Since the scalability of logic circuits is becoming larger and more complex, the auto-design is becoming more and more difficult. In order to improve automatic design and performance evaluation of logic circuits in ef...
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Since the scalability of logic circuits is becoming larger and more complex, the auto-design is becoming more and more difficult. In order to improve automatic design and performance evaluation of logic circuits in efficiency and capability of optimization, multiobjective simulated annealing (MSA) based increasable evolution approach is designed to evolve logic circuits automatically with an extended matrix encoding method, which can be able to reflect the potential performance of a circuit and reduce the risk of deleting a circuit with a good developing potential during evolution is devised. In the process of evolution, each individual is renewedly associated to a corresponding objective in terms of a novel adaptive evaluation method at each generation. In experiments, complicated arithmetic circuits are designed to assess the performance of MSA against other algorithms. Results indicate that the proposed method could design logic circuits efficiently.
A technique including direct acid leaching, vanadium precipitation with alkaline, sodium hydroxide releaching, impurity removing by adjusting pH value, precipitation vanadium with ammonium chloride, and vanadium pento...
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A technique including direct acid leaching, vanadium precipitation with alkaline, sodium hydroxide releaching, impurity removing by adjusting pH value, precipitation vanadium with ammonium chloride, and vanadium pentoxide by roasting steps was proposed according to the characteristic of Xichuan clay vanadium mineral. The factors influencing leaching vanadium such as temperature and the concentration of sulfuric acid were investigated and optimized. The experimental results indicate that the extract ratios of V205 can reach 94% and 92% at a sodium chlorate ratio of 3% and a manganese dioxide ratio of 3%, respectivdy. A completely chemical precipitation method was adopted to decontaminate and enrich the vanadium in the acid leaching solution. The X-ray diffraction （XRD） pattern and the purity analysis of vanadium pentoxide indicate that the purity of final vanadium pentoxide can reach 99% and meet the standard specifications. The total recovery can reach about 75%. The technique has the characteristics of simplicity, less investment, and more environment safety as compared with the traditional salt roasting method.
In-situ coupling of adsorptive desulfurization and biodesulfurization is a new desulfurization technol- ogy for fossil oil. It has the merits of high-selectivity of biodesulfurization and high-rate of adsorptive desul...
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In-situ coupling of adsorptive desulfurization and biodesulfurization is a new desulfurization technol- ogy for fossil oil. It has the merits of high-selectivity of biodesulfurization and high-rate of adsorptive desulfurization. It is carried out by assembling nano-adsorbents onto surfaces of microbial cells. In this work, In-situ coupling desulfurization technology of widely used desulfurization adsorbents of γ-Al2O3, Na-Y molecular sieves, and active carbon with Pseudomonas delafieldii R-8 were studied. Results show that Na-Y molecular sieves restrain the activity of R-8 cells and active carbon cannot desorb the sub- strate dibenzothiophene (DBT). Thus, they are not applicable to in-situ coupling desulfurization tech- nology. Gamma-Al2O3 can adsorb DBT from oil phase quickly, and then desorb it and transfer it to R-8 cells for biodegradation, thus increasing desulfurization rate. It is also found that nano-sized γ-Al2O3 increases desulfurization rate more than regular-sized γ-Al2O3. Therefore, nano- γ-Al2O3 is regarded as the better adsorbent for this in-situ coupling desulfurization technology.
A solid phase conjugation process was developed for attachment of polyethylene glycol to hemoglobin molecule. Bovine hemoglobin was loaded onto an ion exchange chromatography column and adsorbed by the solid medium. S...
A solid phase conjugation process was developed for attachment of polyethylene glycol to hemoglobin molecule. Bovine hemoglobin was loaded onto an ion exchange chromatography column and adsorbed by the solid medium. Succinimidyl carbonate mPEG was introduced in the mobile phase after the adsorption. Pegylation took place between the hemoglobin on the solid phase, and the pegylation reagent in the liquid phase. A further elution was carried out to separate the pegylated and the unpegylated protein. Analysis by HPSEC, SDS-PAGE, and MALLS demonstrated that the fractions eluted from the solid phase contained well-defined components. Pegylated hemoglobin with one PEG chain was obtained with the yield of 75%, in comparison to the yield of 30% in the liquid phase pegylation. The P(50) values of the mono-pegylated hemoglobin, prepared with SC-mPEG 5 kDa, 10 kDa and 20 kDa, were 19.97, 20.23 and 20.54 mmHg, which were much closer to the value of red blood cells than that of pegylated hemoglobin prepared with the conventional method.
BaF2·CaF2 eutectic and Cr3C2 composite powders coated with NiCr alloy were prepared with the technology of hydrogen reduction hydrothermal process combined with a solid state alloying. NiCr/Cr3C2 -BaF2·CaF2 ...
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BaF2·CaF2 eutectic and Cr3C2 composite powders coated with NiCr alloy were prepared with the technology of hydrogen reduction hydrothermal process combined with a solid state alloying. NiCr/Cr3C2 -BaF2·CaF2 coating was produced by atmospheric plasma spray (APS) using the prepared powders. The microstructure and phase compositions of the powders as well as the deposited coating were analyzed by SEM and XRD, while the friction and wear behavior of the coatings from room temperature to 500C were evaluated using a SRV high temperature tribometer. The NiCr/Cr3C2 -BaF2·CaF2 composite coating exhibited excellent wear-resistant performance by high temperature self-lubrication with high microhardness and cohesive strength. Oxidation, decarburization and ablation of Cr3C2-BaF2·CaF2 during spray were avoided due to the protection by NiCr layer. The friction coefficient of the coating, 0.740.02 at room temperature, gradually decreased with the increase of temperature, a small value of 0.380.03 was achieved as temperature up to 500C, which led to a significant decrease of wear rates of both of the coating and the Si3N4 ball. BaF2·CaF2 eutectic underwent a transition with decrease of shear strength at high temperature from brittle to plastic state, which resulted in the formation on a continuous lubricating layer in the wear track at 500C.
Reduction of Bama ilmenite concentrate containing 49.78% TiO2 and 27.96% total Fe by graphite was studied using thermogravimetric analysis system under argon gas ambient from 850 to 1 400 ℃. The reduction degree of B...
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Reduction of Bama ilmenite concentrate containing 49.78% TiO2 and 27.96% total Fe by graphite was studied using thermogravimetric analysis system under argon gas ambient from 850 to 1 400 ℃. The reduction degree of Bama ilmenite is enhanced with increasing temperature and the molar ratio of carbon to oxygen, and the reaction rate varies with temperature and reduction time simultaneously. The phase transformation, chemical composition, microstructure and morphology of reduced samples were investigated by using X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, and energy disperse spectroscopy, respectively. The high content of impurities in Bama ilmenite evidently bates the reduction of ilmenite. Forming the enrichment zone of manganese prevents complete reduction of Fe2+. The reduction products are mostly reduced iron, rutile, reduced rutiles, Ti3O5 and pseudobrookite solid solution. The reduction kinetics was also discussed. The results show that the reduction temperature is a key factor to control reaction rate.
A novel method of enzymatic hydrolysis was developed in this paper to produce a high conversion yield and hydrolysis rate.A comparison was described by using three methods of enzymatic hydrolysis and adsorption of ste...
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A novel method of enzymatic hydrolysis was developed in this paper to produce a high conversion yield and hydrolysis rate.A comparison was described by using three methods of enzymatic hydrolysis and adsorption of steam exploded straw(SEWS):shaking ball in the regime,shaking with stirrer bed,and static *** most adequate filter-paper activity,speed and reaction time were 3.6×10^(-7) mol/(s·mL),150 r/min and 24 h,respectively,with the reducing sugar yield of *** results showed that the method of shaking ball produced the highest adsorption,conversion yields and hydrolysis rate of the *** might be due to the continuous frequency increase of enzyme adsorption and desorption on the substrate surface as well as the relieved end-product *** morphological variation of SEWS was characterized by environmental scanning electron microscopy(ESEM).
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