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Modeling the axial hydrodynamics of gas-solid counter-current downers

Particuology 2020年第3期18卷 135-143页

作者： Juanbo Liu Xinhua Liu Zhixin Zhang Hui Zhao Wei Ge State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems Institute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Chemical Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100490China State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing China University of PetroleumQingdao 266555China

Gas-solid counter-current downer reactors,in which particles move downward in an upward gas flow,can achieve high solid concentration for high heat and/or mass transfer ***,the particles may reverse their direction or even be carried out of the reactor as the gas flow rate *** is closely related to "flooding" in counter-current *** energy minimization multiscale (EMMS) model well describes multiscale heterogeneity in gas-solid cocurrent upward *** is further developed to simulate gas-solid counter-current downward flows because similar heterogeneity can also be found in *** model characterizes well the axial hydrodynamics and predicts an inflexional voidage variation with superficial gas velocity in the fully developed *** is supported by a simulation based on computational fluid dynamics and the discrete element *** flooding predicted by the model agrees better with experiment than previous models.

关键词： Mathematical modeling Counter-current downer Flooding EMMS Mesoscale

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Efficient sequential harvesting of solar light by heterogeneous hollow shells with hierarchical pores

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National Science Review 2020年第11期7卷 1638-1646页

作者： Yanze Wei Jiawei Wan Nailiang Yang Yu Yang Yanwen Ma Songcan Wang Jiangyan Wang Ranbo Yu Lin Gu Lianhui Wang Lianzhou Wang Wei Huang Dan Wang State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Physical Chemistry School of Metallurgical and Ecological EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology Beijing University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of Queensland Department of Materials Science andEngineering Stanford University Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences

In nature, sequential harvesting of light widely exists in the old life entity, i.e. cyanobacteria, to maximize the light absorption and enhance the photosynthesis efficiency. Inspired by nature, we propose a brand new concept of temporally-spatially sequential harvesting of light in one single particle, which has purpose-designed heterogeneous hollow multi-shelled structures (HoMSs) with porous shells composed of nanoparticle subunits. Structurally, Ho MSs consist of different band-gap materials outside-in, thus realizing the efficient harvesting of light with different wavelengths. Moreover, introducing oxygen vacancies into each nanoparticle subunit can also enhance the light absorption. With the benefit of sequential harvesting of light in Ho MSs, the quantum efficiency at wavelength of 400 nm is enhanced by six times compared with the corresponding nanoparticles. Impressively, using these aforementioned materials as photocatalysts,highly efficient photocatalytic water splitting is realized, which cannot be achieved by using the nanoparticle counterparts. This new concept of temporally-spatially sequential harvesting of solar light paves the way for solving the ever-growing energy demand.

关键词： light harvesting hollow structures multi-shelled solar energy conversion

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In-situ electro-deposition synthesis of MnO_(x)-NiCo_(2)O_(4) monolithic catalyst with rich phase interfaces

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2021年第1期32卷 21-24页

作者： Dongdong Wang Yingchao Du Xiaoze Wang Zhaxi Cuo Yunfa Chen State Key Laboratory of Multi-Phase Complex Systems Institute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry and Ecoenviromental Protection in Tibetan Plateau (Qinghai Nationalities University)State Ethnic Affairs CommissionSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXining 810007China CAS Center for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment Xiamen 361021China

A hierarchically structured MnO_(x)-NiCo_(2)O_(4) monolithic catalyst with rich phase interfaces was designed by a simple,eco-friendly and time-saving in-situ electro-deposition *** abundance of active oxygen species due to this rich phase interfaces contributed to the excellent benzene combustion performance of MnO_(x)-NiCo_(2)O_(4)-2:2 sample,oxidizing about 90% of benzene(T_(90)) at 198℃ under 12000 h^(-1) gaseous hourly space *** work shed new light on the design of excellent monolithic catalysts,which might pave the way for the industrialization of benzene combustion.

关键词： Rich phase interfaces In-situ electro-deposition Active oxygen species Benzene combustion MnO_(x)-NiCo_(2)O_(4)

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Thioamide construction via sulfur interrupted Brook rearrangement

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Green Synthesis and Catalysis 2024年

作者： Zhang, Shunmin Liao, Yanyan Jiang, Xuefeng State Key Laboratory of Molecular and Process Engineering Institute of Eco-Chongming School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Normal University Henan Xinxiang 453007 China

Thioamide was straightforwardly constructed via a chemoselective one-pot synthesis, employing acylsilanes in conjunction with diverse amines and elemental sulfur. The driving force of thioamidation stemmed from silane migration, a synergy process of lone pair electron attack from amine and more stable Si–O bond formation, followed by the nucleophilic activation of elemental sulfur via carbanion intermediate. The leaving trend of trimethylsilanolate and nucleophilicity of linear polysulfur facilitated the cleavage of the S–S bond affording thioamide. A variety of sensitive functional groups, including unprotected hydroxyl, carboxyl and difluoride substitution moieties, are well tolerated under the reaction conditions. Site-selective introduction of thioamide was further demonstrated for the biologically active molecule linkage, displaying the advantages compared with the conventional Lawesson's reagent. © 2024 Fudan University

关键词： Acylsilane Chemoselectivity Fast linkage Sulfur Thioamide

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Architecture and evolution of the lithosphere beneath the northern South China sea: Implications for plate-edge lithospheric thinning and rifting

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Fundamental Research 2025年

作者： Ma, Qiang Qian, Sheng-Ping Xu, Yi-Gang Yang, Fan Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou) Guangzhou 511458 China State Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Process and Resources (DEEPER) Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510640 China

Passive margins formed by continental rifting and oceanic spreading exhibit a wide range of characteristics, many of which remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigate the continent-ocean transition (COT) of the South China Sea (SCS) to elucidate the tectonic-magmatic processes involved in continental thinning and rifting. We present new in situ analyses of water, chemical, and Sr isotopic compositions of volcanic glasses and plagioclases, alongside the ages and Hf isotope compositions of zircons from the SCS. Our isotopic data reveal significant inter- and intra-crystalline disequilibria in plagioclase phenocrysts, suggesting a complex history of mantle-derived magmas interacting with the continental crust. Geochemical variability in the plagioclases and the presence of old inherited zircons indicate that mantle magmas were contaminated by crustal material. The ages (ranging from Cretaceous to Archean) and Hf isotopic signatures of the zircons are similar to those found in the Cathaysian block of Southeast China, supporting the presence of continental lithosphere beneath the northern SCS. The COT is characterized by a sharp juxtaposition of continental crust and igneous oceanic crust, and its structural features differ from the classic magma-poor or magma-rich passive-margin models. The X_H2O conditions inferred for basalt generation during continental rifting and SCS spreading imply that the underlying mantle beneath the SCS was hydrous, which may have triggered the weakening and removal of the lithospheric root, probably due to the multiple subductions of oceanic plates since the Cretaceous. Our findings provide key evidence for the role of hydro-induced lithospheric weakening associated with nearby subduction zones in the processes of continental thinning and breakup in the SCS. © 2025

关键词： Continental lithospheric thinning and rifting Lithosphere structure Mantle transition zone South china sea Water

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Stable 3D Deep Convolutional Autoencoder Method for Ultrasonic Testing of Defects in Polymer Composites

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Polymers 2024年第11期16卷 1561页

作者： Liu, Yi Yu, Qing Liu, Kaixin Zhu, Ningtao Yao, Yuan Institute of Process Equipment and Control Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou310023 China The State Key Laboratory for Electronic Testing Technology North University of China Taiyuan030051 China Xi’an Zhanshi Testing & Engineering Co. Ltd. Xi’an710000 China Department of Chemical Engineering National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu300044 Taiwan

Ultrasonic testing is widely used for defect detection in polymer composites owing to advantages such as fast processing speed, simple operation, high reliability, and real-time monitoring. However, defect information in ultrasound images is not easily detectable because of the influence of ultrasound echoes and noise. In this study, a stable three-dimensional deep convolutional autoencoder (3D-DCA) was developed to identify defects in polymer composites. Through 3D convolutional operations, it can synchronously learn the spatiotemporal properties of the data volume. Subsequently, the depth receptive field (RF) of the hidden layer in the autoencoder maps the defect information to the original depth location, thereby mitigating the effects of the defect surface and bottom echoes. In addition, a dual-layer encoder was designed to improve the hidden layer visualization results. Consequently, the size, shape, and depth of the defects can be accurately determined. The feasibility of the method was demonstrated through its application to defect detection in carbon-fiber-reinforced polymers. © 2024 by the authors.

关键词： Convolution

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Dynamic equilibrium of electrochemical bubbles growing on micro-electrodes

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Huang, Mengyuan Sun, Chao Eckert, Kerstin Zhang, Xianren Mutschke, Gerd Institute of Process Engineering and Environmental Technology Technical University of Dresden Dresden01069 Germany Dresden01328 Germany New Cornerstone Science Laboratory Center for Combustion Energy Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Energy and Power Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing100029 China

In gas evolving electrolysis, bubbles grow at electrodes due to a diffusive influx from oversaturation generated locally in the electrolyte by the electrode *** considering electrodes of micrometer-size resembling catalytic islands, bubbles are found to approach dynamic equilibriumstates at which they neither grownor shrink. Such equilibriumstates are found at low oversaturation for both, pinning and expanding wetting regimes of the bubbles and are based on the balance of local influx near the bubble foot and global outflux. Unlike the stability of pinned nano-bubbles studied earlier, the Laplace pressure plays a minor role only. We extend the analytical solution of Zhang & Lohse (2023) by taking into account the non-uniform distribution of dissolved gas around the bubble obtained from direct numerical simulation. This allows us to identify the parameter regions of bubble growth, dissolution and dynamic equilibrium as well as to analyze the stability of the equilibrium states. Finally, we draw conclusions on how to possibly enhance the efficiency of electrolysis. © 2024, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Electrolytes

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Green Energy for Autonomous Devices: Surfactant-Enhanced Membraneless Hydrogen Peroxide Fuel Cells∗ 6

Green Energy for Autonomous Devices: Surfactant-Enhanced Mem...

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6th International Conference on Manipulation, Automation, and Robotics at Small Scales, MARSS 2023

作者： Zhu, Fenyang Kuzin, Aleksei Chen, Guoxiang Gorin, Dmitry A. Mohan, Brij Huang, Gaoshan Zhao, Shuangliang Mei, Yongfeng Solovev, Alexander A. Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Center for Photonic Science and Engineering Moscow121205 Russia Institute of Molecular Sciences Instituto Superior Tecnico Universidade de Lisboa Centro de Quimica Estrutural Lisboa1049-001 Portugal Fudan University State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Materials Science Shanghai200433 China International Institute of Intelligent Nanorobots and Nanosystems Fudan University Shanghai200433 China Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University Zhejiang Yiwu322000 China Guangxi University Guangxi Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Resources Processing and Process Intensification Technology School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanning530004 China Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and Perception Fudan University Shanghai200433 China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350330397

The amphipathic properties of surfactant macromolecules, characterized by their hydrophilic and hydrophobic terminal groups, are ubiquitously used to modulate the surface tension of interfaces and clean surfaces. Previously, the crucial role of surfactants was reported for the performance of catalytic nano/- and micromotors. In this study, we extrapolate this concept to the membraneless hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) Fuel Cells (FCs), which exhibit performance dependence on the addition of different types of surfactants: cationic - Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS), anionic - Benzalkonium Chloride (BACl), and nonionic - Tween20. Among them, charged SDS and BACl show promotion and inhibition towards fuel cell performance, respectively. Non-charged Tween20 shows a neutral effect on fuel cell performance. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Oxidation

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Recovery of Valuable Metal Elements from Spent V2O5-WO3/TiO2 Catalysts by Carbochlorination Method

SSRN

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Ma, Sugang Fan, Chuanlin Pan, Feng Ge, Yu State Key Laboratory of Mesoscience and Engineering Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 North 2nd Street Zhongguancun Haidian District Beijing100190 China School of Chemical Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences No. 380 Huairou Zhuang Huaibei Town Huairou District Beijing101408 China

The industrial application of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) deNOx technology is expected to produce enormous amount of spent SCR catalysts, which leads to a great waste of resources and environmental concerns. The present work has proposed a chlorination-based method for the recovery of valuable metal elements such as titanium (Ti), vanadium (V) and tungsten (W) from spent V2O5-WO3/TiO2 catalysts. By carbon blending and pelletizing, the spent catalysts were achieved for the chlorination in a fluidized bed. The experimental results have shown that the pelletizing method, reacting temperature and duration significantly affect the conversion of the three metal elements. Pre-mixing and pelletizing, higher temperature (700°C) and longer duration (90min) can achieve up to 91.0%, 97.8% and 94.0% conversion ratio of titanium, tungsten and vanadium, respectively. The present work also proposes a chlorination route for the recovery of spent catalysts which is more efficient and streamlined compared to hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical methods. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Selective catalytic reduction

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Effect of poly(ethylene glycol) molecular weight on CO_2/N_2 separation performance of poly(amide-12-b-ethylene oxide)/poly(ethylene glycol) blend membranes

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2019年第1期28卷 39-45页

作者： Shichao Feng Jizhong Ren Dan Zhao Hui Li Kaisheng Hua Xinxue Li Maicun Deng State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences National Laboratory for Clean Energy Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences

Membranes from block copolymer poly(amide-12-b-ethylene oxide)(Pebax1074) and its blends with different molecular weight poly(ethylene glycol)(PEG)(200, 400, 600, 1500, 4600 and 8000) were prepared. The thermal properties and structures of Pebax1074/PEG blend membranes were characterized by DSC and SEM, and the gas permeation properties of CO_2 and N_2 were also investigated at different temperatures. For Pebax1074/PEG blend membranes with low molecular weight PEG(MW≤ 600), higher gas permeabilities than Pebax1074 were achieved. The permeability increased with the increase of PEG molecular weight. The addition of low molecular weight PEG resulted in decrease in activation energy of permeation. For Pebax1074/PEG blend membranes with high molecular weight PEG(MW≥ 1500), due to the melt of PEO phase crystals, the gas permeation properties of blend membranes were temperaturedependent, which could be divided into crystalline region, transition region and amorphous region according to two different transition temperatures. PEG molecular weight and operation temperature determined different gas permeation properties of Pebax1074/PEG blend membranes in three regions. The activation energies of permeation in crystalline region were larger than those in amorphous region.

关键词： Poly(amide-12-b-ethylene oxide) Polyethylene glycol Blend membrane Carbon dioxide separation

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