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Intuitive User-Guided Portrait Image Editing with Asymmetric Conditional GAN

Computational Visual Media 2025年第2期11卷 361-379页

作者： Linlin Liu Qian Fu Fei Hou Ying He Interdisciplinary Graduate School Nanyang Technological University and Alibaba Group Singapore Singapore Data61 Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Sydney Australia Key Laboratory of System Software (CAS) and State Key Laboratory of Computer Science Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore Singapore

We propose PortraitACG, a novel framework for user-guided portrait image editing that leverages an asymmetric conditional generative adversarial network (GAN), which supports the fine-grained editing of geometries, colors, lights, and shadows using a single neural network model. Existing conditional GAN-based approaches usually feed the same conditional information into generators and discriminators, which is sub-optimal because these two modules are designed for different purposes. To facilitate flexible user-guided editing, we propose a novel asymmetric conditional GAN, where the generators take the transformed conditional inputs, such as edge maps, color palettes, sliders, and masks, that can be directly edited by the user, and the discriminators take the conditional inputs in a way that can guide controllable image generation more effectively. This allows image editing operations to be performed in a simpler and more intuitive manner. For example, the user can directly use a color palette to specify the desired colors of hair, skin, eyes, lips, and background and use a slider to blend colors. Moreover, users can edit the lights and shadows by modifying their corresponding masks.

关键词： Image color analysis Image edge detection Generative adversarial networks Generators Training Geometry Feature extraction Hair Feeds Image synthesis

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Reduced-Order Consensus Protocols with Pure Relative Output: Design, Existence, and Dual Results

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IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 2025年

作者： Ma, Yuwen Li, Xianwei Li, Shaoyuan Lin, Zongli Shanghai Jiao Tong University Department of Automation Shanghai200240 China State Key Laboratory of Submarine Geoscience China Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing Ministry of Education of China Shanghai200240 China University of Virginia Charles L. Brown Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering CharlottesvilleVA22904 United States

This paper studies reduced-order dynamic consensus protocols for homogeneous linear multi-agent systems using pure relative output information. By applying H∞ control theory, a separation principle-like method with an additional small-gain constraint is proposed for designing an (nx-nu)th order protocol, where nx and nu are the numbers of states and inputs of each agent, respectively. Existence conditions for the protocol are then systematically discussed from the graph, low gain and high gain perspectives, respectively. It is revealed that the protocol always exists and can be found by the proposed design method for three cases: 1) directed acyclic networks, 2) agents with all eigenvalues in the closed left-half complex plane and 3) agents of minimum phase. Another reduced-order protocol of (nx - ny)th order is further discussed through duality. Finally, a numerical example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Robust control

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Verification of Bit-Flip Attacks against Quantized Neural Networks

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Zhang, Yedi Huang, Lei Gao, Pengfei Song, Fu Sun, Jun Dong, Jin Song National University of Singapore Singapore ShanghaiTech University China ByteDance Inc China Key Laboratory of System Software Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Computer Science Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences China Singapore Management University Singapore University of Chinese Academy of Sciences China Nanjing Institute of Software Technology China National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore ShanghaiTech University Shanghai China ByteDance Inc Beijing China Key Laboratory of System Software Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Computer Science Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Singapore Management University Singapore Singapore

In the rapidly evolving landscape of neural network security, the resilience of neural networks against bit-flip attacks (i.e., an attacker maliciously flips an extremely small amount of bits within its parameter storage memory system to induce harmful behavior), has emerged as a relevant area of research. Existing studies suggest that quantization may serve as a viable defense against such attacks. Recognizing the documented susceptibility of real-valued neural networks to such attacks and the comparative robustness of quantized neural networks (QNNs), in this work, we introduce BFAVerifier, the first verification framework designed to formally verify the absence of bit-flip attacks or to identify all vulnerable parameters in a sound and rigorous manner. BFAVerifier comprises two integral components: an abstraction-based method and an MILP-based method. Specifically, we first conduct a reachability analysis with respect to symbolic parameters that represent the potential bit-flip attacks, based on a novel abstract domain with a sound guarantee. If the reachability analysis fails to prove the resilience of such attacks, then we encode this verification problem into an equivalent MILP problem which can be solved by off-the-shelf solvers. Therefore, BFAVerifier is sound, complete, and reasonably efficient. We conduct extensive experiments, which demonstrate its effectiveness and efficiency across various network architectures, quantization bit-widths, and adversary capabilities. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Neural networks

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A study on the fretting wear characteristic of Inconcel 718 alloys formed by selective laser melting(SLM)

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Wear 2025年

作者： Xu, Zhi-biao Lu, Hao-wen Zeng, Xin-yi Wang, Xiao-yi Wu, Hao Peng, Jin-fang Zhu, Min-hao College of Intelligent Manufacturing Guangzhou Maritime University Guangzhou510725 China School of Rail Transportation Wuyi University Jiangmen529020 China Guangdong Key Laboratory of Materials and Equipment in Harsh Marine Environment School of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering Guangzhou Maritime University Guangzhou510725 China State Key Laboratory of Rail Transit Vehicle System Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 610031 China Shandong Key Laboratory of Advanced Aluminum Materials and Technology Binzhou256606 China

The selective laser melting (SLM) technology has plays pivotal role in aerospace equipment, medical instrument, mold manufacturing and nuclear power industries due to its ability to rapidly fabricate intricate parts in recent *** methods like casting and forging often lead to Inconel 718 alloy parts with issues such as element segregation, coarse grain and structural simplicity. All such shortcomings are overcome by SLM technology, it's enabling to production Inconel 718 alloy parts with complex, fine grained and high density. Given the increasing reliance on SLM for creating Inconel 718 alloys, there is growing interest in the operational characteristics of these materials, including their mechanical, fatigue, and fretting wear properties. This study explores the fretting wear properties of Inconel 718 alloy produced by SLM, using an in-house designed fretting wear tester under various normal loads and displacement amplitudes. The coefficient of friction (COF) curve and friction force displacement (Ft-D) data during the fretting wear process were analyzed for a detailed dynamic responds. Additionally, the fretting wear damage and cross-section morphology were examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a three-dimensional profilometer (3D).The results show that the COF curve and Ft-D curve during the fretting wear process are greatly affected by the displacement amplitude and normal load. With the increase of normal load or the decrease of displacement amplitude, the fretting running state changes from the gross slip regime (GSR) to the mixed slip regime (MSR) and finally to the partial slip regime (PSR), and the most serious material damage occurs when the fretting state runs in the MSR. During the shift from the PSR to the MSR and the GSR, the fretting wear mechanism evolves from predominantly adhesive wear and abrasive wear to a dominance of fatigue wear and material delamination. The fretting wear damage of the material is influenced b

关键词： Fatigue damage

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Spatial-Temporal Constrained Aircraft Sequencing and Path Planning for Airport Ground Movement Problem 19th

Spatial-Temporal Constrained Aircraft Sequencing and Path P...

引用

19th CCF Conference on computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing, ChineseCSCW 2024

作者： Liu, Fengmei Sun, Jingzhe Zhu, Jie Zhao, Zheng Huang, Huimin School of Computer Science Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Nanjing210023 China The State Key Laboratory Chinese of Computer Architecture Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100864 China Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing210016 China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819623754

In order to effectively alleviate the congestion and delay of aircraft during peak hours in a large hub airport, the paper studies the cooperative scheduling and path planning for arrival and departure aircrafts. A cooperative aircraft scheduling and path planning model for the airport ground movement problem is established with multiple spatial and temporal constraints, such as the queue constraint, time difference constraint, corner constraint. It aims to minimize the average taxiing time for all aircrafts. A genetic algorithm with elite selection strategy (ESGA) is proposed for the problem under study. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively obtain the aircraft sequencing and path planning solutions, and significantly reduce the average taxiing time of the aircraft. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Motion planning

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Biomimetic Multi-UAV Swarm Exploration with U2U Communications Under Resource Constraints

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IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 2025年

作者： Huang, Yuanhao Wang, Hao Bai, Xuesong Cai, Xuan Yu, Haiyang Ren, Yilong Beihang University School of Transportation Science and Engineering Beijing100191 China State Key Lab of Intelligent Transportation System Beijing100191 China Dalian University of Technology School of Computer Science and Technology Dalian China Zhongguancun Laboratory Beijing100094 China

Existing multi-agent algorithms struggle with spatial coordination and require extensive prior environmental information for effective large-scale operation. This study introduces an innovative multi-UAV system that employs an evolutionary algorithm, reconceptualizing collaborative search tasks as a multi-objective cooperative challenge. Inspired by bacteria's stochastic exploration for pheromones, the algorithm utilizes pheromone concentration and gradient effects to enhance multi-source exploration's efficiency and robustness. A bespoke multi-UAV framework with UAV-to-UAV (U2U) communication was developed to implement and test the algorithm. Comprehensive experiments tested various chemotaxis strategies, guidance strengths, team sizes, and starting conditions, demonstrating the algorithm's consistent effectiveness in expansive terrains without relying on prior information. © 1967-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Stochastic systems

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Continual Reinforcement Learning for Digital Twin Synchronization Optimization

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2025年

作者： Tong, Haonan Chen, Mingzhe Zhao, Jun Hu, Ye Yang, Zhaohui Liu, Yuchen Yin, Changchuan The Beijing Key Laboratory of Network System Architecture and Convergence The Beijing Advanced Information Network Laboratory Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing China Singapore The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Frost Institute for Data Science and Computing University of Miami Coral GablesFL33146 United States The Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering University of Miami Coral GablesFL33146 United States The College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering Zhejiang University Zhejiang Hangzhou310027 China The Department of Computer Science North Carolina State University RaleighNC27695 United States The Beijing Key Laboratory of Network System Architecture and Convergence China The Beijing Advanced Information Network Laboratory Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing100876 China

This article investigates the adaptive resource allocation scheme for digital twin (DT) synchronization optimization over dynamic wireless networks. In our considered model, a base station (BS) continuously collects factory physical object state data from wireless devices to build a real-time virtual DT system for factory event analysis. Due to continuous data transmission, maintaining DT synchronization must use extensive wireless resources. To address this issue, a subset of devices is selected to transmit their sensing data, and resource block (RB) allocation is optimized. This problem is formulated as a constrained Markov process (CMDP) problem that minimizes the long-term mismatch between the physical and virtual systems. To solve this CMDP, we first transform the problem into a dual problem that refines RB constraint impacts on device scheduling strategies. We then propose a continual reinforcement learning (CRL) algorithm to solve the dual problem. The CRL algorithm learns a stable policy across historical experiences for quick adaptation to dynamics in physical states and network capacity. Simulation results show that the CRL can adapt quickly to network capacity changes and reduce normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) between physical and virtual states by up to 55.2%, using the same RB number as traditional methods. © 2025, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Markov processes

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Generation of Multi-Channel Co-axial Quasi-Perfect Vortex Electromagnetic Waves with Equal Divergence Radii Based on Aperture-Shared Metasurface

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IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 2025年

作者： Deng, Li Yang, Kaiqiao Yin, Kaiyue Chen, Jiawei Qu, Meijun Feng, Botao Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing Laboratory of Advanced Information Networks Beijing Key Laboratory of Network System Architecture and Convergence Beijing100876 China Southeast University Institute of Electromagnetic Space State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Wave Nanjing211189 China Communication University of China School of Information and Communication Engineering Beijing Beijing100024 China Shenzhen University College of Electronics and Information Engineering Shenzhen518060 China

Vortex electromagnetic (EM) waves hold significant promise for next-generation wireless communication applications. However, their practical deployment is hindered by varying divergence characteristics across vortex modes with different mode numbers. To overcome this challenge and enable true spatial multiplexing of orbital angular momentum (OAM) waves, a dual-polarized shared-aperture metasurface is proposed. By leveraging both polarization and OAM multiplexing, quasi-perfect vortex (QPV) EM waves with co-axial beams and equal divergence radii are successfully generated at microwave frequencies. Initially, the properties of quasi-perfect vortex waves in the microwave band are analyzed, followed by the design of a dual-polarized metasurface unit. This unit integrates parasitic damping-coupled patches based on the traditional Jerusalem cross structure, providing polarization-independent control and approximately 360° phase-tuning capability. Furthermore, simulations validate the effectiveness of the dual-polarized single-mode metasurface design. Based on this, the concept is extended to a 4-channel multiplexing metasurface, operating at 15 GHz and capable of generating QPV waves. Finally, experimental results from the fabricated metasurface demonstrate the generation of QPV waves with OAM mode numbers 0, +2, +1, and -1, achieving simulated and measured OAM mode purities of 0.835 and 0.70, respectively. The experimental data closely aligns with simulations, confirming the effectiveness of the design. This study offers new insights into generating and applying perfect vortex EM waves, paving the way for high-capacity near-field wireless communication systems and advanced control of novel EM physical dimensions. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Near field communication

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Aerodynamic reconstruction of wind turbines using terrestrial laser scanning: Methodology, validation, and error analysis

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Energy Conversion and Management 2025年 334卷

作者： Xie, Zhen Lin, Zhongwei Cai, Qinlin Chen, Zhenyu State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources School of Control and Computer Engineering North China Electric Power University Beijing102206 China China Huaneng Group Co. Ltd. Beijing100031 China

Aerodynamic performance analysis is essential for improving wind turbine efficiency and reliability, yet it is often constrained by the lack of aerodynamic models, either due to commercial confidentiality or the legacy turbine types. This study proposes a novel method for aerodynamic reconstruction of wind turbines using Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS). The method allows for efficiently capturing turbine geometry and aerodynamic properties without requiring blade disassembly. The specific procedures, including TLS-based data acquisition, data preprocessing, and blade parameterization, are outlined systematically to demonstrate the complete framework. A field implementation on a 2 MW commercial wind turbine proved its effectiveness, with validation against historical data and manufacturer-supplied performance curves showing strong consistency. Challenges such as blade twist variations and wind speed measurement inaccuracies are analyzed as potential error sources, and strategies for enhancing precision and reliability are provided. The proposed method offers a competitive, engineering-oriented solution for wind turbine aerodynamic reconstruction, laying a foundation for enhanced turbine design, operational efficiency, and long-term performance optimization. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Laser applications

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Laser Scribed CNTs/PEEK/TPU Composites Film for High-performance Stretchable Electrodes

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IEEE Sensors Journal 2025年第10期25卷 16666-16674页

作者： Jiang, Caiyun Tang, Lei Hou, Jian Ding, Guqiao Sheng, Bin University of Shanghai for Science and Technology College of Optical Electrical and Computer Engineering Shanghai200093 China Engineering Research Center of Optical Instruments and System Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems Shanghai200093 China Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology Shanghai200050 China

In this paper, an elastic composite material comprising carbon nanotubes (CNTs), polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK), and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) is presented, in which direct laser-induced graphitization was used to fabricate high-performance stretchable electrodes. The introduction of CNTs can enhance the conductivity and mechanical strength of the composites, thus improving the overall performance of the sensors. Flexible strain sensors with porous structures were prepared by appropriate encapsulation methods, which exhibited superior gauge factors of 72, 367, and 972 in the 0-30%, 30-44%, and 44-53% strain regions, respectively. Furthermore, it features a rapid response time (100 ms), excellent stability and durability, and is capable of detecting both large-scale human movement and monitoring of small physical signals. In addition, patterned laser-induced graphene interdigital electrodes (LIG-IDEs) were fabricated on composites using laser light. Highly sensitive humidity sensors were obtained using graphene oxide as the humidity-sensing material for respiratory monitoring and non-contact sensing. The thermoplastic properties of TPU allow the straight fiber to be thermoformed into highly stretchable helical electrode, which was of a helix index of 5 and with a high-quality factor (Q=130) at 1250% strain. In conclusion, the preparation of LIG on stretchable composite films by direct laser scribing shows a promising approach for large-scale fabrication of wearable devices. © 2001-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Humidity sensors

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