-1.28, where 0.96 and 1.28 represent the volume (mL) of CF3SO3H consumed. They were used to extract diosgenin from total saponins, suggesting that UNS-1.28 can achieve high diosgenin extraction with a shorter time (2.5 h) and a lower addition amount (0.15 g) and the optimum diosgenin yield of 22.5 % was obtained. The extraction efficiency is higher than that obtained by hydrolysis of 2 M H2SO4 and commercial ion exchange resins. Kinetic studies have shown that the catalytic of total saponins by UNS-1.28 is in perfect agreement with the pseudo-first-order kinetic model, and that the activation energy required for extraction is low, only 2.83 × 104 J/mol. In addition, HPLC-MS was used to analyze the total saponins and products at different extraction times. The fragmentation peak types and relative abundances of the different extracted products are compared to reveal the cleavage pathways of the total saponins and the optimal period of diosgenin production, and to suggest the mechanism of action of the solid acid on the total saponins. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Kinetic parameters

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A visible-light-driven CoS_(2)/CuS@CNT-C_(3)N_(4)photocatalyst for high-performance rechargeable zinc-air batteries beyond 500 mW cm^(-2)

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Chinese Journal of Catalysis 2025年第1期68卷 300-310页

作者： Yang Zhang Nengneng Xu Bingbing Gong Xiaoxiao Ye Yi Yang Zhaodi Wang Biyan Zhuang Min Wang Woochul Yang Guicheng Liu Joong Kee Lee Jinli Qiao State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials College of Environmental Science and EngineeringDonghua UniversityShanghai 201620China Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Shanghai 200092China School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Xinjiang UniversityUrumqi 830017XinjiangChina School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yancheng Institute of TechnologyYancheng 224051JiangsuChina Department of Physics Dongguk UniversitySeoul 04620Korea School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China Department of Chemical&Biochemical Eng Gachon UniversitySeongnam-si 13120Korea

Storing solar energy in battery systems is crucial to achieving a green and sustainable ***,the efficient development of photo-enhanced zinc-air batteries(ZABs)is limited by the rapid recombination of photogenerated carriers on the *** this work,the visible-light-driven CoS_(2)/CuS@CNT-C_(3)N_(4)photocatalyst with unique petal-like layer structure was designed and developed,which can be used as air electrode for visible-light-driven *** superior performance of ZABs assembled by CoS_(2)/CuS@CNT-C_(3)N_(4)was mainly attributed to the successful construction of Schottky heterojunction between g-C_(3)N_(4)and carbon nanotubes(CNTs),which accelerates the transfer of electrons from g-C_(3)N_(4)to CoS_(2)/CuS cocatalysts,improves the carrier separation ability,and extends the carrier ***,the visible-driven ZABs assembled by CoS_(2)/CuS@CNT-C_(3)N_(4)photocatalyst has a power density of 588.90 mW cm^(-2) and a charge-discharge cycle of 643 h under visible light irradiation,which is the highest performance ever reported for photo-enhanced *** importantly,the charge-discharge voltage drop of ZABs was only 0.54 V under visible light irradiation,which is significantly lower than the voltage drop(0.94 V)in the *** study provides a new idea for designing efficient and stable visible-light-driven ZABs cathode catalysts.

关键词： Visible-light-driven CoS_(2)/CuS@CNT-C_(3)N_(4)photocatalyst Zinc-air battery Heterojunction Photogenerated carriers

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Realization of Topology-Controlled Photonic Cavities in a Valley Photonic Crystal

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Physical Review Letters 2025年第3期134卷 033803-033803页

作者： Bei Yan Baoliang Liao Fulong Shi Xiang Xi Yuan Cao Kexin Xiang Yan Meng Linyun Yang Zhenxiao Zhu State Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber and Cable Manufacturing Technology Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics Intellisense Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Systems Science in Metallurgical Process and College of Science Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430081 China Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications Institute of Photonics Technology Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China School of Physics & State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China School of Electrical Engineering and Intelligentization Dongguan University of Technology Dongguan 523808 China College of Aerospace Engineering Chongqing University Chongqing 400030 China

We report the experimental realization of a new type of topology-controlled photonic cavities in valley photonic crystals by adopting judiciously oriented mirrors to localize the valley-polarized edge states along their propagation path. By using microwave frequency- and time-domain measurements, we directly observe the strong confinement of electromagnetic energy at the mirror surface due to the extended time delay required for the valley index flipping. Moreover, we experimentally demonstrate that both the degree of energy localization and quality factors of the topology-controlled photonic cavities are determined by the valley-flipping time which is controlled by the topology of the mirror. These results extend and complement the current design paradigm of topological photonic cavities.

关键词： Mirrors

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Recent development of ionic liquid membranes

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Green Energy & Environment 2016年第1期1卷 43-61页

作者： Junfeng Wang Jianquan Luo Shicao Feng Haoran Li Yinhua Wan Xiangping Zhang State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering Institute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences

The interest in ionic liquids(IL) is motivated by its unique properties, such as negligible vapor pressure, thermal stability, wide electrochemical stability window, and tunability of properties. ILs have been highlighted as solvents for liquid-liquid extraction and liquid membrane separation. To further expand its application in separation field, the ionic liquid membranes(ILMs) and its separation technology have been proposed and developed rapidly. This paper is to give a comprehensive overview on the recent applications of ILMs for the separation of various compounds, including organic compounds, mixed gases, and metal ions. Firstly, ILMs was classified into supported ionic liquid membranes(SILMs) and quasi-solidified ionic liquid membranes(QSILMs) according to the immobilization method of ILs. Then, preparation methods of ILMs, membrane stability as well as applications of ILMs in the separation of various mixtures were reviewed. Followed this, transport mechanisms of gaseous mixtures and organic compounds were elucidated in order to better understand the separation process of ILMs. This tutorial review intends to not only offer an overview on the development of ILMs but also provide a guide for ILMs preparations and applications.

关键词： Ionic liquid membrane Supported ionic liquid membrane Qusai-solidified ionic liquid membrane Stability Application

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Effects of rough walls on sheared annular centrifugal Rayleigh-Bénard convection

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Xu, Fan Zhong, Jun Su, Jinghong Zhao, Bidan He, Yurong Sun, Chao Wang, Junwu School of Energy Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150001 China State Key Laboratory of Mesoscience and Engineering Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China New Cornerstone Science Laboratory Center for Combustion Energy Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Energy and Power Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China College of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering China University of Petroleum Beijing102249 China Department of Engineering Mechanics School of Aerospace Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China

In this study, we investigate the coupling effects of roughness and wall shear in an annular centrifugal Rayleigh-Bénard convection (ACRBC) system, where two cylinders rotate with different angular velocities. Two-dimensional direct numerical simulations are conducted within a Rayleigh number range of 106 ≤ Ra ≤ 108, and the non-dimensional angular velocity difference (Ω), representing wall shear, varied from 0 to 1. The Prandtl number is fixed at Pr = 4.3, the inverse Rossby number at Ro−1 = 20, and the radius ratio at η = 0.5. The interaction between wall shear and roughness leads to distinct heat transfer behavior in different regimes. In the buoyancy-dominant regime, an increase in the non-dimensional angular velocity difference (Ω) significantly enhances heat transfer. However, as Ω continues to rise, a sharp reduction in heat transfer is observed in the transitional regime. Beyond a critical value of Ω, the flow enters a shear-dominant regime, where heat transfer remains unchanged despite further increases in Ω. The underlying mechanisms behind these distinct heat transfer behaviors are then elucidated. The enhancement of heat transport in the buoyancy-dominant regime is attributed to the introduction of external shear by the rotating rough walls, which reinforces convection and secondary flows within the cavities. Additionally, these secondary flows improve the efficiency of transporting the trapped hot and cold fluids outside the cavities, further enhancing heat transfer. However, in the transitional regime, the number of convection rolls rapidly decreases with increasing shear, eventually reaching a point where sustaining them becomes challenging. Consequently, a sharp reduction in heat transfer occurs. In the shear-dominant regime, heat transfer is primarily governed by diffusion, leading to a constant heat transport rate. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Buoyancy

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Cobalt-modified MCM-41 catalysts with multiple acidic sites for energy-efficient CO2 desorption of functionalized ionic liquid absorbents

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Separation and Purification Technology 2025年 373卷

作者： Chu, Haozhan Zeng, Shaojuan Zhang, Xiangping Zhan, Guoxiong Wang, Bo Zhang, Hongyu Zhong, Sheng Liu, Wei Beijing Key Laboratory of Solid State Battery and Energy Storage Process State Key Laboratory of Mesoscience and Engineering Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing101408 China School of Chemical Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing101408 China National Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil China University of Petroleum Beijing102249 China

Ionic liquids (ILs) show great application potentials in CO2 capture due to extremely low vapor pressures, tunable structures, and strong CO2 affinity. Up to date, many efforts have been focused on the design and absorption performance of novel functionalized ILs, rather than desorption performance. In our previous work, the IL solvent [Cho][Triz]/TMS exhibited exceptional CO2 absorption performance. As a successive study on decreasing regeneration energy consumption, this work focused on the design and synthesis of novel metal-modified MCM-41 catalysts with multiple acidic sites to enhance CO2 catalytic desorption in the nonaqueous [Cho][Triz]/TMS (80 wt%/20 wt%) absorbent under lower temperatures. Among all the composite MCM-41 catalysts, the CoM-1/4 catalyst exhibits superior catalytic performance because of the increase of Brønsted acid sites by 232.3 % and Lewis acid sites by 56.2 % compared with pristine MCM-41, which promote CO2 desorption by accelerating C-N bond breaking. The CO2 desorption rate and amount increased by 180.2 % and 95.7 %, and the activation energy reduced by 46.7 % compared to the non-catalysis. Therefore, the theoretical regeneration energy consumption of the catalyst-added system was 0.88 GJ/t CO2, representing a 76.7 % reduction compared with the 30 wt% MEA solution. Furthermore, the CoM-1/4 catalyst maintained high catalytic activity after 20 cycles. This work indicated that the CoM-1/4 catalyst effectively enhanced the regeneration performance of IL absorbent, facilitating the development of an energy-efficient CO2 capture process for industrial applications. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Energy utilization

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The potential of ionic liquids in biopharmaceutical engineering

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Chinese Journal of Chemical engineering 2021年第2期34卷 236-243页

作者： Xuan Lin Zhiguo Su Yanli Yang Songping Zhang State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering Institute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

Biopharmaceuticals,such as proteins,peptides,nucleic acids and vaccines,bring about great hopes for the prevention and treatment of various diseases,but the industrialization of these products still faces challenges such as structural instability,inefficient bioactivity and low *** liquids(ILs),the marvelous solvent media with inimitable and tunable properties,may provide alternative solutions to overcome the above problems of biopharmaceutical *** has gradually been made through studies by combination of ILs with *** applications involved the stabilization,protection,and delivery of *** trends are being forwarded to using ILs in vaccines and nucleic acid ***,challenges remain on the toxicity and safety ***,the cost of adding ILs to the benefits of biopharmaceuticals need to be considered.

关键词： Ionic liquids Biopharmaceutical engineering Biomacromolecules Stabilization Vaccine Delivery

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Zero-Sum Optimal Control for a Cyber-Physical System in Unreliable Communications via Secure Decentralized Policy Iteration

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年

作者： Zhang, Kun Dong, Xiwang Zhang, Huaguang Su, Rong Beihang University School of Astronautics Beijing100191 China Beihang University Institute of Unmanned System Institute of Artificial Intelligence School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering Beijing100191 China Northeastern University School of Information Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries Shenyang110819 China School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Singapore639798 Singapore

This paper investigates the robust consensus scheme for a specific type of leader-follower multi-agent systems (MASs) in the context of a human-cyber-physical interactive system. The system encounters frequent communication challenges characterized by packet loss and data leakage. To address these challenges, the paper proposes a secure decentralized scheme that leverages game theory to determine optimal policies in a zero-sum game. The scheme utilizes the adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) method, which involves a decentralized iterative process. The paper demonstrates that the generated sequence exhibits exponential convergence and provides the maximum iteration number based on the convergence error. To mitigate data leakage among players, the scheme incorporates a secure operation that involves encrypted data. This integration seamlessly combines data conversion and encryption-decryption into decentralized computation. Finally, the paper presents a simulation example to validate the efficacy of the consensus scheme. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Information leakage

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Three-dimensional CFD simulation of alkaline electrolyzers: flow pattern and electric field

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Chemical engineering Journal 2025年 515卷

作者： Bai, Jinhao Guan, Xiaoping Yang, Ning State Key Laboratory of Mesoscience and Engineering Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences P. O. Box 353 Beijing100190 China School of Chemical Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China

Electrolysis for hydrogen production is a key driver for the future of green energy. The pressure-filtered alkaline electrolyzer is widely used in industrial hydrogen production. A 3D Euler-Euler CFD model, coupled with electric field and electro-chemical model, was established to simulate the two-phase flow and the performance of a pilot-scale mastoid plate electrolyzer. The fully-coupled model predicts higher overall gas holdup than the model without considering multi-physics. This discrepancy arises from the non-uniform distribution of current density and gas production rate. Moreover, the gas distribution pattern within the electrolyzer changes from a layered distribution to a tree-like distribution due to the increase in liquid flowrate, which, to our knowledge, has not been reported previously. Additionally, the effects of operating voltage and liquid flowrate on the components of overpotential were analyzed. The findings are beneficial for process intensification and optimization for industrial electrolyzers. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Hydrogen production

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