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Utilizing Ca3(PO4)2 and calcium superphosphate fertilizer for the passage of heavy metals in coal gangue: Mechanical insights and efficiency evaluation

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Environmental engineering Research 2025年第4期30卷

作者： Zhang, Hualin Bai, Wenlong Tian, Shaojing Zhao, Mengfei Yang, Youming Jiang, Xiaoliang Li, Tinggang School of Metallurgical engineering Jiangxi University of Science and Technology Ganzhou341099 China Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production of Rare Earths Jiangxi Institute of Rare Earths Ganjiang Innovation Academy Chinese Academy of Sciences Ganzhou341003 China CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture National Engineering Research Center of Green Recycling for Strategic Metal Resources Beijing Engineering Research Centre of Process Pollution Control Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China Inner Mongolia Dongyuan Environmental Protection Technology Co. Ltd Ordos014300 China State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China

Coal gangue is a typical industrial waste, which will bring environmental challenges and resource depletion when piled up in large quantities, and heavy metal pollution is a prominent problem. In this study, Ca3(PO4)2 and calcium superphosphate fertilizer (CSF) were utilized to passivate coal gangue at different pollution levels, and its passivation mechanism was discussed. The results show that both Ca3(PO4)2 and CSF can effectively passivate coal gangue and effectively reduce moderate or high levels of coal gangue pollution to a slight or clean level. The passivation effect of CSF is slightly better than that of Ca3(PO4)2. Through characterization of coal gangue before and after passivation and simulation with Visual MINTEQ and PHREEQC software, it is found that Ca3(PO4)2 can provide PO3 2−, while CSF releases HPO3 –, which is ionized to generate more PO3 2−, and finally forms insoluble or slightly soluble phosphate with heavy metals. Leaching experiments show that the treated samples contain obviously more stable heavy metal components, and the leaching risk is lower than that of untreated coal gangue. In summary, this method proves its effectiveness in fixing heavy metals in coal gangue and provides an effective method for the harmless treatment of coal gangue. © 2025, Korean Society of Environmental Engineers. All rights reserved.

关键词： Coal tailings

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Effects of particle elongation on dense granular flows down a rough inclined plane

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Liu, Jixiong Jing, Lu Pähtz, Thomas Cui, Yifei Zhou, Gordon G.D. Fu, Xudong Institute for Ocean Engineering Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University Shenzhen China State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering Department of Hydraulic Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu China Institute of Port Coastal and Offshore Engineering Ocean College Zhejiang University Zhoushan China Key Laboratory of Hydrosphere Sciences of the Ministry of Water Resources Beijing China Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth Surface Process Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu China

Granular materials in nature are nearly always non-spherical, but particle shape effects in granular flow remain largely elusive. This study uses discrete element method simulations to investigate how elongated particle shapes affect the mobility of dense granular flows down a rough incline. For a range of systematically varied particle length-to-diameter aspect ratios (AR), we run simulations with various flow thicknesses h and slope angles θ to extract the well-known hstop(θ) curves (below which the flow ceases) and the Fr-h/hstop relations following Pouliquen’s approach, where Fr = u/√gh is the Froude number, u is the mean flow velocity, and g is the gravitational acceleration. The slope β of the Fr-h/hstop relations shows an intriguing S-shaped dependence on AR, with two plateaus at small and large AR, respectively, transitioning with a sharp increase. We understand this S-shaped dependence by examining statistics of particle orientation, alignment, and hindered rotation. We find that the rotation ability of weakly elongated particles (AR 1.3) remains similar to spheres, leading to the first plateau in the β-AR relation, whereas the effects of particle orientation saturates beyond AR ≈ 2.0, explaining the second plateau. An empirical sigmoidal function is proposed to capture this non-linear dependence. The findings are expected to enhance our understanding of how particle shape affects the flow of granular materials from both the flow- and particle-scale perspectives. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Aspect ratio

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GenoHoption: Bridging Gene Network Graphs and Single-Cell Foundation Models

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Cheng, Jiabei Li, Jiachen Yang, Kaiyuan Shen, Hongbin Yuan, Ye Department of Automation School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai China Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

The remarkable success of foundation models has sparked growing interest in their application to single-cell biology. Models like Geneformer and scGPT promise to serve as versatile tools in this specialized field. However, representing a cell as a sequence of genes remains an open question since the order of genes is interchangeable. Injecting the gene network graph offers gene relative positions and compact data representation but poses a dilemma: limited receptive fields without in-layer message passing or parameter explosion with message passing in each layer. To pave the way forward, we propose GenoHoption, a new computational framework for single-cell sequencing data that effortlessly combines the strengths of these foundation models with explicit relationships in gene networks. We also introduce a constraint that lightens the model by focusing on learning the predefined graph structure while ensuring further hops are deducted to expand the receptive field. Empirical studies show that our model improves by an average of 1.27% on cell-type annotation and 3.86% on perturbation prediction. Furthermore, our method significantly decreases computational overhead and exhibits few-shot potential. Overall, GenoHoption can function as an efficient and expressive bridge, connecting existing single-cell foundation models to gene network graphs. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Network theory (graphs)

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High-purity, low-Cl V2O5 via the gaseous hydrolysis of VOCl3 in a fluidized bed

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Particuology 2020年第2期18卷 9-15页

作者： Chuanlin Fan Jie Xu Haitao Yang Qingshan Zhu State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems Institute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Chemical Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems.Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

Present-day all-vanadium redox flow batteries(VRFBs)generally require high purity vanadium oxide as a raw *** chlorination procedure presents distinct technical advantages with regard to preparing high purity vanadium pentoxide(V2O5)using vanadium oxytrichloride(VOCl3)as a highly pure *** efficiently prepare high purity V2Os from VOCl3,a single-step fluidized bed chemical vapor deposition(FBCVD)method was explored in the present *** on thermodynamic analyses,the direct and complete conversion of VOCl3 to V2O5 is difficult,and may result in a small amount of residual Cl in the ***,the effects of temperature and the H2O/VOCl3 molar ratio on the quantity of residual Cl were *** Cl concentration was found to decrease with increasing temperature or increasing H2O/VOCl3 molar ***,Cl was determined to be present only in the form of Cl-V bonds,while Cl-H and Cl-Cl bonds were not detected in a V2O5 product made at 200℃with a H2O/VOCl3 molar ratio of 18.A Cl concentration of less than 0.05 wt%was obtained under the optimal synthesis conditions,demonstrating that the FBCVD method is a viable means of preparing high purity V2O5 via the gaseous hydrolysis of VOCl3.

关键词： Chlorination procedure High purity VOCl3 FBCVD High purity V2O5 Gaseous hydrolysis Chlorine

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Editorial overview: Fundamentals of multiphase processes toward carbon neutrality

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Current Opinion in Chemical engineering 2024年 43卷

作者： Yang, Ning Ye, Mao Chu, Liang-Yin State Key Laboratory of Mesoscience and Engineering Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China National Engineering Research Center of Low-carbon Catalysis Technology Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian116023 China School of Chemical Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu610065 China

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Phosphorus Coordinated Pd Single-Atom Sites on Hypercrosslinked Polymers for Heterogeneous Hydroesterification of Ethylene

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Wang, Luming Zhang, Guoliang Zhao, Hui Wang, Gang Li, Zengxi Li, Chunshan School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100049 China State Key Laboratory of Mesoscience and Engineering CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China Huizhou Institute of Green Energy and Advanced Materials Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory Guangdong516081 China Binzhou Institute of Technology Weiqiao-UCAS Science and Technology Park Shandong Province Binzhou256606 China

Recently, the development of separable and recycling heterogeneous catalyst for ethylene hydroesterification to methyl propionate (MP) has attracted wide interest of researchers. Herein, a kind of 1, 2-bis(di-tert-butyl phosphinomethyl)benzene (dtbpb)-functionalized hypercrosslinked polymers (HCPs) coordinated with Pd single-atom sites was designed and utilized for heterogeneous hydroesterification of ethylene to MP using CO and methanol. The as-prepared catalyst series were characterized with FT-IR, SEM, XPS, NMR, HRTEM, HAADF-STEM, and XAS, which confirmed the coordination structure of Pd with dtbpb ligand linked to HCPs, as well as the dispersion of Pd in the form of single atoms on the polymer support. The effects of Pd loading and reaction conditions on the ethylene hydroesterification were systematically investigated. As a results, 100% selectivity of MP with 96.2% conversion of ethylene were achieved on Pd/dtbpb@HCPs catalyst under the optimal conditions and no obvious deactivation behavior was observed during the recycling evaluation. The detailed reaction mechanism of ethylene hydroesterification was proposed by identification of crucial intermediates of Pd-H, Pd-alkyl and Pd-acyl species by employing in-situ DRIFTS. In addition, the kinetic studies on the reaction order of ethylene and CO and apparent activation barrier were also conducted for deep understanding of this transformative process. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Ethylene

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GenoHoption: Bridging Gene Network Graphs and Single-Cell Foundation Models

GenoHoption: Bridging Gene Network Graphs and Single-Cell Fo...

引用

IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM)

作者： Jiabei Cheng Jiachen Li Kaiyuan Yang Hongbin Shen Ye Yuan Department of Automation School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai China Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

ISBN: (数字)9798350386226

ISBN: (纸本)9798350386233

The remarkable success of foundation models has sparked growing interest in their application to single-cell biology. Models like Geneformer and scGPT promise to serve as versatile tools in this specialized field. However, representing a cell as a sequence of genes remains an open question since the order of genes is interchangeable. Injecting the gene network graph offers gene relative positions and compact data representation but poses a dilemma: limited receptive fields without in-layer message passing or parameter explosion with message passing in each layer. To pave the way forward, we propose GenoHoption, a new computational framework for single-cell sequencing data that effortlessly combines the strengths of these foundation models with explicit relationships in gene networks. We also introduce a constraint that lightens the model by focusing on learning the predefined graph structure while ensuring further hops are deducted to expand the receptive field. Empirical studies show that our model improves by an average of 1.27% on cell-type annotation and 3.86% on perturbation prediction. Furthermore, our method significantly decreases computational overhead. Overall, GenoHoption can function as an efficient and expressive bridge, connecting existing single-cell foundation models to gene network graphs. 1

关键词： Bridges Sequential analysis Foundation models Biological system modeling Message passing Computational modeling Perturbation methods Predictive models Genetics Periodic structures

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Effect of droplet superficial velocity on mixing efficiency in a microchannel

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & engineering) 2022年第10期23卷 783-794页

作者： Jin-yuan QIAN Lei ZHAO Xiao-juan LI Wen-qing LI Zhi-jiang JIN Institute of Process Equipment College of Energy EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China

In this study, droplet characteristics including droplet length and formation time, and mixing efficiency in droplets were investigated via the volume of fluid(VOF) method coupled with a user defined scalar(UDS) model. A cross-shaped junction with a square cross-section was designed and used for droplet formation. An initial arrangement which differed from that of a conventional operation was adopted. Results show that when the droplet superficial velocity is constant, the exchange between the dispersed phase velocity and the continuous phase velocity has a marginal effect on the droplet formation ***, the exchange has a great effect on droplet length. These findings provide a valuable guide for future operation of droplet formation. In addition, the results show that the mixing efficiency in the droplet forming stage can be classified into time-dominated and length-dominated regimes according to the droplet superficial velocity. When a droplet flows in a microchannel,a higher droplet superficial velocity increases mixing efficiency due to the faster inner circulation and shorter droplet length.

关键词： Droplet characteristics Mixing efficiency Inner circulation Droplet superficial velocity

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Model-Free Adaptive Control of MIMO Nonlinear Systems With Prescribed Tracking Performance

Model-Free Adaptive Control of MIMO Nonlinear Systems With P...

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Asian Control Conference

作者： Wei Ding Jin–Xi Zhang Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Automation Changshu Institute of Technology Changshu China State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries Northeastern University Shenyang China

ISBN: (数字)9789887581598

ISBN: (纸本)9798331540845

This paper investigates the problem of model-free tracking control of a class of multi-input multi-output nonlinear systems with inputs coupling and external disturbances. A novel directly adaptive prescribed performance controller with the constraint transformation and the Nussbaum gain technique is developed. It guarantees that the system outputs track the reference signals with the prescribed rate, overshoot and accuracy. The controller depends on information of neither the multiplicative and additive system nonlinearities nor the external disturbances. Even so, no neural networks, fuzzy logic systems or disturbance observers are employed, yielding a simple control algorithm. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.

关键词： Fuzzy logic Couplings Adaptation models Additives Accuracy Simulation Neural networks

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Investigation of the rigid structure, luminescence properties of stable CaY2Al4SiO12: Bi/Tb/Sm phosphors toward wLEDs application

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Ceramics International 2025年

作者： Chen, C.X. Zheng, X.Z. Dai, W.B. Ni, C.Y. Li, W.Y. Wu, D. Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials & Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan430205 China Key Laboratory of Testing and Tracing of Rare Earth Products for State Market Regulation Jiangxi University of Science and Technology Ganzhou341000 China

As energy consumption intensifies, energy saving and environmentally friendly phosphor-converted white light-emitting diodes (pc-wLEDs) have become the current research hotspots. The garnet-based CaY2Al4SiO12 (CYAS) phosphors, with their abundant lattice sites and stable physical properties, are ideal candidates as phosphor hosts. Through comprehensive experimental and theoretical analyses, including XRD/Rietveld refinement and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, it was determined that Bi3+/Tb3+/Sm3+ ions preferentially occupy the Y3+ lattice site. The luminescence properties and thermal stability of CYAS: Bi3+/Tb3+/Sm3+ have been extensively investigated. The quantum yield (QY) has been enhanced to 48.3 % due to energy transfer (ET), which is not a significant difference compared to existing phosphors, and by superposition of blue (Bi, 3P1 → 1S0), green (Tb, 5D4 → 7F5), and red (Sm, 4G5/2 → 6H5/2) emission, resulting in tunable spectrum and high-quality, full-spectrum white light emission. Finally, the wLED device with high color rendering index (CRI, 87), high luminous efficiency (LE, 74 lm·W−1), and low correlated color temperature (CCT, 4747.56 K) were fabricated by a remote ‘encapsulation’ packaging strategy, suggesting that the phosphor can be applied to high quality white light illumination. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l.

关键词： Phosphors

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