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In-memory computing to break the memory wall

Chinese Physics B 2020年第7期29卷 28-48页

作者： Xiaohe Huang Chunsen Liu Yu-Gang Jiang Peng Zhou State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System School of MicroelectronicsFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China School of Computer Science Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China

Facing the computing demands of Internet of things(IoT)and artificial intelligence(AI),the cost induced by moving the data between the central processing unit(CPU)and memory is the key problem and a chip featured with flexible structural unit,ultra-low power consumption,and huge parallelism will be ***-memory computing,a non-von Neumann architecture fusing memory units and computing units,can eliminate the data transfer time and energy consumption while performing massive parallel *** in-memory computing schemes modified from different memory technologies have shown orders of magnitude improvement in computing efficiency,making it be regarded as the ultimate computing *** we review the state-of-the-art memory device technologies potential for in-memory computing,summarize their versatile applications in neural network,stochastic generation,and hybrid precision digital computing,with promising solutions for unprecedented computing tasks,and also discuss the challenges of stability and integration for general in-memory computing.

关键词： in-memory computing non-volatile memory device technologies crossbar array

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An energy harvester combining a piezoelectric cantilever and a single degree of freedom elastic system

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2012年第7期13卷 526-537页

作者： Hong-yan WANG Xiao-biao SHAN Tan XIE State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001China College of Computer and Control Engineering Qiqihar UniversityQiqihar 161006China

This paper presents a type of vibration energy harvester combining a piezoelectric cantilever and a single degree of freedom (SDOF) elastic system. The main function of the additional SDOF elastic system is to magnify vibration displacement of the piezoelectric cantilever to improve the power output. A mathematical model of the energy harvester is developed based on Hamilton's principle and Rayleigh-Ritz method. Furthermore, the effects of the structural parameters of the SDOF elastic system on the electromechanical outputs of the energy harvester are analyzed numerically. The accuracy of the output performance in the numerical solution is identified from the finite element method (FEM). A good agreement is found between the numerical results and FEM results. The results show that the power output can be increased and the frequency bandwidth can be improved when the SDOF elastic system has a larger lumped mass and a smaller damping ratio. The numerical results also indicate that a matching load resistance under the short circuit resonance condition can obtain a higher current output, and so is more suitable for application to the piezoelectric energy harvester.

关键词： Piezoelectric cantilever Single degree of freedom elastic （SDOF） system Energy harvesting Finite element analysis（FEA）

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Spectral modulation of third-harmonic generation by molecular alignment and preformed plasma

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Chinese Physics B 2016年第8期25卷 196-199页

作者：李敏李安原何泊衢袁帅曾和平 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System (Ministry of Education)School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy East China Normal University

We demonstrate spectral modulation of third-harmonic generation from molecular alignment effects. The third harmonic spectrum is broadened or narrowed under different influences of cross-phase modulations originating from various molecular alignment revivals. Furthermore, the spectrum and spatial distribution of the generated third harmonic pulse change dramatically in the presence of a preformed plasma. Under the influence of a preformed plasma, a narrower third harmonic spectrum is observed, and the conical third-harmonic pulse increases while the axial part decreases. The investigation provides an effective method to modulate the spectral characteristic and spatial distribution of third-harmonic generation from intense femtosecond filament.

关键词： third-harmonic generation laser filament molecular alignment

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Electronics based on two-dimensional materials:Status and outlook

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Nano Research 2021年第6期14卷 1752-1767页

作者： Senfeng Zeng Zhaowu Tang Chunsen Liu Peng Zhou State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System School of MicroelectronicsFudan UniversityShanghai200433China School of Computer Science Fudan UniversityShanghai200433China

Since Moore’s law in the traditional semiconductor industry is facing shocks,More Moore and More than Moore are proposed as two paths to maintain the development of the semiconductor industry by adopting new architectures or new materials,in which the former is committed to the continued scaling of transistors for performance enhancement,and the latter pursues the realization of functional diversification of electronic ***-dimensional(2D)materials are supposed to play an important role in these two *** More Moore,the ultimate thin thickness and the dangling-bond-free surface of 2D channels offer excellent gate electrostatics while avoiding the degradation of carrier mobility at the same time,so that the transistors can be further scaled down for higher *** More than Moore,devices based on 2D materials can well meet the requirements of electronic systems for functional diversity,like that they can operate at high frequency,exhibit excellent sensitivity to the changes in the surroundings at room temperature,have good mechanical flexibility,and so *** this review,we present the application of 2D materials in More Moore and More than Moore domains of electronics,outlining their potential as a technological option for logic electronics,memory electronics,radio-frequency electronics,sensing electronics,and flexible electronics.

关键词： More Moore More Than Moore two-dimensional materials transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs)

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Dynamic data-sharing based user recruitment in mobile crowdsensing

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High Technology Letters 2019年第1期25卷 8-16页

作者： Chen Shuang Liu Min Sun Sheng Jiao Zhenzhen State Key Laboratory of Computer Architecture Institute of Computing TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Mobile crowdsensing(MCS) has become an emerging paradigm to solve urban sensing problems by leveraging the ubiquitous sensing capabilities of the crowd. One critical issue in MCS is how to recruit users to fulfill more sensing tasks with budget restriction, while sharing data among tasks can be a credible way to improve the efficiency. The data-sharing based user recruitment problem under budget constraint in a realistic scenario is studied, where multiple tasks require homogeneous data but have various spatio-temporal execution ranges, meanwhile users suffer from uncertain future positions. The problem is formulated in a manner of probability by predicting user mobility, then a dynamic user recruitment algorithm is proposed to solve it. In the algorithm a greedy-adding-and-substitution(GAS) heuristic is repeatedly implemented by updating user mobility prediction in each time slot to gradually achieve the final solution. Extensive simulations are conducted using a real-world taxi trace dataset, and the results demonstrate that the approach can fulfill more tasks than existing methods.

关键词： mobile crowdsensing(MCS) data sharing user recruitment mobility prediction dynamic decision

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Narrower atomic filter at 422.7 nm based on thermal Ca beam

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2014年第28期59卷 3543-3548页

作者： Zhichao Xu Xiaobo Xue Duo Pan Xiaogang Zhang Wei Zhuang Jingbiao Chen State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication System and Network School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science Peking University

So far, the only Ca magneto-optic atomic filters reported are based on a heated Ca cell, and the transmission spectrum obtained is double-peaked with 3 GHz effective passband limited by Doppler broadening. A magneto-optic atomic filter with single-peaked transmission spectrum of sub-Doppler bandwidth based on the thermal Ca atomic beam is firstly experimentally demonstrated. The fast Ca dipole transition(1S0–1P1) at 422.7 nm, which matches a strong solar Fraunhofer line, was utilized. A folded ninebeam traveling wave configuration is employed, and the maximum transmission efficiency is measured to be 7.3 %.A sub-Doppler transmission bandwidth of 590 MHz, much narrower than the 2.2 GHz Doppler width in the heated atomic cell, is obtained for the first time.

关键词：原子束过滤器纳米多普勒加宽钙传输效率原子滤波器多普勒宽度

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Design of in-network caching scheme in CCN based on grey relational analysis

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The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications 2014年第2期21卷 1-8页

作者： CUI Xian-dong HUANG Tao LIU Jiang LI Li CHEN Jian-ya LIU Yun-jie State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing Key Laboratory of Network System Architecture and Convergence Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Future Network Industry Innovation Center of China

In-network caching is one of the most important issues in content centric networking （CCN）, which may extremely influence the performance of the caching system. Although much work has been done for in-network caching scheme design in CCN, most of them have not addressed the multiple network attribute parameters jointly during caching algorithm design. Hence, to fill this gap, a new in-network caching based on grey relational analysis （GRA） is proposed. The authors firstly define two newly metric parameters named request influence degree （RID） and cache replacement rate, respectively. The RID indicates the importance of one node along the content delivery path from the view of the interest packets arriving The cache replacement rate is used to denote the caching load of the node. Then combining hops a request traveling from the users and the node traffic, four network attribute parameters are considered during the in-network caching algorithm design. Based on these four network parameters, a GRA based in-network caching algorithm is proposed, which can significantly improve the performance of CCN. Finally, extensive simulation based on ndnSIM is demonstrated that the GRA-based caching scheme can achieve the lower load in the source server and the less average hops than the existing the betweeness （Betw） scheme and the ALWAYS scheme.

关键词： CCN in-network caching request influence degree cache replacement rate grey relational analysis

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Fault Tolerance Mechanism in Chip Many-Core Processors

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2007年第S1期12卷 169-174页

作者：张磊韩银和李华伟李晓维 Key Laboratory of Computer System and Architecture Institute of Computing TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080China

As semiconductor technology advances, there will be billions of transistors on a single chip. Chip many-core processors are emerging to take advantage of these greater transistor densities to deliver greater performance. Effective fault tolerance techniques are essential to improve the yield of such complex chips. In this paper, a core-level redundancy scheme called N+M is proposed to improve N-core processors’ yield by providing M spare cores. In such architecture, topology is an important factor because it greatly affects the processors’ performance. The concept of logical topology and a topology reconfiguration problem are introduced, which is able to transparently provide target topology with lowest performance degradation as the presence of faulty cores on-chip. A row rippling and column stealing (RRCS) algorithm is also proposed. Results show that PRCS can give solutions with average 13.8% degradation with negligible computing time.

关键词： chip many-core processors yield fault tolerance reconfiguration network-on-chip

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A reconfigurable index FLASH memory tailored to seed-based genomic sequence comparison algorithms

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Journal of VLSI Signal Processing systems for Signal, Image, and Video Technology 2007年第3期48卷 255-269页

作者： Lavenier, D. Georges, G. Liu, X. IRISA/CNRS Campus de Beaulieu Rennes 35042 France Key Laboratory of Computer System and Architecture Institute of Computing Technology CAS Beijing China

Genomic sequence comparison algorithms represent the basic toolbox for processing large volume of DNA or protein sequences. They are involved both in the systematic scan of databases, mostly for detecting similarities with an unknown sequence, and in preliminary processing before advanced bioinformatics analysis. Due to the exponential growth of genomic data, new solutions are required to keep the computation time reasonable. This paper presents a specific hardware architecture to speed-up seed-based algorithms which are currently the most popular heuristics for detecting alignments. The architecture regroups FLASH and FPGA technologies on a common support, allowing a large amount of data to be rapidly accessed and quickly processed. Experiments on database search and intensive sequence comparison demonstrate a good cost/performance ratio compared to standard approaches. © 2007 Springer Science + Business Media, LLC.

关键词： Flash memory

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A New ETL Approach Based on Data Virtualization

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Journal of computer Science & Technology 2015年第2期30卷 311-323页

作者：郭树盛袁子牧孙傲冰岳强 State Key Laboratory of Computer System and Architecture Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China Cloud Computing Center Chinese Academy of Sciences Dongguan 523808 China

ETL （Extract-Transform-Load） usually includes three phases： extraction, transformation, and loading. In building data warehouse, it plays the role of data injection and is the most time-consuming activity. Thus it is necessary to improve the performance of ETL. In this paper, a new ETL approach, TEL （Transform-Extract-Load） is proposed. The TEL approach applies virtual tables to realize the transformation stage before extraction stage and loading stage, without data staging area or staging database which stores raw data extracted from each of the disparate source data systems. The TEL approach reduces the data transmission load, and improves the performance of query from access layers. Experimental results based on our proposed benchmarks show that the TEL approach is feasible and practical.

关键词： cloud computing big data ETL heterogeneous database data virtualization

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