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A multi-physical field coupling modeling incorporated the non-thermal effect: carbothermic reduction of ZnFe2O4 by using microwave heating

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Energy 2025年 328卷

作者： Xiong, Yuandong Qiu, Dejin Li, Ang Omran, Mamdouh Ren, Jie Lu, Chunyang Yao, Hao Li, Manqing Xie, Hao Yu, Yaowei State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai University 99 Shangda Rd Shanghai China Process Metallurgy Research Group Faculty of Technology University of Oulu Oulu Finland Zhenjiang Innovation and Development Research Institute Nanjing Normal University Zhenjiang China

Microwave heating has recently gained significant attention and is increasingly applied in the pyrometallurgical recovery of Zn (ZnFe2O4) from electric arc furnace dust (EAFD). Under microwave irradiation, a portion of the microwave energy is stored within molecules, enhancing the carbothermic reduction (non-thermal effect). However, quantifying the influence of the non-thermal effect in experiments remains challenging due to the invisibility of microwaves. For advancing the scalability of microwave-assisted EAFD processing, the present study focuses on ZnFe2O4 and develops a multiphysics model incorporating the non-thermal effect to elucidate the enhancement mechanism of microwaves on the reduction process. The main conclusions indicate that increasing microwave input power and graphite addition effectively enhances both the heating and reaction efficiency of the ZnFe2O4-graphite mixture. Higher power input improves efficiency while mitigating thermal runaway risks more effectively than increasing graphite addition. However, the uneven distribution of microwaves leads to localized thermal effects, impacting heating uniformity and overall reaction consistency within the mixture. Furthermore, non-isothermal kinetic analysis reveals that microwave irradiation enhances the carbothermic reduction of ZnFe2O4 through both thermal and non-thermal effects. With a stoichiometric coefficient of 1.2 for graphite addition, localized thermal and non-thermal effects reduce the apparent activation energy by 34.3 % and 25.8 %, respectively. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Activation energy

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Interpretable Recognition of Fused Magnesium Furnace Working Conditions with Deep Convolutional Stochastic Configuration Networks

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Li, Weitao Zhang, Xinru Wang, Dianhui Tong, Qianqian Chai, Tianyou The Department of Electric Engineering and Automation Hefei University of Technology Hefei230009 China The Institute of Artificial Intelligence China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou221116 China The State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries Northeastern University Liaoning Shenyang110004 China

To address the issues of a weak generalization capability and interpretability in working condition recognition model of a fused magnesium furnace, this paper proposes an interpretable working condition recognition method based on deep convolutional stochastic configuration networks (DCSCNs). Firstly, a supervised learning mechanism is employed to generate physically meaningful Gaussian differential convolution kernels. An incremental method is utilized to construct a DCSCNs model, ensuring the convergence of recognition errors in a hierarchical manner and avoiding the iterative optimization process of convolutional kernel parameters using the widely used backpropagation algorithm. The independent coefficient of channel feature maps is defined to obtain the visualization results of feature class activation maps for the fused magnesium furnace. A joint reward function is constructed based on the recognition accuracy, the interpretable trustworthiness evaluation metrics, and the model parameter quantity. Reinforcement learning (RL) is applied to adaptively prune the convolutional kernels of the DCSCNs model, aiming to build a compact, highly performed and interpretable network. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the other deep learning approaches in terms of recognition accuracy and interpretability. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Reinforcement learning

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Distributed Event-Triggered Bandit Convex Optimization With Time-Varying Constraints

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IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems 2025年

作者： Zhang, Kunpeng Yi, Xinlei Wen, Guanghui Cao, Ming Johansson, Karl H. Chai, Tianyou Yang, Tao Northeastern University State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries Shenyang110819 China Ministry of Education Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology National Key Laboratory of Autonomous Intelligent Unmanned Systems Frontiers Science Center for Intelligent Autonomous Systems Shanghai201210 China Southeast University School of Automation Nanjing210096 China University of Groningen Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen Faculty of Science and Engineering GroningenAG 9747 Netherlands KTH Royal Institute of Technology Division of Decision and Control Systems School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Stockholm10044 Sweden KTH Royal Institute of Technology Digital Futures Stockholm10044 Sweden

This paper considers the distributed bandit convex optimization problem with time-varying inequality constraints over a network of agents, where the goal is to minimize network regret and cumulative constraint violation. Existing distributed online algorithms solving this problem require that each agent broadcasts its decision to its neighbors at each iteration. However, communication resources are often limited. To better utilize communication resources, we propose a distributed event-triggered online primal-dual algorithm with two-point bandit feedback. Under several classes of appropriately chosen decreasing parameter sequences and non-increasing event-triggered threshold sequences, we establish dynamic network regret and network cumulative constraint violation bounds. These bounds are comparable to the results achieved by distributed event-triggered online algorithms with full-information feedback. Finally, a numerical example is provided to verify the theoretical results. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Optimization algorithms

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Three-dimensional cross-nanosheets structured CuCo2O4 catalyst for highly efficient toluene oxidation

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Applied Surface Science 2025年 705卷

作者： Zhao, Gangguo Wang, Jianshen Jiang, Pengpeng Liu, Dan Huang, Kewang Kuvarega, Alex T. Mamba, Bhekie B. Gui, Jianzhou State Key Laboratory of Advanced Separation Membrane Materials Tianjin Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Technology and Process Engineering School of Material Science and Engineering Tiangong University Tianjin300387 China Shandong Haihua Co. Ltd. Shandong Weifang262737 China School of Chemistry Tiangong University Tianjin300387 China School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tiangong University Tianjin300387 China Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability College of Science Engineering and Technology University of South Africa Florida Johannesburg1709 South Africa

A three-dimensional cross-nanosheet structured CuCo2O4 catalyst (CuCo2O4-3D) was prepared hydrothermally and displayed superior catalytic activity for toluene oxidation. Compared with the nanoparticle catalyst CuCo2O4-P, the toluene reaction rate of CuCo2O4-3D catalyst is 45 times higher at 230 °C, attributed to the larger surface area, smaller crystal size, more oxygen vacancies, and excellent low-temperature redox ability. In-situ DRIFTS revealed the intermediates of toluene oxidation over CuCo2O4 catalysts, and the in-situ temperature-programmed tests were used to investigate the consumption-replenishment mechanism of active oxygen species. The larger surface area of the catalyst contributed to more active surface oxygen being exposed, which finally led to high oxidation activity. Due to the abundant oxygen vacancies, the CuCo2O4-3D showed higher activation capability to molecular oxygen so that the consumed surface lattice oxygen was rapidly replenished, enhancing the conversion of benzoate to maleic species, the rate-determining step in toluene oxidation, leading to excellent low-temperature redox ability. This work offers a deep insight into active oxygen species migration and replenishment and opens a new avenue for the design of catalysts for the oxidation reaction by molecular oxygen. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Redox reactions

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g-C₃N₄/BaTiO₃/PVDF membrane photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline

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Journal of Industrial and engineering Chemistry 2025年

作者： Gan, Jiahao Wang, Huijie Li, Jinze Song, Xianghai Liu, Xin Jiang, Jizhou Huo, Pengwei Institute of Green Chemistry and Chemical Technology School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 China China Construction Eco-Environmental Protection Technology Co Ltd Jiangsu Suzhou 215128 China School of Materials Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Green and Efficient Development of Phosphorus Resources Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resources Development and Utilization of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials Novel Catalytic Materials of Hubei Engineering Research Center Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan 430205 China

Environmental pollution poses a major hurdle to sustainable development, and harnessing solar energy for water treatment has emerged as a promising solution. In this study, flexible, macroporous photocatalytic membranes were developed by combining photocatalysis with membrane separation technology and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), aiming to improve the degradation efficiency of tetracycline (TC). The g-C₃N₄/BaTiO₃/PVDF photocatalytic membranes were fabricated using a phase inversion method, which successfully addressed challenges such as catalyst agglomeration and recovery difficulties, surpassing traditional membrane separation methods. Additionally, the g-C₃N₄/BaTiO₃ photocatalyst exhibited excellent compatibility with PVDF. Under 120 min of xenon lamp irradiation, the membranes achieved a TC degradation efficiency of 90.63 %. These membranes also demonstrated remarkable permeability, and they maintained high stability and reusability after five degradation cycles, showcasing their promising potential for photocatalytic water treatment applications. © 2025 The Korean Society of Industrial and engineering Chemistry

关键词： BaTiO3 Degradation g-C3N4 Photocatalytic membranes Tetracycline

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Nitrogen and Oxygen Dual-Doped Carbon Catalysts Derived from Saccharides and Dicyandiamide for Electrocatalytic O2 Reduction to H2o2: Effect of Saccharide Type and Elucidation of Active Sites

SSRN

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Liu, Yanan Wan, Kun Feng, Danning Yang, Zhaoli Pei, Yan Qiao, Minghua Li, Hexing Zong, Baoning Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials Department of Chemistry Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai200438 China Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Shanghai Normal University Shanghai200234 China State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular and Process Engineering Research Institute of Petroleum Processing SINOPEC Beijing100083 China

Electrocatalytic two-electron O2 reduction reaction (2e–-ORR) is an inexpensive, clean, and safe route for H2O2 production. The elucidation of the active site is essential for the rational design of efficient 2e–-ORR catalyst. Herein, nitrogen and oxygen dual-doped carbon electrocatalysts (p-SC-dicy) were synthesized using saccharides as the carbon sources, and dicyandiamide (dicy) as the precursor to the self-sacrificial template and the nitrogen source. At identical polymerization degree, α-glycosidic bond-linked saccharides gave rise to higher porosity and heteroatom doping levels than β-glycosidic bond-linked ones. In 2e–-ORR, the p-SC-dicy catalysts prepared from α-glycosidic bond-linked maltose and starch outperformed those from β-glycosidic bond-linked cellobiose and cellulose. Moreover, at identical glycosidic bond type, the catalytic activity is positively correlated with the polymerization degree for α-glycosidic bond-linked saccharides, while negatively for β-glycosidic bond-linked ones. Among them, p-st-dicy prepared from starch exhibited the best 2e–-ORR activity, selectivity, and stability. A combination of surface analysis, chemical titration of the oxygen- and the nitrogen-containing groups, with the latter being conducted for the first time, and density function theory (DFT) calculations identified that the carbon atom adjacent to the aldehyde group and the amino group is the most effective active site for 2e–-ORR. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Titration

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Halogen atom-induced local asymmetric electron in covalent organic frameworks boosts photosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide from water and air

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Matter 2025年第5期8卷

作者： Liu, Youxing Guo, Yaru Sathishkumar, Nadaraj Liu, Minghui Li, Lu Sang, Zhiyuan Feng, Rongjuan Sun, Zongqiang Sun, Chenglong Luo, Mingchuan Deng, Xuliang Lu, Gang Guo, Shaojun School of Materials Science and Engineering Peking University Beijing100871 China Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing100029 China Department of Geriatric Dentistry NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology Beijing100081 China Department of Physics and Astronomy California State University NorthridgeCA91330 United States Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China

The solar-to-chemical conversion (SCC) efficiency of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) photosynthesis is governed by the O2 adsorption model and energy level, which are experimentally challenging to be tuned. Herein, we report a new strategy for tuning of the O2 adsorption and electron potential energy level of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) using halogen atom (F, Cl, Br, and I) as a regulatory reagent, and demonstrate that I-COFs exhibit the maximum thermodynamic driving force for 2e– oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The introduction of I atom inhibits the O–O bond breakage for enhancing the selectivity of 2e– ORR from 56.5% to 87.0%, thus promoting the continuous natural sunlight-driven photosynthesis of H2O2 directly from water and air, showing a high SCC efficiency of 1.88% and the operational stability of over 200 h. Meanwhile, I-COFs also show 100% antibacterial performance and efficient wound healing ability, which is significantly better than that of H-COFs with symmetric electron distribution. © 2025 Elsevier Inc.

关键词： Electrolytic reduction

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Electrosynthesis of Nitriles from Nitrate and Aldehyde Via C≡N Bond Construction

SSRN

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Xue, Cheng Jia, Shuaiqiang Jiao, Jiapeng Chen, Xiao Dong, Mengke Xia, Zhanghui Deng, Ting Cheng, Hailian Chen, Chunjun Wu, Haihong He, Mingyuan Han, Buxing Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular & Process Engineering School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University Shanghai200062 China Institute of Eco-Chongming 20 Cuiniao Road Chenjia Town Chongming District Shanghai202162 China Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Thermodynamics Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China

Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction offers a promising approach to synthesizing valuable organic nitrogen compounds via C‒N coupling, serving as a pivotal solution to the pressing nitrate pollution issue. While significant progress has been made in electrosynthesizing C‒N and C=N compounds, the electrosynthesis of nitriles with C ≡ N bonds remains challenging, and has not been reported. Herein, we introduce a novel method for efficient synthesizing nitriles through electrocatalytic coupling of nitrate ions (NO3‒) with aldehydes under ambient conditions, employing ZnO/Sn/SnO2 as electrocatalyst. In situ spectroscopic characterization and theoretical calculations demonstrated that the adsorption and accumulation of *NH2OH and *RCHO on the catalyst plays a central role efficient reaction. The key C‒N bond-forming step is found to be the formation of hydroxylamine from nitrate reduction and its subsequent condensation with *RCHO. The C‒N coupling strategy can be applied to the synthesis of fatty nitrile and (hetero)aromatic nitrile compounds. This study opens the way for nitriles electrosynthesis from nitrogen wastes, which could contribute to utilization of nitrogen ***;Nitrate Reduction;C≡N Bond;Nitrile;Hydroxylamine © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nitrates

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Reductive leaching of manganese from low-grade pyrolusite ore in sulfuric acid using pyrolysis-pretreated sawdust as a reductant

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2016年第3期23卷 241-246页

作者： Ya-li Feng Shi-yuan Zhang Hao-ran Li School of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences

Manganese （Mn） leaching and recovery from low-grade pyrolusite ore were studied using sulfiaric acid （H2SO4） as a leachant and pyrolysis-pretreated sawdust as a reductant. The effects of the dosage of pyrolysis-pretreated sawdust to pyrolusite ore, the concentration of sulfuric acid, the liquid/solid ratio, the leaching temperature, and the leaching time on manganese and iron leaching efficiencies were inves- tigated. Analysis of manganese and iron leaching efficiencies revealed that a high manganese leaching efficiency was achieved with low iron extraction. The optimal leaching efficiency was determined to be 20wt% pyrolysis-pretreated sawdust and 3.0 mol/L H2SO4 using a liq- uid/solid ratio of 6.0 mL/g for 90min at 90℃. Other low-grade pyrolusite ores were tested, and the results showed that they responded well with manganese leaching efficiencies greater than 98%.

关键词： manganese ore treatment pyrolusite sawdust pyrolysis leaching manganese

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Nenofiltration for separation and purification of saccharides from biomass

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and engineering 2021年第4期15卷 837-853页

作者： Xianhui Li Sheng Tan Jianquan Luo Manuel Pinelo Process and Systems Engineering Center(PROSYS) Department of Chemical and Biochemical EngineeringTechnical University of DenmarkDK-2800 LyngbyDenmark State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering Institute of Process EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

Saccharide production is critical to the development of biotechnology in the field of food and *** extraction of saccharide from biomass-based hydrolysate mixtures has become a trend due to low cost and abundant biomass *** to conventional methods of fractionation and recovery of saccharides,nanofiltration(NF)has received considerable attention in recent decades because of its high selectivity and low energy consumption and environmental *** this review the advantages and challenges of NF based technology in the separation of saccharides are critically *** membrane processes,i.e.,combining NF with ultrafiltration,can complement each other to provide an efficient approach for removal of unwanted solutes to obtain higher purity ***,use of NF membrane separation technology is limited due to irreversible membrane fouling that results in high capital and operating *** development of NF membrane technology should therefore focus on improving material stability,antifouling ability and saccharide targeting selectivity,as well as on engineering aspects such as process optimisation and membrane module design.

关键词： saccharides nanofiltration membrane hybrid membrane process biomas

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