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Aerodynamic reconstruction of wind turbines using terrestrial laser scanning: Methodology, validation, and error analysis

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Energy Conversion and Management 2025年 334卷

作者： Xie, Zhen Lin, Zhongwei Cai, Qinlin Chen, Zhenyu State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources School of Control and Computer Engineering North China Electric Power University Beijing102206 China China Huaneng Group Co. Ltd. Beijing100031 China

Aerodynamic performance analysis is essential for improving wind turbine efficiency and reliability, yet it is often constrained by the lack of aerodynamic models, either due to commercial confidentiality or the legacy turbine types. This study proposes a novel method for aerodynamic reconstruction of wind turbines using Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS). The method allows for efficiently capturing turbine geometry and aerodynamic properties without requiring blade disassembly. The specific procedures, including TLS-based data acquisition, data preprocessing, and blade parameterization, are outlined systematically to demonstrate the complete framework. A field implementation on a 2 MW commercial wind turbine proved its effectiveness, with validation against historical data and manufacturer-supplied performance curves showing strong consistency. Challenges such as blade twist variations and wind speed measurement inaccuracies are analyzed as potential error sources, and strategies for enhancing precision and reliability are provided. The proposed method offers a competitive, engineering-oriented solution for wind turbine aerodynamic reconstruction, laying a foundation for enhanced turbine design, operational efficiency, and long-term performance optimization. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Laser applications

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On-Chip Generating FPGA Test Configuration Bitstreams to Reduce Manufacturing Test Time

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2016年第1期25卷 64-70页

作者： WANG Fei WANG Da YANG Haigang XIE Xianghui FAN Dongrui System on Programmable Chip Research Department IE CAS State Key Laboratory of Computer Architecture ICT CAS

Statistics shows that over 95% of FPGA manufacturing test time is spent on loading test configuration bitstreams. Reducing the test time that spent on loading test configuration bitstreams could significantly reduce FPGA test time. A new approach which can significantly reduce the FPGA test time is presented. Experimental results show that the proposed technique can at least reduce the configuration loading time by 96%, while getting 100%test coverage with less than 1.2% hardware overhead.

关键词： FPGA test Test configuration bitstream Design-for-testability

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Research on frequency modulation of thermal power units combined with compressed air energy storage based on model predictive control

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International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy systems 2025年 168卷

作者： Lv, You Sun, Hao Wu, Bin Shi, Yijun Fang, Fang State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources North China Electric Power University Changping District Beijing102206 China School of Control and Computer Engineering North China Electric Power University Changping District Beijing102206 China

Amidst China's pursuit of carbon peaking and neutrality targets, there is a pressing need to establish a novel power system that primarily relies on renewable energy sources (RES). To tackle the challenges this transition poses to the existing power grid, it is imperative to fortify the power system's frequency modulation capabilities, which in turn calls for the exploration of diverse energy storage solutions. This research introduces, simulates, and evaluates an innovative charge–discharge control methodology designed to augment the frequency modulation capabilities of the thermal power unit (TPU) through the integration of the compressed air energy storage (CAES) system. Firstly, by considering the dynamic characteristics and operational mechanism, fundamental transfer function models for TPU and the CAES system are established;based these models, the frequency modulation model of a two-area power grid incorporating TPU and CAES is presented. Subsequently, a power adaptive allocation strategy is formulated with nonlinear signal decomposition techniques, enabling adaptive power distribution between TPUs and CAES. Furthermore, a control strategy utilizing model predictive control (MPC) is proposed, taking into account the state of charge (SOC) of CAES, to refine the energy charge and discharge process. The effectiveness is tested under two scenarios: step disturbance and continuous disturbance. Compared to TPU-only frequency modulation, the presented strategy achieves remarkable outcomes: a 21.9 % reduction in maximum frequency deviation following step disturbances, a 52.2 % decrease in steady-state frequency deviation, and a 37.5 % mitigation of TPU output power fluctuations under continuous disturbances. The results underscore the significant potential of the proposed strategy in alleviating the frequency modulation burden on TPUs, thereby contributing to their secure and stable operation within the evolving power system landscape. © 2025 The Author(s)

关键词： Compressed air energy storage

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Negative-pressure soft pneumatic actuators enabled by asymmetrically distributed bending units

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Extreme Mechanics Letters 2025年 77卷

作者： Fu, Zeyu Chen, Tianyu Zou, Haoran Zhu, Zhiwei Deng, Zichen Wang, Yifan School of Mechanics Civil Engineering and Architecture Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an710072 China MIIT Key Laboratory of Dynamics and Control of Complex Systems Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an710072 China School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore 639798 Singapore State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and System Safety of Traffic Engineering Structures Shijiazhuang Tiedao University Shijiazhuang050043 China

Soft pneumatic actuators are highly flexible and can adapt to complex environments, attracting significant attention for their ability to operate in settings where rigid actuators cannot. Most existing soft pneumatic actuators are powered by positive pressure, which has the disadvantage of volume increase during operation and risk of exploding under large pressures. In this study, we designed a new type of soft actuator by inducing asymmetric bending deformation throughout a holey structure under negative pressure. Using finite element analysis and a theoretical model, we studied the effects of various geometric parameters on the structure's bending behavior. We found that the displacement of the circle's center from the central axis is a parameter with the most significant impact on the bending behavior of the structure. By designing circular holes with offset from the central axis, the structure can bend toward the offset direction during subsequent bending deformation. Based on this deformation mechanism, we designed a soft gripper that bends upon actuation and effectively picks up objects. We further designed a bi-directional gripper that bends towards both sides and a circular gripper that contracts towards the center upon evacuation to hold objects. These soft grippers’ grasping capabilities are validated by experimental tests. Finally, by arranging the holes in a wavy pattern within the structure, we created a crawling robot that moves forward through cyclic negative pressure actuation. These findings highlight the potential of leveraging bending behaviors in asymmetrically distributed holey structures for the development of negative-pressure driven soft actuators and robots. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Pneumatic actuators

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Applying system Thinking to Learn from Accident of Modern Automatic Control systems

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2025年第2期23卷 409-414页

作者： Ru Niu Yuan Cao Xiaocheng Ge Tao Tang State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing China School of Electronics and Information Engineering National Engineering Research Center of Rail Transportation Operation and Control System Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing China Department of Computer Science University of York York UK

Modern societies increasingly rely on automatic control systems. These systems are hardly pure technical systems; instead they are complex socio-technical systems, which consist of technical elements and social components. It is necessary to have a systematic approach to analyze these systems because it is growing evidence that accidents from these systems usually have complex causal factors which form an interconnected network of events, rather than a simple cause-effect chain. We take railway Train control systems (TCS) as an example to demonstrate the importance of the socio-technical approach to analyze the system. The paper presents an investigation of recent high-speed railway accident by applying STAMP - one of the most notable socio-technical system analysis techniques, outlines improvements to the system which could avoid similar accidents in the future. We also provide our valuable feedback for the use of STAMP.

关键词： Sociotechnical systems Analytical models systematics Railway accidents Transportation Medical services Rail transportation systems thinking Research and development Accidents

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Data-Driven Learning and Control with Event-Triggered Measurements

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IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 2025年

作者： Feng, Shilun Shi, Dawei Chen, Tongwen Shi, Ling Beijing Institute of Technology State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Decision of Complex Systems MIIT Key Laboratory of Servo Motion System Drive and Control School of Automation Beijing100081 China University of Alberta Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering EdmontonABT6G 1H9 Canada Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong

Event-triggered control has attracted considerable attention for its effectiveness in resource-restricted applications. To make event-triggered control as an end-to-end solution, a key issue is how to effectively learn unknown system dynamics from event-triggered measurements and consequently, develop a learning-based event-triggered controller. Existing works learn system dynamics based on periodic time-triggered measurements, and it is yet to know how to learn a controller with performance guarantee based on event-triggered measurements. To address this issue, we consider the problem of learning an event-triggered state feedback controller for an unknown linear system based on event-triggered state measurements in this work. In particular, we first analyze the event-triggered measurements within a set-membership framework. We prove that the estimation error belongs to a bounded ellipsoid determined by the historical measurements and the event-triggering condition. Subsequently, we demonstrate that all admissible systems compatible with the collected data samples can be explicitly represented in the form of quadratic matrix inequalities using the state estimates. With the acquired set of admissible systems, a co-design problem for the data-driven controller and event-triggering condition is solved using the linear matrix inequality technique, with guaranteed closed-loop stability and L2-gain performance. Finally, numerical examples and comparisons are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed event-triggered learning and control approach. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Networked control systems

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Microwave-based continuous variable quantum teleportation in open air

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Physica Scripta 2025年第5期100卷

作者： Wang, Wanyi Zhou, Tianai Xu, Gang Chen, Xiu-Bo Guo, Ying Information Security Center State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing100876 China School of Information Science and Technology North China University of Technology Beijing100144 China Advanced Cryptography and System Security Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu610025 China School of Computer Science Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing100876 China

Quantum teleportation has achieved significant progress in the optical frequency domain but faces persistent challenges, including high transmission losses and limited transmittance. In contrast, the microwave frequency domain offers distinct advantages, such as reduced absorption losses, lower energy consumption, and compatibility with superconducting quantum technologies. To overcome the limitations of optical quantum teleportation, this study presents a microwave-based continuous-variable quantum teleportation (CVQT) scheme designed for open-air environments at room temperature. The proposed approach employs microwave two-mode squeezed states, with entanglement enhanced through quantum scissors operations to mitigate environmental degradation. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the maximum transmission distance of microwave entangled states for CVQT is about 200 m at room temperature. The results also indicate that the microwave CVQT scheme achieves lower attenuation and higher fidelity over short distances compared to optical frequency CVQT under similar weather conditions. Moreover, microwave quantum states exhibit reduced sensitivity to weather-induced variations, highlighting their robustness and practicality for open-air quantum communication applications. © 2025 IOP Publishing Ltd. All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.

关键词： Quantum entanglement

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AdvSwap: Covert Adversarial Perturbation with High Frequency Info-swapping for Autonomous Driving Perception

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2025年

作者： Huang, Yuanhao Zhang, Qinfan Xing, Jiandong Cheng, Mengyue Yu, Haiyang Ren, Yilong Xiong, Xiao School of Transportation Science and Engineering Beihang University Beijing100191 China State Key Lab of Intelligent Transportation System Beijing100191 China Zhongguancun Laboratory Beijing100094 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Alberta Edmonton Canada

Perception module of Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are increasingly susceptible to be attacked, which exploit vulnerabilities in neural networks through adversarial inputs, thereby compromising the AI safety. Some researches focus on creating covert adversarial samples, but existing global noise techniques are detectable and difficult to deceive the human visual system. This paper introduces a novel adversarial attack method, AdvSwap, which creatively utilizes wavelet-based high-frequency information swapping to generate covert adversarial samples and fool the camera. AdvSwap employs invertible neural network for selective high-frequency information swapping, preserving both forward propagation and data integrity. The scheme effectively removes the original label data and incorporates the guidance image data, producing concealed and robust adversarial samples. Experimental evaluations and comparisons on the GTSRB and nuScenes datasets demonstrate that AdvSwap can make concealed attacks on common traffic targets. The generates adversarial samples are also difficult to perceive by humans and algorithms. Meanwhile, the method has strong attacking robustness and attacking transferability. © 2025, CC BY-NC-ND.

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A wolf in sheep's clothing: practical black-box adversarial attacks for evading learning-based windows malware detection in the wild 24

A wolf in sheep's clothing: practical black-box adversarial ...

引用

Proceedings of the 33rd USENIX Conference on Security Symposium

作者： Xiang Ling Zhiyu Wu Bin Wang Wei Deng Jingzheng Wu Shouling Ji Tianyue Luo Yanjun Wu Intelligent Software Research Center Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences and Key Laboratory of System Software (Chinese Academy of Sciences) and State Key Laboratory of Computer Science Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences Zhejiang University Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) Network and Data Security and Hangzhou Research Institute Xidian University Intelligent Software Research Center Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences

ISBN: (纸本)9781939133441

Given the remarkable achievements of existing learning-based malware detection in both academia and industry, this paper presents MalGuise, a practical black-box adversarial attack framework that evaluates the security risks of existing learning-based Windows malware detection systems under the black-box setting. MalGuise first employs a novel semantics-preserving transformation of call-based redividing to concurrently manipulate both nodes and edges of malware's control-flow graph, making it less noticeable. By employing a Monte-Carlo-tree-search-based optimization, MalGuise then searches for an optimized sequence of call-based redividing transformations to apply to the input Windows malware for evasions. Finally, it reconstructs the adversarial malware file based on the optimized transformation sequence while adhering to Windows executable format constraints, thereby maintaining the same semantics as the original. MalGuise is systematically evaluated against three state-of-the-art learning-based Windows malware detection systems under the black-box setting. Evaluation results demonstrate that MalGuise achieves a remarkably high attack success rate, mostly exceeding 95%, with over 91% of the generated adversarial malware files maintaining the same semantics. Furthermore, MalGuise achieves up to a 74.97% attack success rate against five anti-virus products, highlighting potential tangible security concerns to real-world users.

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An Image Semantic Communication system Based on GAN and Relative Position-Encoding

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IEEE Communications Letters 2025年

作者： Zhang, Ziqi Tan, Weijie Li, Chunguo Guizhou University College of Big Data and Information Engineering Guiyang550025 China Guizhou University State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data College of Computer Science and Technology Guiyang550025 China Advanced Cryptography and System Security Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu610025 China Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Laboratory of Cryptography Application Technology Innovation and Testing Verification Beijing100015 China Southeast University School of Information Science and Engineering Nanjing210096 China

In image semantic communication, the complex wireless channel environment leads to the loss of image details and performance degradation during transmission. To address this issue, we propose an image semantic communication system based on Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) and Relative Position-Encoding (RPE), named GAN-RpeSC. Specifically, in the system design, we introduce the GAN network at the output of the semantic communication framework to enhance the image restoration. We integrate the RPE module into the Visual Transformer (ViT) module, adding the RPE module to its Multihead Self Attention (MHSA), so that the model can better capture the spatial location information of the image. Experimental results show that the proposed GAN-RpeSC has significant advantages in improving image transmission quality, with a 0.3 dB improvement in peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) compared to the ViT module alone. © 1997-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Encoding (symbols)

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