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Molecular Oxygen-Assisted in Defect-Rich ZnO for Catalytic Depolymerization of Polyethylene Terephthalate

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Cao, Jingjing Lin, Yuheng Zhou, Tianpeng Wang, Wei Zhang, Quanxing Pan, Bingcai Jiang, Wei State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse National Engineering Research Center for Organic Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the Environment Nanjing University Nanjing210023 China Department of Chemistry Centre for Pharmacy University of Bergen Bergen5007 Norway

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) as the most production polyester plastics, its waste has a disruptive impact on the environment and ecosystem. Here, we report a catalytic depolymerization of PET into bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET) using molecule oxygen (O2)-assisted in defect-rich ZnO. At air, the PET conversion rate, the BHET yield, and the space-time yield are 3.5, 10.6 and 10.6 times higher than those in nitrogen, respectively. Combining structural characterization with the results of DFT calculations, we conclude that the (100) facet of defect-rich ZnO nanosheets conducive to formation of reactive oxygen species (*O2-) and Zn defect, promotes the PET breakage of the ester bond and thus complete the depolymerization processed. This approach demonstrates a sustainable route for PET depolymerization by molecule-assisted defect engineering. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Catalysis

Changes in selenium bioavailability in selenium-enriched paddy soils induced by different water management and organic amendments

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Science of the Total environment 2024年 957卷 177844页

作者： Gong, Haotian Zhai, Hui Wang, Yujian Pan, Lei Liu, Yumeng Zhang, Yunshu Shao, Huawei Tang, Guangmu Ge, Chunhui Xu, Wanli Wang, Min College of Ecology and Environment Xinjiang University Urumqi830046 China Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology of Education Ministry Xinjiang University Urumqi830046 China Institute of Soil and Fertilizer Agricultural Water Saving Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Urumqi830092 China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of Environment Nanjing University Nanjing210023 China

Combined effects of water management and agricultural organic waste return on selenium (Se) bioavailability and mechanisms in Se-enriched paddy soils remain unclear. We investigated the effects of continuous flooding (CF) and alternating wet and dry (AWD), two types (cotton straw biochar [BC] and sheep manure [SM]) and concentrations (10 and 50 g·kg−1) of organic amendments on soil Se bioavailability, bacterial community structure in naturally Se-enriched soils (1.69 mg·kg−1). Results showed that 10 g·kg−1 SM treatment was the most effective in increasing Se bioavailability, especially under AWD treatment, whereas BC treatment reduced it. Compared with CF treatment, AWD treatment increased the Se content of root surface iron plaque and rhizosphere affinity for Se, and promoted the conversion of soil weakly organic matter bound Se to soluble-Se and exchangeable-Se. BC and SM addition significantly altered soil solution Fe(II), dissolved organic carbon, and soil bacterial community structure and function, including sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (Thiobacillus) and Se-reducing bacteria (Pseudarthrobacter), under different water management regimes. Notably, these bacteria showed a significant correlation with bioavailable Se. The present study provides theoretical guidance for agronomic practices in Se-enriched paddy soils. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Iron removal (water treatment)

Single Viable Bioaerosol Particle Discerning Using Naked Eye Assisted with Laser Trapping and Microwaving

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Li, Xinyue Yao, Maosheng State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking University Beijing100871 China

Viable microbial aerosol detection remains a grant challenge. Here, we pioneered a new system that integrates laser trapping and microwave irradiation for online discerning of single viable microbial aerosol particle through naked eye. To test the system, three fungal species Aspergillus niger , Aspergillus oryzae , and Trichoderma harzianum and three non-biological particles such as MnO 2 , active carbon, and Fe 3 O 4 suspended and laser trapped in the air inside a house-made glass cube. When microwave irradiated, viable fungal spores, containing microwave energy absorbing molecules such as water, were observed to rapidly escape the trapping and even burst with abrupt morphology changes with a longer irradiation time. In contrast, those non-biological particles were shown to behave differently with little morphology change without the cell burst. For all particles tested, microwave irradiation resulted in particle movement within the trapping region, and a particle trapping was then re-established in a new location. Depending on particle type and irradiation time, light scattering properties also differ between biological and non-biological particles when irradiated. Terminating the microwave irradiation was observed to render the non-biological particles to return where they are being laser trapped. Using the developed system, we have demonstrated the viable microbial aerosol detection using naked eye by simply observing the morphology changes and cell burst upon the laser trapping and microwave irradiation. A portable version of the system was further developed and successfully tested for discerning viable cells from non-viable ones. Further efforts on this development could lead to a new generation of bioaerosol detection strategy. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Microwave irradiation

A 3d-Printed Platform Based on Functionalized Nanomagnetic Beads Coupling with a Personal Glucose Meter for On-Site Detection of Kanamycin in Water Samples

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Lei, Ting Yin, Chengyan Feng, Hui Lei, Xiangwen Antwi-Baah, Ruth Xu, Shuxia College of Ecology and Environment Chengdu University of Technology Chengdu610059 China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil & Water Pollution Chengdu University of Technology Chengdu610059 China

Kanamycin (Kana) is a widely used antibiotic for the treatment of bacterial infections. However, the presence of Kana residues in the environment may pose risks to human health. In this study, we developed a personal glucose meter (PGM)-based sensing method for the rapid detection of Kana in water. Initially, aminated magnetic beads were synthesized and bound with Kana aptamers. In the absence of Kana, the aptamer reacted with the invertase-cDNA probe to form a double-stranded structure that was subsequently removed by magnetic separation. Following the addition of sucrose, no discernible response signal was detected by the PGM. In the presence of Kana, the aptamer exhibited specific recognition of Kana, resulting in the unwinding of the double strand. After magnetic separation, the invertase-cDNA complex was released into the supernatant, while sucrose was hydrolyzed into glucose by invertase. Detection of Kana was indirectly achieved based on the relationship between glucose concentration and the PGM indication. Finally, a miniaturized portable device was constructed by integrating the components using 3D printing technology. Under optimal conditions, rapid detection of Kana within the concentration range of 1-200 nM was achieved, with a detection limit (3σ/k) of 0.28 nM. Furthermore, the sensor demonstrated good selectivity for Kana in the presence of interfering antibiotics. All these results indicate that the method is simple, rapid, selective, and sensitive, and it could potentially serve as an effective approach for the selective determination of Kana in complex water samples. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Glucose sensors

Spatiotemporal Distribution and Ecological Risk of Azole Fungicides During the Urban Water Cycle in the Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, China

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Zhang, Yangyang Gu, Xinjie Li, Xiuwen Zhao, Qiuyun Hu, Xiaodong Huang, Rui Xu, Jixiong Yin, Zilong Zhou, Qing Shi, Peng Li, Aimin State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the Environment Nanjing University Nanjing210023 China Jiangsu Province Hydraulic Research Institute Nanjing210023 China

Azole fungicides (AFs) play a vital role in preventing and treating fungal diseases in agricultural crops. However, there have been limited studies focusing on the fate and ecological risk of AFs in the urban water cycle at a large watershed scale. To address this gap, we investigated the spatiotemporal distribution and ecological risk of twenty AFs in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River across four seasons. Our findings revealed that all AFs were detected in surface water except for triazophos (TAP) and mepanipyrim (MAP). Among the detected AFs, carbendazim (CBA), tebuconazole (TBA), tricyclazole (TCA), and propiconazole (PPA) emerged as the dominant compounds. Their highest concentrations were recorded in January (188.0 ng/L), and November (2197.0 ng/L), July (162.0 ng/L), and November (1802.0 ng/L), respectively. The comparison between effluents from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and surface water pointed towards industrial WWTPs as a major source of AFs in the Yangtze River. Specifically, TBA and PPA were found to be the most recalcitrant AFs in industrial WWTPs, while DFA in municipal WWTPs, with an average removal rate of below 60%. The ecological risk assessment demonstrated that the average risk quotient (RQ) for total AFs in the fall was 6.45, higher than that in January (0.98), April (0.61), and July (0.40). This indicates that AFs in surface water during dry seasons posed higher environmental risks. Additionally, the exposure risk of AFs through drinking water to sensitive populations deserves more attention. This study provides benchmark data on the occurrence of AFs in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and offers suggestions for better reduction of AFs. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Risk assessment

Source-oriented ecological and resistome risks associated with geochemical enrichment of heavy metals in river sediments

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Chemosphere 2023年 336卷 139119页

作者： Yang, Zhimin Li, Chunhui Chen, Haiyang Shan, Xin Chen, Jinping Zhang, Jianhang Liu, Shaoda Liu, Qiang Wang, Xuan Key Laboratory for Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing100875 China Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation College of Water Sciences Beijing Normal University Beijing100875 China Faculty of Geographical Science Beijing Normal University Beijing100875 China State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing100875 China

Heavy metals (HMs) pose ecological and resistome risks to aquatic systems. To efficiently develop targeted risk mitigation strategies, apportioning HM sources and assessing their source-oriented risks are essential. Although many studies have reported risk assessment and source apportionment of HMs, yet few have explored source-specific ecological and resistome risks associated with geochemical enrichment of HMs in aquatic environments. Therefore, this study proposes an integrated technological framework to characterize source-oriented ecological and resistome risks in the sediments of a plain river in China. Several geochemical tools quantitatively showed Cd and Hg had the highest pollution levels in the environment, with 19.7 and 7.5 times higher than their background values, respectively. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) and Unmix were comparatively used to apportion sources of HMs. Essentially, the two models were complementary and identified similar sources including industrial discharges, agricultural activities, atmospheric deposition and natural background, with contributions of 32.3–37.0%, 8.0−9.0%, 12.1−15.9% and 42.8−43.0%, respectively. To analyze source-specific ecological risks, the apportionment results were integratively incorporated into a modified ecological risk index. The results showed anthropogenic sources were the most significant contributors to the ecological risks. Particularly, industrial discharges majorly contributed high- (44%) and extremely high (52%) ecological risk for Cd, while agricultural activities posed a greater percentage of considerable-(36%) and high- (46%) ecological risk for Hg. Furthermore, the high-throughput sequencing metagenomic analysis identified abundant and diverse antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), including some carbapenem-resistance genes and emerging genes such as mcr-type in the river sediments. Network and statistical analyses displayed significant correlations between ARGs and geochemical enrichment of

关键词： Antibiotics

Geochemical behavior of rare earth elements in mining-affected waters, southwest China

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Science of the Total environment 2024年 957卷 177747页

作者： Wang, Xuemei Li, Bo Zhu, Mingtan Tang, Jie Liu, Guo Wang, JinJin Wang, Yanqun Hu, Jinzhao College of Environment Civil Engineering Chengdu University of Technology Chengdu610059 China School of Environment and Resource Xichang University Xichang615000 China State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection Chengdu610059 China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation & Water Pollution College of Ecology and Environment Chengdu University of Technology Chengdu610059 China College of Environmental Science and Engineering China West Normal University Nanchong10637001 China

Mining activities have led to significant rare earth elements (REEs) contamination and ecotoxicological risks in aquatic systems. However, the concentration, speciation, and primary controlling factors of REEs in aquatic systems in southwest China have remained unclear. This study investigated the water geochemistry, concentration, speciation, fractionation patterns, and anomalies of REEs in the surface water, shallow groundwater, and deep groundwater within a mining-impacted catchment area in southwest China across different seasons. REE concentrations were in the range of 1.12–73.66 μg/L in surface water, 0.09–96.58 μg/L in shallow groundwater, and 0.09–1.05 μg/L in deep groundwater. Seasonal variations significantly impacted REE concentrations in surface water and shallow groundwater. The variability of environmental parameters, driven by higher temperatures during the wet season, significantly controlled the increases in the proportions of dissolved REE in both surface water and groundwater. The water recharge between surface water and groundwater resulted in analogous REE fractionation patterns and anomalies. Variation in pH, oxidation-reduction potential, iron, manganese and aluminum content in water influenced the fractionation indices of REEs. Cerium and europium anomalies in water samples provided insights into REE sources and associated hydrological dynamics. Our results demonstrate that REE fractionation patterns and anomalies were influenced by water-rock interactions, mining activities and hydrogeological factors, which facilitates a comprehensive understanding of the hydrogeochemistry process in aqueous systems. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Groundwater geochemistry

Climate Downscaling Using Neural Operator: Spatiotemporal Multimodal Fusion Operator with state-Query Coupled Kernel

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Climate Downscaling Using Neural Operator: Spatiotemporal Mu...

International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： Haodi Zhang Yichi Wang Yifan Jian Jiahui Jiang Zhaohai Bai Lin Ma College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen University Center for Agricultural Resources Research Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the Environment Nanjing University

ISBN: (数字)9798350368741

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368758

Climate downscaling is crucial for detailed small- scale analysis and for acquiring climate data in regions without weather stations. Operator learning has proven potential for this task. However, several challenges remain in operator learning, such as multimodal fusion, spatiotemporal fusion and input state and query adaptation. To address these challenges, we propose a Spatiotemporal Multimodal Fusion Operator with a state- Query Coupled Kernel (SMCK). This framework includes a latent space fusion encoder that encodes climate variables using position-wise multihead attention for multimodal fusion and integrates historical information to generate robust and precise representation. Additionally, we introduce a state-query coupled kernel that combines radial basis functions and discrete fourier encoding to enhance query location representation, while also adapting to the state to obtain the coupled kernel. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance and provides strong support for climate downscaling and the planning of climate-related strategies.

关键词： Couplings Signal processing Encoding Robustness Spatiotemporal phenomena Planning Kernel Speech processing Forecasting Meteorology

Quantitative Insight into Cr(Vi) Adsorption and Reduction Kinetics by Ferrihydrite-Humic Acid Coprecipitates: Development of Multi-Step Kinetics Model Integrating Synergistic/Antagonistic Factors

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Chang, Jingjie Wang, Hui Qiao, Kai Zhu, Jinqi Chen, Yikang Zhang, Jia Xue, Qiang Zhang, Huanzhen Chen, Honghan Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources & Environmental Engineering China University of Geosciences Beijing100083 China State Environmental Protection Key laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing100012 China

Pervasive ferrihydrite (Fh)- humic acid (HA) coprecipitates plays significant role in the fate of heavy metals in subsurface environment. However, quantitative investigation of the adsorption and reduction processes of Cr(VI) by Fh-HA coprecipitates and the corresponding multi-step reaction mechanism remain unclear. In this study, the kinetic adsorption and reduction of Cr(VI) by Fh-HA coprecipitates were characterized using experimental and simulation methods, which quantified the antagonistic adsorption and synergistic reduction effects. Results showed that the adsorption reaction rate was 7–60 times higher than that of reduction, attributed to Fh and HA, respectively. Due to the occupation of surface adsorption sites on Fh by HA, the adsorption capacity of Fh in the coprecipitates for Cr(VI) decreased by approximately 10% compared to pure Fh. In contrast, the reducing ability of HA in the coprecipitate towards Cr(VI) was amplified by 1–5 times, primarily attributed to the enrichment of more potent reductive components of HA in the coprecipitates. The antagonistic adsorption and synergistic reduction effects increased as the C/Fe ratio decreased, and the latter also depended on the characteristics of HA. A multi-step reaction model that incorporated factors of antagonistic adsorption and synergistic reduction was developed to describe the adsorption and reduction process of Cr(VI) by Fh-HA coprecipitate, and it outperformed classical first-order or second-order kinetic models, yielding significantly better results (RSS=0.002–0.018 vs. RSS=0.011–0.031). This study provides quantitative insights into the impact of Fh-HA coprecipitates on the migration and transformation of Cr(VI), which can be applied in groundwater pollution control, remediation, and assessment. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Kinetics