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Dual Role of Pulmonary Surfactant Corona in Modulating Carbon Nanotube Toxicity and Benzo[A]Pyrene Bioaccessibility

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Luo, Zhen Xu, Dongfang Xu, Yan Zhao, Jian Hu, Guoqing Yue, Tongtao Department of Engineering Mechanics State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System Ocean University of China Qingdao266100 China College of Electronic Engineering and Automation Shandong University of Science and Technology Qingdao266590 China

Inhaled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can deposit in the deep lung, where they interact with pulmonary surfactant (PS) to form coronas, potentially altering the fate and toxicity profile of CNTs. However, the presence of other contaminants in combination with CNTs may affect these interactions. In this study, we investigated the effects of coexisting contaminants, specifically benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), on the interaction between CNTs and PS. We used passive dosing and fluorescence-based techniques to demonstrate that PS increases the solubility of BaP pre-adsorbed on CNTs. Subsequently, molecular dynamics simulations were performed to gain insight into the intricate interactions between CNTs, BaP, and PS. Our results suggest that the PS corona plays a dual role in modulating the toxicity of CNTs. First, it mitigates toxicity by reducing the hydrophobicity and apparent aspect ratio of CNTs. Second, it exacerbates toxicity due to energetically dominant PS-BaP interactions, which increase the solubility and thus bioaccessibility of BaPs. Importantly, these interactions are strongly influenced by the size and aggregation state of the CNTs. Our findings highlight the need to consider the bioaccessibility of coexisting contaminants when assessing the inhalation toxicity of PS-modified CNTs. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Toxicity

Large-Scale Multi-Object Rearrangement

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Large-Scale Multi-Object Rearrangement

IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)

作者： Huang, Eric Jia, Zhenzhong Mason, Matthew T. State Grid Liaoning Electric Power Co Ltd Shenyang China Key Laboratory of Modern Power System Simulation and Control & Renewable Energy Technology Ministry of Education Northeast Electric Power University Jilin China

ISBN: (纸本)9781538660263

This paper describes a new robotic tabletop rearrangement system, and presents experimental results. The tasks involve rearranging as many as 30 to 100 blocks, sometimes packed with a density of up to 40%. The high packing factor forces the system to push several objects at a time, making accurate simulation difficult, if not impossible. Nonetheless, the system achieves goals specifying the pose of every object, with an average precision of +/- 1 mm and +/- 2 degrees. The system searches through policy rollouts of simulated pushing actions, using an Iterated Local Search technique to escape local minima. In real world execution, the system executes just one action from a policy, then uses a vision system to update the estimated task state, and replans. The system accepts a fully general description of task goals, which means it can solve the singulation and separation problems addressed in prior work, but can also solve sorting problems and spell out words, among other things. The paper includes examples of several solved problems, statistical analysis of the system's behavior on different types of problems, and some discussion of limitations, insights, and future work.

关键词： Planning Task analysis Grasping Robots Annealing Trajectory Markov processes

Cufe2o4@Ncnts-Functionalized Ceramic Microfiltration Membrane for Antibiotic Oxidation and Fouling control Via Heterogeneous Electro-Fenton Reaction

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Zhang, Zixin Huang, Guohe Li, Yongping Yao, Yao Zhang, Peng Chen, Xiujuan Ren, Shaojie Luo, Yifei Zhang, Yuanzheng State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing100875 China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control China-Canada Center for Energy Environment and Ecology Research UR-BNU School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing100875 China Environmental Systems Engineering Program University of Regina ReginaSKS4S 0A2 Canada Institute for Energy Environment and Sustainable Communities University of Regina ReginaS4S 0A2 Canada Department of Civil Engineering The University of Texas at Arlington ArlingtonTX United States Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shandong University Qingdao266237 China College of Environmental Science and Engineering North China Electric Power University Beijing102206 China

Herein, we reported an electrocatalytic ceramic microfiltration membrane functionalized with CuFe2O4 nanoparticles supported by nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (NCNTs). The synergistic catalysis between Fe and Cu induced a continuous ·OH generation. The active Fe(II) and Cu(I) sites decomposed the in-situ generated H2O2 into ·OH. The electron transfer from the external circuit and Cu(I) to Fe(III) drove the regeneration of Fe(II). The interfacial electron transfer from CuFe2O4 to NCNTs decreased the electron density of Fe and Cu, thus facilitating the redox cycles of Fe(III)/Fe(II) and Cu(II)/Cu(I). Furthermore, the Fe and Cu sites at the interface of CuFe2O4 and NCNTs displayed a superior ability to non-interface sites in producing ·OH. At near-neutral pH, the electrocatalytic membrane delivered excellent tetracycline removal kinetics (0.0134 min-1) and significantly alleviated the organic fouling occurring on the membrane. These findings shed new light on the development of new-generation membranes with catalytic oxidation capabilities for water treatment. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Antibiotics

Neutral Current Suppression for a Common Mode Decoupling Three-phase Transformerless Converter

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Neutral Current Suppression for a Common Mode Decoupling Thr...

IEEE Conference on Energy Internet and Energy system Integration (EI2)

作者： Xuan Cui Shan Xu Lei Wang Xinfang Zhang Baifu Zhang Shanxi Key Laboratory of Power System Operation and Control Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan China Information and Communication Branch of Hebei Electric Power Co. Ltd. State Grid Corporation Shijiazhuang China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665434263

An independently controlled neutral module (ICNM) can be adopted in common mode decoupling three-phase transformerless AC-DC converter. When the load is unbalanced, the neutral line can provide a path for the zero sequence current. The initial control goal of ICNM is to stabilize the neutral voltage. Due to the phase jump of [−180] ° at the resonant frequency of the neutral inductance in the system loop gain and the split DC bus capacitor, the system may be unstable. In order to ensure system stability, inductive current feedback scheme (ICFS) can be adopted. Firstly, the equivalent circuit and basic control method of ICNM are proposed in this paper. Then, the stability of the original control is analyzed. Finally, an ICFS method to improve system stability is proposed..

关键词： Inductance Capacitors Resonant frequency system integration Transformers Stability analysis Circuit stability

Experimental study on grounding mode of secondary cable shielding layer of uhv converter station 11

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Experimental study on grounding mode of secondary cable shie...

11th Asia-Pacific International Conference on Lightning, APL 2019

作者： Zhang, Zhaohua Shi, Weidong Kang, Peng Zhang, Bo Liu, Zhuoran Shi, Lei China Electric Power Research Institute Beijing China State Key Laboratory of Control and Simulation of Power System and Generation Equipment Tsinghua University Yinchuan China

ISBN: (纸本)9781728116952

Because of a lightning strike, short circuit fault, and switch operation, grounding grid will be impacted by high-frequency current, which makes the grounding grid appear uneven distribution of transient grounding potential, this kind of transient grounding potential rise will be coupled to the core wire through the outer surface of the cable and will invade the secondary system, which may have an impact on the normal operation of the secondary equipment and Endanger the safe and stable operation of substation or converter station. In addition, with the digitalization, electronization, and localization of the secondary equipment in the UHV converter station, a large number of precision secondary equipment used for protection, control and communication is placed in the high-voltage switching field of the converter station, which greatly increases the probability of interference with the secondary system of the UHV converter station. It is well known that using shielded cables and choosing correct grounding mode of the shielding layer is an important measure to improve the electromagnetic compatibility of converter stations. In this paper, based on a test method to research transient grounding potential rise in converter station, the transient overvoltage of multi-segment secondary cables and their shielding layer with different grounding modes are measured in the field of an AC filter in a UHV converter station. The test results show that the grounding of the shielding layer between the first and the last sections is the key to suppress transient overvoltage for the multi-segment control cable. The best grounding method is to increase the shielding layer and armor layer of the control cable between the on-site control cabinet to be grounded at the single end of the B-phase on-site control cabinet based on the cable grounding mode. That is to say, the cable of the shielding layer and the armor layer between the on-site control cabinet should consider the grounding at

关键词： Electric grounding

Dynamic Reconfiguration of Distribution Network Based on Temporal Constrained Hierarchical Clustering and Fireworks Algorithm

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Dynamic Reconfiguration of Distribution Network Based on Tem...

2020 IEEE/IAS Industrial and Commercial power system Asia, I and CPS Asia 2020

作者： Zhang, Yumin Ji, Xingquan Xu, Jiabin Yin, Ziyang Han, Xueshan Zhang, Chao Shandong University of Science and Technology College of Electrical Engineering and Automation Qingdao China Dongying Power Supply Company State Grid Dongying China Shandong University Key Laboratory of Power System Intelligent Dispatch and Control of Ministry of Education Jinan China

ISBN: (纸本)9781728143033

For the dynamic reconfiguration problem of distribution networks, the handling of switching cost constraint and the division of time period are the two key aspects that affect the performance of the reconfiguration algorithm. In this paper, an improved temporal constrained hierarchical clustering algorithm for dynamic reconfiguration of distribution networks is proposed. Firstly, the improved hierarchical clustering approach considering the temporal constraint is used to divide the operating status of the distribution network into multiple time intervals according to the similarity of loads and the output power of distributed generations (DGs). The dynamic reconfiguration of distribution networks is then transformed into multiple single-stage static reconfiguration problems, and the cluster center is used to approximately represent the load state and DG output state of the period. In order to reduce the number of infeasible solutions and poor solutions, a coding method based on heuristic rules to reduce the solution space of distribution network reconfiguration is proposed. An improved fireworks algorithm based on heuristic rules is proposed to solve the reconfiguration problem. Finally, a modified IEEE-33 test system is used to verify the validity of the proposed method. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Clustering algorithms

Reconstructing the Nanoscale Porous Structures in Coal-Based Membranes by Ultrafast High-Temperature Sintering for Solar-Driven Water Treatment

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Liu, Chih-Chin Chen, Rong Wei, Yanzhuo Huang, Yang Zhang, Zhijun Zhao, Yixin Fu, Tairan Hu, Chuxiong Huang, Xia Zang, Xining Department of Mechanical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology Ministry of Education Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Department of Thermal Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering China University of Mining and Technology Beijing100083 China Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering Ministry of Education China Beijing Key Laboratory for Precise Mining of Inter grown Energy and Resources China

Lignite, a low-grade coal, accounts for over 40% of the global coal reserves. The use of lignite has been limited compared to other grades due to its low calorific value, high impurities content, and elevated volatile matter. Exploring a scalable and environment-friendly approach to upgrade lignite will offer new opportunities. In this work, Ultrafast High-Temperature Carbonization (UHC) has been developed to carbonize lignite and modify its nanoscale structure to construct a conductive porous membrane. The whole process takes only 30 s with an ultrafast heating rate exceeding 2400°C/min and a maximum temperature over 1500°C. Upon heating the pore structures in the coal membrane evolves into micro- and mesopores with a specific surface area of over 300 m2/g. The carbonized coal-based membrane provides superior performance as a solar evaporator for water treatment, due to its interconnected porous structures, hydrophilicity, and over 85% absorption of full-band visible light. Under 1 sun solar irradiation, the membrane shows over 98.2% removal rate of salts, heavy metal ions, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Metal ions

Optimizing Photocatalytic Performance in an Electrostatic-Photocatalytic Air Purification system Through Integration of Triboelectric Nanogenerator and Tesla Valve

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Li, Xiaoliang Cao, Leo N.Y. Zhang, Ting Fang, Rongkun Ren, Yuqing Chen, Xiangyu Bian, Zhenfeng Li, Hexing MOE Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials Shanghai Normal University Shanghai China CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100083 China School of Nanoscience and Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture Beijing100044 China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai200092 China Shanghai University of Electric Power Shanghai China

Increasing the collision frequency between gas molecules and photocatalysts can enhance the removal efficiency of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and particulate matter (PM) in air. In this study, we propose an Electrostatic-Photocatalytic air purification system, containing Tesla valve, triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), and photocatalysis parts. The incorporation of Ag@ZnO nanorod array (Ag@ZnO-NR) photocatalysts into the internal baffles of the Tesla valve pipeline effectively enhances the collision probability between air pollutant molecules and photocatalysts, and thus facilitating the removal efficiency of pollutants. Additionally, the high-voltage electricity (~9.0 kV) generated by the TENG facilitates the separation of electron-hole pairs in the photocatalyst, leading to increased production of superoxide radicals (O·-2), hydroxyl radicals (·OH), and holes (h+), thereby enhancing the photocatalytic efficiency. In a 1.8 L space system, we achieved an approximately 97% removal efficiency for toluene within 130 minutes and a similar efficiency for formaldehyde (~200 ppm) within 175 minutes. Additionally, the PM2.5 concentration rapidly decreased from 999 μg·m-3 to 42 μg·m-3 within 6 minutes, alongside with a significantly faster pollutant removal rate compared to conventional methods. By integrating Tesla valves, TENG, and photocatalysis, this combined system presents an efficient and promising approach for addressing indoor air pollution, with potential applications across various settings. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Photocatalysis

Research on the HVDC Operation Mode with Defective On-Load Tap-Changer

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Research on the HVDC Operation Mode with Defective On-Load T...

HVDC (HVDC), International Conference on

作者： Liu Cui Xuehua Lin Deyang Chen Libin Huang Qi Guo Shuyong Li State Key Laboratory of HVDC Electric Power Research Institute China Southern Power Grid GuangZhou China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Operation and Control for New Energy Power System GuangZhou China CSG Key Laboratory for Power System Simulation Electric Power Research Institute China Southern Power Grid GuangZhou China

ISBN: (数字)9781728175935

ISBN: (纸本)9781728175942

The on-load tap changer(OLTC) is used in HVDC system to make sure the AC voltage or firing angle in an appropriate range. In recent years, after a number of onload tap-changer failures, many OLTCs of the same type were checked, and it was found that due to cracks and other conditions, the remaining action times of some still-operable OLTCs were far less than the theoretical action times. Due to production cycle and other reasons, defective components cannot be replaced in time. This requires that the DC system should be operated with a defective OLTCs. This article proposes several temporary operation measures: extend the interval between OLTC actions, adjust the OLTC control mode to Udi0, and avoid 70% voltage drop restart conditions. Using these temporary operation measures can effectively reduce the number of OLTC actions and extend its life, while ensuring the safe operation of the HVDC system. simulation analysis proves the effectiveness of the scheme. This scheme has been implemented at the actual HVDC project site.

关键词： HVDC transmission power systems power grids Firing Monitoring Voltage control Valves