This study compares the degradation of diethyl phthalate (DEP) by the electro-peroxone (E-peroxone) process with three different carbon-based cathodes, namely, carbon-polytetrafluorethylene (carbon-PTFE), carbon felt,...
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This study compares the degradation of diethyl phthalate (DEP) by the electro-peroxone (E-peroxone) process with three different carbon-based cathodes, namely, carbon-polytetrafluorethylene (carbon-PTFE), carbon felt, and reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC). Results show that the three cathodes had different electrocatalytic activity for converting sparged O2 to H2O2, which increased in order of carbon felt, RVC, and carbon-PTFE. The in-situ generated H2O2 then reacts with sparged O3 to yield OH, which can in turn oxidize ozone-refractory DEP toward complete mineralization. In general, satisfactory total organic carbon removal yields (76.4-91.8%) could be obtained after 60min of the E-peroxone treatment with the three carbon-based cathodes, and the highest yield was obtained with the carbon-PTFE cathode due to its highest activity for H2O2 generation. In addition, the carbon-PTFE and carbon felt cathodes exhibited excellent stability over six cycles of the E-peroxone treatment of DEP solutions. Based on the intermediates (e.g., monoethyl phthalate, phthalic acid, phenolics, and carboxylic acids) identified by HPLC-UV, plausible reaction pathways were proposed for DEP mineralization by the E-peroxone process. The results of this study indicate that carbon-based cathodes generally have good electrocatalytic activity and stability for application in extended E-peroxone operations to effectively remove phthalates from water.
A novel protection scheme for two-phase faults in power distribution system with neutral ungrounded is presented. The feasibility of tripping single-phase circuit when a phase-tophase or two-phase-to-ground fault occu...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781849198349
A novel protection scheme for two-phase faults in power distribution system with neutral ungrounded is presented. The feasibility of tripping single-phase circuit when a phase-tophase or two-phase-to-ground fault occurs is studied with induction motor loads as the focus. The paper at first analyses the effect of a induction motor runs with one phase cut off theoretically. And then a real power distribution system model with 110kV, 35kV and 6kV voltage levels is built in PSCAD/EMTDC. Three feasibility criteria are proposed for motors in continuous operation with single-phase opened. At last, the novel protection scheme is testified in simulation with protection time and reclosing time as variables respectively. The results verify that the scheme is feasible and power supply reliability is improved.
Fan mill is an important device in thermal plants, which supply coal power to boiler. Crack failures recently occurred in pulverizing wheels of fan mills in a power plant in China. The cracks happens in quite a few pu...
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Fan mill is an important device in thermal plants, which supply coal power to boiler. Crack failures recently occurred in pulverizing wheels of fan mills in a power plant in China. The cracks happens in quite a few pulverizing wheels and they affect the normal operation. To find out the root cause of the cracks, Finite Element Analysis (FEA) of the pulverizing wheel is carried out in this work. The assembly with real dimensions is modelled to calculate the concentrated stress and strain with centrifugal load, driving load, and operational temperature taken into account. Contact effects are included in the finite element model as well as nonlinear material property. Based on the analysis, the crack causes are determined: (i) the initial stress exceeds the yield limit in normal operational condition, resulting low safety coefficient;(ii) the stress increases significantly in the worn pulverizing wheel, where the risk of failure is greatly increased.
For PD pattern recognition, six kinds of typical cable fault models are made and tested. Characteristics are calculated from test data. Multiple statistical characteristics of PD distribution map are calculated and pa...
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It is very difficult to correctly identify single-phase-to-ground fault (SFG) in distribution system with neutral non-effectively grounded (NNG). A novel travelling wave based singlephase-to-ground protection is propo...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781849198349
It is very difficult to correctly identify single-phase-to-ground fault (SFG) in distribution system with neutral non-effectively grounded (NNG). A novel travelling wave based singlephase-to-ground protection is proposed in the paper. The polarity of initial transient current and voltage travelling waves are used to identify the fault direction, and power frequency voltages are used to distinguish SFG from phaseto- phase fault to ensure the reliability of the protection. In the paper, wavelet transforms and module maxima theory was adopted to represent the polarity of travelling waves effectively and construct protection algorithm,. The analysis and simulation demonstrate that the protection is valid.
For the simulation of large-scale AC/DC hybrid systems, both the precision of the DC parts and the efficiency of the whole system should be considered. Thus a real-time hybrid transient simulation platform is proposed...
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For the simulation of large-scale AC/DC hybrid systems, both the precision of the DC parts and the efficiency of the whole system should be considered. Thus a real-time hybrid transient simulation platform is proposed by combining the real-time digital simulator (RTDS) and a transient stability analysis (TSA) program. A latest GTFPGA card is used to realize the high speed digital communication between RTDS and the computer deploying TSA program. Moreover, the frequency dependent network equivalent (FDNE) is implemented in this simulation platform to improve the accuracy of simulation results. By simulating a modified New England 39-bus test system incorporating high-voltage direct current (HVDC) components, the validity of the proposed simulation platform is verified.
With the ever-increasing size of the power grid and the large-scale integration of stochastic renewable energy, the conventional active power dispatch method has become inapplicable. Therefore, a model predictive cont...
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Look-ahead generation dispatch is a critical measurement to accommodate large-scale integration of wind powergeneration. In real application, the model for conventional generators should involve generation regulation...
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Look-ahead generation dispatch is a critical measurement to accommodate large-scale integration of wind powergeneration. In real application, the model for conventional generators should involve generation regulation constraints including regulation frequency constraints and discrete output constraints. Look-ahead generation dispatch with regulation constraints is a large-scale nonlinear mixed-integer programming problem, and it could be hardly solved strictly within acceptable time. An efficient three-stage method for solving this problem is developed, together with a forward-backward-pass dynamic programming approach for handling generation regulation constraints. Numerical tests are taken on IEEE 31-bus systems and a large-scale 264-bus power system to verify the high efficiency and practicability of the proposed method.
With large-scale electric vehicles (EVs) integrated into the power system, how to optimize EV charging power in real time to avoid incremental peak load and achieve valley-filling will be important. The regular real-t...
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Energy management system (EMS), known as the brain of power grid, utilizes information flow to control energy flow so as to keep power grid operation efficient and secure. Conventionally, the EMS is a centralized one ...
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