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Quantitative Analysis of the Feedback Induced by the Freshwater Flux in the Tropical Pacific Using CMIP5

Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2015年第10期32卷 1341-1353页

作者： ZHI Hai ZHANG Rong-Hua LIN Pengfei WANG Lanning The Earth System Modeling Center and College of Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences College of Global Change and Earth System Science Beijing Normal University

Freshwater flux （FWF） directly affects sea surface salinity （SSS） and hence modulates sea surface temperature （SST） in the tropical Pacific. This paper quantifies a positive correlation between FWF and SST using observations and simulations of the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project （CMIP5） to analyze the interannual variability in the tropical Pacific. Comparisons among the displacements of FWF, SSS and SST interannual variabilities illustrate that a large FWF variability is located in the west-central equatorial Pacific, covarying with a large SSS variability, whereas a large SST variability is located in the eastern equatorial Pacific. Most CMIP5 models can reproduce the fact that FWF leads to positive feedback to SST through an SSS anomaly as observed. However, the difference in each model＇s performance results from different simulation capabilities of the CMIP5 models in the magnitudes and positions of the interannual variabilities, including the mixed layer depth and the buoyancy flux in the equatorial Pacific. SSS anomalies simulated from the CMIP5 multi-model are sensitive to FWF interannual anomalies, which can lead to differences in feedback to interannual SST variabilities. The relationships among the FWF, SSS and SST interannual variabilities can be derived using linear quantitative measures from observations and the CMIP5 multi-model simulations. A 1 mm d-1 FWF anomaly corresponds to an SSS anomaly of nearly 0.12 psu in the western tropical Pacific and a 0.11℃ SST anomaly in the eastern tropical Pacific.

关键词： feedback freshwater flux CMIP5 correlation

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LINKAGE BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND TWO TYPES OF El NI?O AND ITS POSSIBLE MECHANISMS

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Journal of Tropical Meteorology 2016年第2期22卷 172-181页

作者：董笛何金海李建平 State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029 China College of Earth Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049 China Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology Nanjing 210044 China College of Global Change and Earth System Science(GCESS) Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875 China Joint Center for Global Change Studies Beijing 100875 China

After compositing three representative ENSO indices,El Nio events have been divided into an eastern pattern(EP) and a central pattern(CP).By using EOF,correlation and composite analysis,the relationship and possible mechanisms between Indian Ocean Dipole(IOD) and two types of El Nio were *** events,originating from Indo-Pacific scale air-sea interaction,are composed of two modes,which are associated with EP and CP El Ni o *** IOD mode related to EP El Nio events(named as IOD1) is strongest at the depth of 50 to 150 m along the equatorial Indian ***,it shows a quasi-symmetric distribution,stronger in the south of the *** IOD mode associated with CP El Nio(named as IOD2) has strongest signal in tropical southern Indian Ocean *** terms of mechanisms,before EP El Nio peaks,anomalous Walker circulation produces strong anomalous easterlies in equatorial Indian Ocean,resulting in upwelling in the east,decreasing sea temperature there;a couple of anomalous anticyclones(stronger in the south) form off the Equator where warm water accumulates,and thus the IOD1 *** CP El Nio develops,anomalous Walker circulation is weaker and shifts its center to the west,therefore anomalous easterlies in equatorial Indian Ocean is less ***,the anticyclone south of Sumatra strengthens,and the southerlies east of it bring cold water from higher latitudes and northerlies west of it bring warm water from lower latitudes to the 15° to 25°S ***,there exists strong divergence in the east and convergence in the west part of tropical southern Indian Ocean,making sea temperature fall and rise ***,IOD2 lies farther south.

关键词： Indian Ocean Dipole two types of El Nio anomalous Walker circulation air-sea interaction sea temperature anomaly

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Relationships among the Monsoon-like Southwest Australian Circulation,the Southern Annular Mode, and Winter Rainfall over Southwest Western Australia

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2015年第8期32卷 1063-1076页

作者： FENG Juan LI Jianping Yun LI ZHU Jianlei XIE Fei College of Global Change and Earth System Science Beijing Normal University State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Joint Center for Global Change Studies Data Analytics CSIRO Digital Productivity Flagship Floreat6083 Western Australia Australia

This study examines the relationships among the monsoon-like southwest Australian circulation （SWAC）, the South- ern Annular Mode （SAM）, and southwest Western Australia winter rainfall （SWR）, based on observed rainfall, reanalysis datasets, and the results of numerical modeling. By decomposing the SWAC into two components using a linear model, i.e. the component related to SAM （RSAM） and the component unrelated to SAM （SWACI＊）, we find it is the SWACI＊ that shows a significant influence on SWR. Similarly, it is the component of SAM associated with SWAC that exhibits an impact on SWR, whereas the component unrelated to SAM. A similar result is obtained in terms of the circulation associated with SWAC and the SAM. These facts suggest the SAM plays an indirect role in influencing SWR, and raise the possibility that SWAC acts as a bridge between the SAM and SWR, by which the SAM passes its influences onto SWR. This is due to the fact that the variations of SWAC are closely linked to the thermal contrast between land and sea across the southern Indian Ocean and southwest Australia. By contrast, the SAM does not significantly relate to this thermal structure, particularly for the component unrelated to SWAC. The variations of surface sea temperature over the southern Indian Ocean contribute to the favored rainfall circulation patterns. This finding is supported by the numerical modeling results. The strong coupling between SWAC and SWR may be instrumental for understanding the interactions between SWR and the southern Indian Ocean, and provides another perspective in examining the variations in SWR.

关键词： monsoon-like Southwest Australian Circulation Southern Annular Mode southwest Western Australian winterrainfall

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Simulation of the Equatorially Asymmetric Mode of the Hadley Circulation in CMIP5 Models

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2015年第8期32卷 1129-1142页

作者： FENG Juan LI Jianping ZHU Jianlei LI Fei SUN Cheng College of Global Change and Earth System Science Beijing Normal University State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Joint Center for Global Change Studies Department of Lower Atmosphere Observation Research Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences

The tropical Hadley circulation （HC） plays an important role in influencing the climate in the tropics and extra-tropics. The realism of the climatological characteristics, spatial structure, and temporal evolution of the long-term variation of the principal mode of the annual mean HC （i.e., the equatorially asymmetric mode, EAM） was examined in model simulations from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 （CMIP5）. The results showed that all the models are moderately successful in capturing the HC＇s climatological features, including the spatial pattern, meridional extent, and intensity, but not the spatial or temporal variation of the EAM. The possible reasons for the poor simulation of the long-term variability of the EAM were explored. None of the models can successfully capture the differences in the warming rate between the tropical Southern Hemisphere （SH） and Northern Hemisphere （NH）, which is considered to be an important driver for the variation of the AM. Most of the models produce a faster warming in the NH than in the SH, which is the reverse of the observed trend. This leads to a reversed trend in the meridional gradient between the SH and NH, and contributes to the poor simulation of EAM variability. Thus, this aspect of the models should be improved to provide better simulations of the variability of the HC. This study suggests a possible reason for the poor simulation of the HC, which may be helpful for improving the skill of the CMIP5 models in the future.

关键词： tropical Hadley circulation equatorially asymmetric mode CMIP5 sea surface temperature

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Erratum to: Vol. 35 No. 1 Publisher’s Erratum

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2017年第2期35卷 466-467页

作者： Shuangyan He Mingxia He Jürgen Fischer Dongliang Yuan Peng Xu Tengfei Xu Xianping Yang Leonid Sokoletsky Xiaodao Wei Fang Shen Juhong Zou Maohua Guo Songxue Cui Wu Zhou Dalu Gao Guangzhen Jin Xianqing Lü Fuwen Qiu Wendong Fang Aijun Pan Jing Cha Shanwu Zhang Jiang Huang Tao Wang Yongzhou Cheng Xiaoyan Chen Zhaopu Liu Xiaohua Long Zhishuai Hou Haishen Wen Jifang Li Feng He Qun Liu Jinhuan Wang Biao Guan Qinglong Wang Md. Shahjahan Md. Farajul Kabir Kizar Ahmed Sumon Lipi Rani Bhowmik Harunur Rashid Shu Li Kefu Yu Jianxin Zhao Yuexing Feng Tianran Chen Shun Zhou Yichao Ren Christopher M. Pearce Shuanglin Dong Xiangli Tian Qinfeng Gao Fang Wang Liming Liu Rongbin Du Xiaoling Zhang Shichun Sun Song Feng Jianing Lin Song Sun Fang Zhang Zhipeng Zhang Xuexi Tang Haitian Tang Jingjing Song Jian Zhou Hongjun Liu Qixiang Wang Kuimei Qian Xia Liu Yuwei Chen Chengjun Sun Fenghua Jiang Wei Gao Xiaoyun Li Yanzhen Yu Xiaofei Yin Yong Wang Haibing Ding Zhongmin Sun Yongqiang Wang Pengcheng Yan Hui Guo Jianting Yao Jiro Tanaka Hiroshi Kawai Na Song Muyan Chen Tianxiang Gao Takashi Yanagimoto Xia Lu Sheng Luan Jie Kong Longyang Hu Yong Mao Shengping Zhong Yan Liu Weihong Zhao Caiyan Li Hui Miao Ocean Remote Sensing Institute Ocean University of China Qingdao China Institute for Space Sciences Freie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany Ocean College Zhejiang University Hangzhou China Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves (KLOCAW) Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao China Qingdao Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology Qingdao China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Qingdao China State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research East China Normal University Shanghai China National Satellite Ocean Application Service Beijing China Key Laboratory of Space Ocean Remote Sensing and Application SOA Beijing China Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography (Ocean University of China) Ministry of Education Qingdao China Key Lab of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling First Institute of Oceanography SOA Qingdao China Third Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Xiamen China State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China Fisheries College Ocean University of China Qingdao China Key Laboratory of Mariculture Ministry of Education Ocean University of China Qingdao China Department of Fisheries Management Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh Bangladesh Sado Marine Biological Station Faculty of Science Niigata University Sado Niigata Japan Department of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Wageningen University Wageningen University and Research Centre Amsterdam The Netherlands Science and Math Program Asian University for Women Chittagong Bangladesh Key laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences

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Synergistic Contribution of Precipitation Anomalies over Northwestern India and the South China Sea to High Temperature over the Yangtze River Valley

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2015年第9期32卷 1255-1265页

作者： LIU Ge WU Renguang SUN Shuqing WANG Huimei Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Institute of Space and Earth Information Science/Department of Geography and Resource Management/Shenzhen Research Institute Chinese University of Hong Kong Center for Monsoon System Research Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences

This study explores the characteristics of high temperature anomalies over eastern China and associated influencing factors using observations and model *** show that more long-duration（over 8 days） high temperature events occur over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Valley（YRV） than over the surrounding regions,and control most of the interannual variation of summer mean temperature in *** synergistic effect of summer precipitation over the South China Sea（SCS） region（18°–27°N,115°–124°E） and the northwestern India and Arabian Sea（IAS） region（18°–27°N,60°–80°E） contributes more significantly to the variation of summer YRV temperature,relative to the respective SCS or IAS precipitation *** precipitation（enhanced condensational heating） over the SCS region strengthens the western Pacific subtropical high（WPSH） and simultaneously weakens the westerly trough over the east coast of Asia,and accordingly results in associated high temperature anomalies over the YRV region through stimulating an East Asia–Pacific（EAP） *** precipitation over the IAS region further adjusts the variations of the WPSH and westerly trough,and eventually reinforces high temperature anomalies over the YRV ***,the condensational heating related to more IAS precipitation can adjust upper-tropospheric easterly anomalies over the YRV region by exciting a circumglobal teleconnection,inducing cold horizontal temperature advection and related anomalous descent,which is also conducive to the YRV high temperature *** reproduction of the above association in the model results indicates that the above results can be explained both statistically and dynamically.

关键词： high temperature events Yangtze River Valley precipitation ECHAM5

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Statistical downscaling model for late-winter rainfall over Southwest China

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Science China earth Sciences 2015年第7期58卷 1827-1839页

作者： RUAN ChengQing LI JianPing FENG Juan State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences College of Earth Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Global Change and Earth System Science Beijing Normal University Joint Center for Global Change Studies

A statistical downscaling model is built for the late-winter rainfall over Southwest China(SWC).A partial-correlation method is used for selecting *** results show that the selected factors for late-winter rainfall in SWC are sea level pressure in Western Europe(SNAO)and sea surface temperature in Western Pacific(WPT).SNAO is related to the southern pole of North Atlantic Oscillation(NAO)and excites Southern Eurasian teleconnection,which influences the development of the southern branch trough and the water vapor transport to *** indicates the variability of ENSO in the tropical Western *** excites Pacific-East Asia teleconnection and an anticyclone(cyclone)is formed in the southern part of China and suppresses(enhances)rainfall over SWC.A regression statistical downscaling model using SNAO and WPT shows good performance in fitting the variability of late-winter rainfall in the whole SWC region and every observation station,and the model also shows strong robustness in the independent *** statistical model can be used for downscaling output from seasonal forecast numerical models and improve the SWC late winter rainfall prediction in the future.

关键词： statistical downscaling Southwest China late-winter rainfall partial correlation

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Variability of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in FGOALS-g2

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2014年第1期31卷 95-109页

作者： HUANG Wenyu WANG Bin LI Lijuan DONG Li LIN Pengfei YU Yongqiang ZHOU Tianjun LIU Li XU Shiming XIA Kun PU Ye WANG Lu LIU Mimi SHEN Si HU Ning WANG Yong SUN Wenqi DONG Fang Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling Center for Earth System Science Tsinghua University State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling Center for Earth System Science Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084

The variability of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation （AMOC） in the pre-industrial control experiment of the Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land system model, Grid-point Version 2 （FGOALS-g2） was investigated using the model outputs with the most stable state in a 512-yr time window from the total 1500-yr period of the experiment. The period of AMOC in FGOALS-g2 is double peaked at 20 and 32 years according to the power spectrum, and 22 years according to an auto-correlation analysis, which shows very obvious decadal variability. Like many other coupled climate models, the decadal variability of AMOC in FGOALS-g2 is closely related to the convection that occurs in the Labrador Sea region. Deep convection in the Labrador Sea in FGOALS-g2 leads the AMOC maximum by 3-4 years. The contributions of thermal and haline effects to the variability of the convection in three different regions [the Labrador, Irminger and Greenland-Iceland- Norwegian （GIN） Seas] were analyzed for FGOALS-g2. The variability of convection in the Labrador and Irminger Seas is thermally dominant, while that in the colder GIN Seas can be mainly attributed to salinity changes due to the lower thermal expansion. By comparing the simulation results from FGOALS-g2 and 11 other models, it was found that AMOC variability can be attributed to salinity changes for longer periods （longer than 35 years） and to temperature changes for shorter periods.

关键词： AMOC decadal variability deep convection FGOALS-g2

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Evaluation of Snow Depth and Snow Cover Fraction Simulated by Two Versions of the Flexible Global Ocean–Atmosphere–Land system Model

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2014年第2期31卷 407-420页

作者： XIA Kun WANG Bin LI Lijuan SHEN Si HUANG Wenyu XU Shiming DONG Li LIU Li Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling Center of Earth System Sciences Tsinghua University State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences

Based on historical runs,one of the core experiments of the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project （CMIP5）,the snow depth （SD） and snow cover fraction （SCF） simulated by two versions of the Flexible Global OceanAtmosphere-Land system （FGOALS） model,Grid-point Version 2 （g2） and Spectral Version 2 （s2）,were validated against observational *** results revealed that the spatial pattern of SD and SCF over the Northern Hemisphere （NH） are simulated well by both models,except over the Tibetan Plateau,with the average spatial correlation coefficient over all months being around 0.7 and 0.8 for SD and SCF,*** the onset of snow accumulation is captured wellby the two models in terms of the annual cycle of SD and SCF,g2 overestimates SD/SCF over most mid-and high-latitude areas of the *** showed that g2 produces lower temperatures than s2 because it considers the indirect effects of aerosols in its atmospheric component,which is the primary driver for the SD/SCF difference between the two *** addition,both models simulate the significant decreasing trend of SCF well over （30°-70°N） in winter during the period ***,as g2 has a weak response to an increase in the concentration of CO2 and lower climate sensitivity,it presents weaker interannual variation compared to s2.

关键词： snow depth snow cover fraction FGOALS-s2 FGOALS-g2

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A Decadal Shift of Summer Surface Air Temperature over Northeast Asia around the Mid-1990s

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2014年第4期31卷 735-742页

作者： CHEN Wei LU Riyu State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Division of Earth Environmental System Pusan National University

This study identifies a decadal shift of summer surface air temperature （SAT） over Northeast Asia,including southeastern parts of Russia,Mongolia and northern China,around the *** results suggest that the SAT over the Northeast Asia experienced a significant warming after 1994 relative to that before *** decadal shift also extends to northern China,and leads to a warmer summer over Northeast China and North China after the *** decadal warming over Northeast Asia is found to concur with the enhancement of South China rainfall around the *** the one hand,both the Northeast Asian SAT and South China rainfall exhibit this mid-1990s decadal shift only in summer,but not in other *** the other hand,both the Northeast Asian SAT and South China rainfall exhibit this mid-1990s decadal shift not only in the summer seasonal mean,but also in each month of summer （June,July and August）.Furthermore,the decadal warming is found to result from an anticyclonic anomaly over Northeast Asia,which can be interpreted as the response to the increased precipitation over South China,according to previous numerical ***,we conclude that the warming shift of summer Northeast Asian SAT around the mid-1990s was a remote response to the increased precipitation over South China.

关键词： surface air temperature Northeast Asia decadal shift mid-1990s South China rainfall

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