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Shorter ZK-SNARKs from square span programs over ideal lattices

Cybersecurity 2025年第1期8卷 208-226页

作者： Xi Lin Heyang Cao Feng‑Hao Liu Zhedong Wang Mingsheng Wang Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Security Defense Institute of Information EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina School of Cyber Security University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina School of Electrical Engineering&Computer Science Washington State UniversityPullmanWAUSA School of Cyber Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghaiChina

Zero-knowledge succinct non-interactive arguments of knowledge(zk-SNARKs)are cryptographic protocols that ofer efcient and privacy-preserving means of verifying NP language relations and have drawn considerable atten‑tion for their appealing applications,e.g.,verifable computation and anonymous payment *** with the pre-quantum case,the practicability of this primitive in the post-quantum setting is still unsatisfactory,espe‑cially for the space *** tackle this issue,this work seeks to enhance the efciency and compactness of lat‑tice-based zk-SNARKs,including proof length and common reference string(CRS)*** this paper,we develop the framework of square span program-based SNARKs and design new zk-SNARKs over cyclotomic *** with previous works,our construction is without parallel repetition and achieves shorter proof and CRS lengths than previous lattice-based zk-SNARK ***,the proof length of our scheme is around 23.3%smaller than the recent shortest lattice-based zk-SNARKs by Ishai et al.(in:Proceedings of the 2021 ACM SIGSAC conference on computer and communications security,pp 212-234,2021),and the CRS length is 3.6×*** constructions follow the framework of Gennaro et al.(in:Proceedings of the 2018 ACM SIGSAC conference on computer and com‑munications security,pp 556-573,2018),and adapt it to the ring setting by slightly modifying the knowledge *** develop concretely small constructions by using module-switching and key-switching procedures in a novel way.

关键词： Zk-SNARKs Post-quantum Succinct argument

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DRL-Enabled Computation Offloading for AIGC Services in IIoT-Assisted Edge Computing Networks

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年第9期12卷 12829-12844页

作者： Zhang, Xingxing Li, Shaobo Tang, Jianhang Zhu, keyu Zhang, Yang Guizhou University State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data Guiyang550025 China National University of Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Queenstown Singapore Guizhou Institute of Technology School of Big Data Guiyang550003 China Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics College of Computer Science and Technology Nanjing210016 China

The widespread application of AI-generated content (AIGC) services has driven demand for efficient computational resources, making effective task scheduling and computation offloading in edge computing (EC) environments a critical research topic. However, the high computational requirements and low latency demands of AIGC services, combined with the limitations of EC, present challenges for existing offloading methods, such as unstable decision making in dynamic task environments and resource overloading. Here, we propose a decentralized AIGC task offloading architecture within an IoT-assisted EC network to optimize the quality of AIGC services. In this architecture, we define a multiobjective joint optimization problem for AIGC task offloading, aiming to simultaneously optimize key performance metrics, such as task latency, energy efficiency, and load balancing. To address this problem, we introduce an improved proximal policy optimization (PPO)-based deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithm, named TOPPO. By incorporating a policy update step size constraint and a clipping mechanism, TOPPO significantly enhances the stability of the training process and reduces fluctuations during policy updates. Additionally, the algorithm integrates an LSTM model to improve its ability to handle temporal dependencies. Through continuous interaction between the model and the environment, the offloading strategy is iteratively updated to ensure that diverse AIGC tasks are efficiently executed on IoT devices or edge servers. Extensive simulations and performance evaluations demonstrate that the proposed method achieves significant improvements in task latency, energy consumption, and load management during AIGC task processing. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Computation offloading

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Task Offloading in Internet of Vehicles: A DRL-based Approach with Representation Learning for DAG Scheduling

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IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 2025年第6期24卷 5045-5060页

作者： Deng, Xiaoheng Yang, Haoyu Zhang, Jingjing Gui, Jinsong Lin, Siyu Wang, Xin Min, Geyong Central South University School of Electronic Information Changsha410075 China Central South University Shenzhen Research Institute China Beijing Jiaotong University School of Electronic and Information Engineering The State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety Beijing100044 China Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security Ministry of Education Shandong Computer Science Center Jinan250014 China University of Exeter Department of Computer Science ExeterEX4 4QF United Kingdom

The rapid evolution of the Internet-of-Vehicles (IoV) has amplified the need for mobile computing resources, driving the shift toward offloading tasks to edge servers or vehicles with idle resources to optimize computational efficiency. To this end, an approach based on Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) is presented in this paper, termed DVTP, which integrates Variational Graph Attention Networks (VGAT) and Transformer models to optimize Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) task scheduling in vehicular networks. DVTP effectively captures both the spatiotemporal information and task dependencies, enabling more accurate and efficient task offloading decisions. Extensive simulation experiments demonstrate that DVTP outperforms traditional methods in reducing task completion times across various multi-vehicle and multi-edge server scenarios, showcasing its potential for real-world IoV applications. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Deep reinforcement learning

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Bio-inspired visual neural network for stop-and-go wave perception in high-density crowd 4

Bio-inspired visual neural network for stop-and-go wave perc...

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4th International Conference on computer Vision, Application, and Algorithm, CVAA 2024

作者： Jiang, Wei Hu, Bin State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data College of Computer Science and Technology Guizhou University Guiyang550025 China Department of Computer Science College of Computer Science & Technology Guizhou University Guiyang550025 China Artificial Intelligence Research Institute of Guizhou University Guizhou University Guiyang550025 China

ISBN: (数字)9781510687622

ISBN: (纸本)9781510687615

In high-density crowd, a unique visual motion effect called stop-and-go wave occurs, which could evolve to trampling and compression incidents. However, few computational models have been reported for stop-and-go wave perception form the angle of computer vision. On the bases of the neural structures of the locusts’ vision systems and the frequency resonance properties of the interneuronal (INs) neurons in locust’s brains, this paper investigates a bio-inspired visual neural network (sgWPNN) for stop-and-go wave perception in high-density crowd scenes. The proposed sgWPNN firstly visually stabilizes the image frames;and then converts the spatial intensity visual information to the frequency domain for extracting crowd’s motion cues;finally, sgWPNN output membrane potential impulses to identify the occurring of stop-and-go wave in the field of view. Videos filmed high-density crowd activities in two scenarios demonstrate the effectiveness of sgWPNN in the perception against to the unique stop-and-go wave effect in moving crowd scenes. This work discusses the biological inspired processing of dynamic visual information in crowd activity perception, which can provide some new ideas for crowd activity detection and behavior analysis. © 2025 SPIE.

关键词： Frequency domain analysis

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Collision-resistant hash-shuffles on the reals

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Barmpalias, George Zhang, Xiaoyan State Key Lab of Computer Science Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Oneway real functions are effective maps on positive-measure sets of reals that preserve randomness and have no effective probabilistic inversions. We construct a oneway real function which is collision-resistant: the probability of effectively producing distinct reals with the same image is zero, and each real has uncountable inverse image. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Inverse problems

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Research on Microkernel Integrity Semantics Model and Formal Verification

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2025年第1期23卷 43-48页

作者： Zhenjiang Qian Wei Liu Hao Huang State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Nanjing University Nanjing China Department of Computer Science and Technology Nanjing University Nanjing China

Microkernel integrity is an important aspect of security for the whole microkernel system. Many of the research works on microkernel integrity focus on analysis and safeguards against the existing kernel attacks, and security enhancements for the vulnerabilities of system design and implementation aspects. The formal methods for operating system design and verification ensure the system's high level of security. The existing formalization work and research for operating system mainly focus on the code-level verification of program correctness. In this paper, we propose a formal abstraction model of microkernel in order to accurately describe the semantics of every kernel behavior, and achieve the description of the whole kernel. Based on the model we illustrate the microkernel integrity criterions and elaborate on the integrity mechanism. Meanwhile, we formally verify the completeness and consistency between the mechanism and the definition of the microkernel integrity. We use the self-implemented operating system VTOS (Verified trusted operating system) as an example to illustrate the design method for the microkernel integrity.

关键词： Design methodology Semantics Security Personnel Logic Kernel Protection System analysis and design Research and development Formal verification

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The FPNP versus #P dichotomy for #EO

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Meng, Boning Wang, Juqiu Xia, Mingji State Key Laboratory of Computer Science Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100080 China

The complexity classification of the Holant problem has remained unresolved for the past fifteen years. Counting complex-weighted Eulerian orientation problems, denoted as #EO, is regarded as one of the most significant challenges to the comprehensive complexity classification of the Holant problem. This article presents an FPNP vs. #P dichotomy for #EO, demonstrating that #EO defined by a signature set is either #P-hard or polynomial-time computable with a specific NP oracle. This result provides a comprehensive complexity classification for #EO, and potentially leads to a dichotomy for the Holant problem. Furthermore, we derive three additional dichotomies related to the Holant problem from the dichotomy for #EO. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Polynomial approximation

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A Spatio-Temporal Transformer for Enhancing the Coherence on 3D Human Motion Prediction 18th

A Spatio-Temporal Transformer for Enhancing the Coherence ...

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18th Chinese Conference on Biometric Recognition, CCBR 2024

作者： Xie, Miner Wang, Lei Liu, Feng College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing Shenzhen University Shenzhen China Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819610709

Human motion prediction is of great importance for artificial intelligence systems, particularly in fields like autonomous driving and human-computer interaction. Existing methods have achieved good results in simple motions with small changes but still struggle with coherence in predicting complex motions with large changes in a short time. Regarding the issue in current methods, this paper proposes a novel network composed of three modules: spatial encoders that captures correlations between joints, temporal encoders that models the movement patterns of joints across frames, and a multi-frame temporal encoder that learns high-level temporal correlations to enhance prediction coherence. In addition, we propose to use Weighted Mean Per-Joint Position Error (WMPJPE) as the loss function by considering that different joints of the human skeleton have different effects on the entire action. We evaluate our method on the Human3.6M, AMASS, and 3DPW datasets. The quantitative results indicate that our method notably outperforms other methods in the prediction range of 160ms to 560ms. The qualitative results show that our method can improve the coherence of prediction. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Prediction models

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LARGE LANGUAGE MODELS OFTEN SAY ONE THING AND DO ANOTHER

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Xu, Ruoxi Lin, Hongyu Han, Xianpei Zheng, Jia Zhou, Weixiang Sun, Le Sun, Yingfei University of Chinese Academy of Sciences China Chinese Information Processing Laboratory Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences China State Key Laboratory of Computer Science Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences China

As large language models (LLMs) increasingly become central to various applications and interact with diverse user populations, ensuring their reliable and consistent performance is becoming more important. This paper explores a critical issue in assessing the reliability of LLMs: the consistency between their words and deeds. To quantitatively explore this consistency, we developed a novel evaluation benchmark called the Words and Deeds Consistency Test (WDCT). The benchmark establishes a strict correspondence between word-based and deed-based questions across different domains, including opinion vs. action, non-ethical value vs. action, ethical value vs. action, and theory vs. application. The evaluation results reveal a widespread inconsistency between words and deeds across different LLMs and domains. Subsequently, we conducted experiments with either word alignment or deed alignment to observe their impact on the other aspect. The experimental results indicate that alignment only on words or deeds poorly and unpredictably influences the other aspect. This supports our hypothesis that the underlying knowledge guiding LLMs’ word or deed choices is not contained within a unified space. Dataset and code are available at https://***/icipcas/Word-Deed-Consistency-Test. © 2025, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Ethical aspects

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Image Computation for Quantum Transition Systems

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Hong, Xin Gao, Dingchao Li, Sanjiang Ying, Shenggang Ying, Mingsheng State Key Laboratory of Computer Science Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Centre for Quantum Software and Information University of Technology Sydney Sydney Australia

With the rapid progress in quantum hardware and software, the need for verification of quantum systems becomes increasingly crucial. While model checking is a dominant and very successful technique for verifying classical systems, its application to quantum systems is still an underdeveloped research area. This paper advances the development of model checking quantum systems by providing efficient image computation algorithms for quantum transition systems, which play a fundamental role in model checking. In our approach, we represent quantum circuits as tensor networks and design algorithms by leveraging the properties of tensor networks and tensor decision diagrams. Our experiments demonstrate that our contraction partition-based algorithm can greatly improve the efficiency of image computation for quantum transition systems. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Tensors

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