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Water Scarcity in Conakry, Guinea: Challenges and Proposed Strategies for a Way Forward

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2024年第4期16卷 264-280页

作者： Bernard Lassimo Diawara Gerald D. S. Quoie Jr Zhuo Li Justin Junior Loua College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai China UNEP-Tongji Institute of Environment for Sustainable Development Tongji University Shanghai China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse Tongji University Shanghai China Business School Sichuan University Chengdu China

The capital of Guinea, Conakry, faces a notable difficulty due to a water shortage, which is worsened by the rapid increase in population and urban development. The Guinean Water Company (SEG) faces challenges in supplying water to the entire city due to its limited area of approximately 420 km² and a population of 2 million. Moreover, the population growth rate is anticipated to increase dramatically, exacerbating the difficulty of fulfilling future water requirements. As a result, this study employs data from the Knoema website and the Institute of National Statistics of Guinea (INS) to examine the water production and distribution process by the SEG. The study examines the challenges related to water scarcity in Conakry and suggests strategies to assist the city in managing the present circumstances and planning for the future. The primary objective is to get a long-lasting water supply and uphold water quality to advance public health.

关键词： Water Scarcity Conakry Population Growth SDGs SEG

Mechanistic Exploration of COVID-19 Antiviral Drug Ritonavir on Anaerobic Digestion Through Experimental Validation Coupled with Metagenomics Analysis

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Wang, Ruming Wang, Zhuoqin Yuan, Haiping Li, Chunxing Zhu, Nanwen School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai200240 China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the Environment Nanjing University Nanjing210023 China

The aggregation of antiviral drugs (ATVs) in waste activated sludge (WAS) and their migration and transformation during WAS treatment pose considerable environmental exposure, so it is crucial to understand the behavior of these agents during WAS treatment. This study investigated the effects of ritonavir (RIT), an ATV used to treat human immunodeficiency virus infection and coronavirus disease 2019, on anaerobic digestion (AD) of WAS to reveal the mechanisms by which it interferes with anaerobic flora. The dosage influence results showed that methane production in AD of WAS decreased by 46.56% when RIT concentration was increased to 1000 μg/kg total solids (TS). The AD staging test revealed that RIT mainly stimulated microbial synthesis of the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), limiting organic matter solubilization. At 500 μg/kg TS, RIT decreased CHO and CHON levels in dissolved organic matter by 23.12% and 56.68%, respectively, significantly reducing substrate availability to microorganisms. Metagenomic analysis of microbial functional gene sets revealed that RIT had greater inhibitory effects on protein and amino acid metabolism than on carbohydrate metabolism. Under RIT stress, methanogens switched from hydrogenotrophic and acetotrophic methanogenesis to methylotrophic and acetotrophic methanogenesis. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Anaerobic digestion

Towards Elevated Perfluorooctanoic Acid (Pfoa) Enrichment in Water: Sequential Liquid-Liquid Extraction Pretreatment for Ion Chromatography Detection

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Yang, Yang He, Huan Chen, Yuheng Chen, Baiyang Banayan Esfahani, Ehsan Mohseni, Madjid Xu, Nan Nesterenko, Pavel N. State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen518055 China Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering University of British Columbia VancouverBCV6T 1Z3 Canada Key Laboratory for Heavy Metal Pollution Control and Reutilization School of Environment and Energy Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen518055 China Department of Chemistry Lomonosov Moscow State University Vorob’evy Gory GSP-3 Moscow119899 Russia

The widespread detection of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in the environment has raised significant concerns. The standard PFOA analytical method relies on expensive solid-phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) instruments, making routine use prohibitive. We herein proposed a cost-effective yet novel enrichment method for determining PFOA at ng/L level. This method entailed a two-step sample preparation process: firstly, PFOA was extracted and enriched using a forward-extraction under acidic conditions, followed by a backward-extraction and enrichment step utilizing alkaline water. The enriched samples were subsequently subjected to a common ion chromatography (IC). Results reveal that maintaining a forward-extraction pH below its pKa value (2.8) is essential, as protonated PFOA proves effective in enhancing the enrichment factor (EF). The challenge lied in driving PFOA from forward-extractant to aqueous backward-extractant due to the decreased hydrophobicity of deprotonated PFOA (log Kow2 = 1.0). In addition, we found that evaporating forward-extractant with alkaline backward-extractant (containing 5% methanol) reduced potential analytical uncertainties associated with PFOA evaporation and sorption. Under optimal conditions, the method achieved a detection limit of 9.2 ng/L and an impressive EF value of 719. Comparison with SPE-LC-MS/MS confirmed the proposed method as a promising alternative for PFOA determination. Although initially targeted for PFOA, the novel methodology is likely applicable to preconcentration of other poly-fluoroalkyl substances. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Ion chromatography

Aerosol in global oceanic regions: Four-decade trends, spatial patterns, and policy implications

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Science of the Total environment 2024年 947卷 174176页

作者： Li, Linxuan Wang, Xuehan Bi, Xiaohui Dai, Qili Liu, Baoshuang Wu, Jianhui Zhang, Yufen Feng, Yinchang State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control College of Environmental Science and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin300350 China Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research College of Environmental Science and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin300350 China

High aerosol loadings are observed not only in megacities on continents but also in oceanic regions like the Bohai Sea. This work provides a comprehensive analysis of the spatial and temporal variations in Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) across different ocean regions worldwide over the past four decades, using remote sensing reanalysis data. The mean AOD value across all oceanic grids is approximately 0.112, with higher levels recorded in the Central Atlantic (~0.206), followed by the North Indian Ocean (~0.201), and the Western North Pacific (~0.197). A latitudinal analysis reveals that high AOD values are predominantly found in the Northern Hemisphere's oceanic regions, especially between latitudes 0° and 70° N. Except for the Gulf of California and Hudson Bay, AOD values in the other fourteen surveyed inland seas surpass the mean levels found at similar latitudes in oceanic regions. Among which, the Bohai Sea stands out as the most polluted oceanic region with AOD value of 0.35. Over the last four decades, AOD trends have revealed a significant decrease across about 89.5 % of global oceanic grids, while an increase in AOD is observed in low-latitude oceanic areas (30° S–30° N). Investigation into inland seas shows that nearly two-thirds have experienced a declining AOD trend, while sharply upward trends in AOD are primarily found in Asia. The Bohai Sea shows the largest increase in AOD, with an annual growth rate of 1.4 %. The turning-points of the AOD in each inland sea confirm the success of regional emission control policies initiated on the adjacent continents. To improve air quality in inland seas like the Bohai Sea, adjusting industrial layouts, such as relocating heavy industries from the surrounding coastal cities' proximities to areas near open seas, could significantly benefit public health. © 2024

关键词： Emission control

Mechanochemical Remediation of Soil Contaminated with Heavy Metals and Persistent Organic Pollutants by Ball Milling with Nzvi-Cao-Ca 3 (Po 4 ) 2 Additives

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Yuan, Wenyi Wang, Xiaoyan Xie, Junying Huang, Qing Huang, Kaiyou School of Resource and Environmental Engineering Shanghai Polytechnic University Shanghai201209 China Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing210008 China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the Environment Nanjing University Xianlin Ave. 163 Nanjing210023 China

Mechanochemical method was proposed for the remediation of soil contaminated with heavy metals (HMs, Cu, Pb, and Cd) and persistent organic pollutants (POPs, PBDEs, and PCBs) through ball milling with nanoscale Zero-valent Iron (nZVI)-CaO-Ca3(PO4)2 (NCC). The mechanical energy supplied by ball milling and NCC considerably enhanced the stabilization of HMs (Cu 99.22%, Pb 100.00%, and Cd 98.42%) as well as the efficiency of POP degradation (BDE209 99.57%, PCB3 94.55%, PCB4 94.07%, PCB5 86.96%). Upon an increase in the rotation speed from 0 to 650 rpm, the weak acid extractable fraction (F1) of Cu, Pb, and Cd gradually transformed into relatively stable (F2+F3) and residual forms (F4) and gradually reached a steady state. Moreover, under the influence of SiO2 and excited-state PO43- in the soil, HMs also transformed from their originally mobile form to other stable forms. The C-O and C-Br bonds of BDE209 were cleaved during mechano-chemical reactions, yielding perbromobenzene, 2,3,4,5,6-pentabromophenol, and other low-brominated phenols such as 1,2,3,4,5-pentabromo-6-(2,3-dibromophenoxy) benzene. The C-Cl bonds of PCBs underwent selective cleavage, resulting in the formation of low-chlorinated biphenyls and hydrocarbons. Furthermore, the stability of C-Cl bonds increased with a higher number of chlorine atoms in PCBs, making them more difficult to degrade. This study offers an environmentally friendly and highly effective remediation approach for POPs-HMs contaminated soil. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Organic pollutants

从工业废水中高效回收金属——瞬态电场与旋流耦合模式下的电化学系统（英文）

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Engineering 2024年第7期 184-193页

作者： Li Chen Gong Zhang Huijuan Liu Shiyu Miao Qingbai Chen Huachun Lan Jiuhui Qu Center for Water and Ecology State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution ControlSchool of EnvironmentTsinghua University

Efficient metal recovery from industrial wastewater facilitates addressing of the environmental hazards and resource requirements of heavy *** conventional electrodeposition recovery method is hampered by the limitations of interfacial ion transport in charge-transfer reactions,creating challenges for simultaneous rapid and high-quality metal ***,we proposed integrating a transient electric field （TE） and swirling flow （SF） to synchronously enhance bulk mass transfer and promote interfacial ion *** investigated the effects of the operation mode,transient frequency,and flow rate on metal recovery,enabling determination of the optimal operating conditions for rapid and efficient sequential recovery of Cu in TE&SF *** conditions included low and high electric levels of 0and 4 V,a 50%duty cycle,1 k Hz frequency,and 400 L.h-1flow *** kinetic coefficients of TE&SF electrodeposition were 3.5–4.3 and 1.37–1.97 times that of single TE and SF electrodeposition,*** the deposition process under TE and SF conditions confirmed the efficient concurrence of interfacial ion transport and charge transfer under TE and SF synergy,which achieved rapid and highquality metal ***,the combined deposition strategy is considered an effective technique for reducing metal pollution and promoting resource recycling.

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Time-Resolved in Situ Infrared and Two-Dimensional Correlation Spectroscopy of V2o5/Tio2: Effects of Wo3 and Moo3 Loadings for Nh3-Scr

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Lv, Zhihui He, Guangzhi Ge, Yanli Liu, Yongchun Yu, Yunbo He, Hong State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100085 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology College of Environmental Science and Engineering Peking University Beijing100871 China Aerosol and Haze Laboratory Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing100029 China Ganjiang Innovation Academy Chinese Academy of Sciences Ganzhou341000 China Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion Institute of Urban Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen361021 China

Vanadia-based catalysts are widely applied in NOx reduction, while the promoting effect of WO3 and MoO3 is still under debate. Herein, we prepared V2O5/TiO2, V2O5-WO3/TiO2, and V2O5-MoO3/TiO2 catalysts and revealed that WO3 and MoO3 enhanced the activity of V2O5/TiO2, particularly under wet conditions. In situ DRIFTS, two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D COS), and DFT calculations demonstrated that NH3 adsorption on Lewis acid sites of V2O5/TiO2 resulted in the formation of NH3ads-L1 (1284 cm-1, Ti sites of O=V-O-Ti) and NH3ads-L2 (1604 cm-1, V=O sites). By using 2D COS, we firstly found that the NH3ads-L1 exhibited higher reactivity towards NO to produce NH2NO* via NH2*, which was promoted by WO3. Moreover, WO3 and MoO3 doping inhibited H2O adsorption, and promoted its desorption at elevated temperature, thus protecting the V=O sites on V2O5/TiO2. Also, 2D COS analysis provides a new perspective for in-depth understanding of the active sites and intermediates in NH3-SCR reaction. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Catalysts

Research on the Potential of Urban Green-Blue Infrastructure in Carbon Reduction Benefits

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景观设计学(中英文) 2025年第2期13卷 12-25页

作者： Yunsheng BAI Gengyuan LIU Mingwan WU Zhaoman HUO Ningyu YAN Fanxin MENG Qing YANG Zhongming LU Silvio CRISTIANO State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875China Beijing Engineering Research Center for Watershed Environmental Restoration and Integrated Ecological Regulation Beijing 100875China Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Ecological Security and Green Development Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of EducationSchool of EcologyEnvironment and ResourcesGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environment and Ecology Beijing Normal UniversityZhuhai 519087China Division of Environment and Sustainability Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong 999077China Department of Architecture University of FlorenceFlorence 50121Italy

Urban green-blue infrastructures(GBls)are increasingly gaining attention in the pursuit of carbon neutrality,particularly within residential *** this background,this study established an integrated quantitative framework to assess both direct and indirect carbon reduction benefits of urban GBls,by leveraging Life Cycle Assessment approach to precisely calibrate the carbon sequestration benefits of three typical urban GBls(green roofs,sunken green spaces,and rain gardens)under three different scenarios and building a carbon sequestration database that includes 36 local plant species in *** research results indicate that GBls have a reducing effect on carbon emissions in urban residential *** extrapolating the simulation results to the city scale,the preliminary estimation suggests that the construction of GBls within residential areas in Shanghai can achieve a carbon sink of approximately 540.54 million tCOzeq per *** level of carbon sequestration is equivalent to 32%of Shanghai's annual carbon *** is evident that the construction of GBls possesses significant potential in carbon reduction benefits and for achieving urban carbon neutrality strategies.

关键词： Green-Blue Infrastructure Life Cycle Assessment Planting Design Green-Blue Infrastructure Design Carbon Reduction Benefit Carbon Sequestration Residential Area

Risk assessment and management of radionuclide leakage in nuclear power plants

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National Science Open 2025年第1期4卷 75-100页

作者： Boyang Huang Yuxin Liu Xiaoyan Sun Lei Huang Shipeng Dong Liang Mao State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the EnvironmentChemistry and Biomedicine Innovation CenterNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Nanjing Qixia District Hospital Nanjing 210023China

Nuclear power plants are designed with stringent safety measures to prevent accidents and radioactive ***,major accidents like the Three Mile Island(1979),Chornobyl(1986),and Fukushima Daiichi(2011)have sig-nificantly impacted human health,the environment,and public perception of nuclear *** during normal operation,nuclear power plants release effluents that can have some impact on the *** effluents are carefully monitored and regulated to minimize their environmental *** releases have potential long-term consequences for human health and the *** mitigate the risks of accidents and the environmental impact of normal operation,continued focus on nuclear safety,rigorous regulatory oversight,and improved emergency response measures are *** behavior and impact of radionuclides in the environment,models and methods for simulating the transport and deposition of radio-nuclides in the atmosphere and ocean,toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic studies to predict the potential impacts of radionuclide releases and support risk management decisions,and environmental monitoring and control technology of nuclides,et al are *** article aims to provide an overview of the importance of environmental toxicology in radioactive risk as-sessment and management,discuss the unique challenges associated with monitoring and remediating radioactive releases,and suggest future research directions.

关键词： radionuclide leakage nuclear power plants risk assessment environmental toxicology remediation methods