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Assessing Alternatives for Sustainable Management of A Flood control Dam

Procedia environmental Sciences 2010年 2卷 98-110页

作者： Meng Yang Xin Qian Yuchao Zhang Jinbao Sheng Dengle Shen State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of Environment Nanjing University Nanjing P. R. China Dam Safety Management Department The Ministry of Water Resources of China Hydraulic Investigation and Design Institute of Anhui Province The Ministry of Water Resources of China

Dam decay provides opportunity to restore degraded ecosystems. When choose an alternative to manage a dangerous dam to ensure dam safety and satisfy other human needs, ecological needs should be considered. In this paper, based on sustainable management goal, alternatives for managing a small flood control dam were assessed from improving dam safety, controlling flood and restoring riparian vegetation. Impacts on dam safety were quantified by an index integrating social influences from dam break flood inundation. Capability to control flood was assessed based on reservoir routing and hydrologic modeling. Opportunity to recover riparian vegetation was quantified by an index representing hydrologic alterations to natural flow regime. Final priority of each alternative was then obtained by multiplicative synthesis. Synthesization results indicated the decreasing dam height alternative had the highest priority to achieve the sustainable goal, because it flexibly regulated inflows for ecological considerations within the limits of flood control standard.

关键词： Dam reinforcement dam removal natural flow regime water resource management Yangtze watershed

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Ecological network analysis of an urban water metabolic system: model development, and a case study for Beijing

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The Science of the total environment 2010年第20期408卷 4702-11页

作者： Yan Zhang Zhifeng Yang Brian D Fath State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China.

Using ecological network analysis, we analyzed the network structure and ecological relationships in an urban water metabolic system. We developed an ecological network model for the system, and used Beijing as an example of analysis based on the model. We used network throughflow analysis to determine the flows among components, and measured both indirect and direct flows. Using a network utility matrix, we determined the relationships and degrees of mutualism among six compartments--1) local environment, 2) rainwater collection, 3) industry, 4) agriculture, 5) domestic sector, and 6) wastewater recycling--which represent producer, consumer, and reducer trophic levels. The capacity of producers to provide water for Beijing decreased from 2003 to 2007, and consumer demand for water decreased due to decreasing industrial and agricultural demand; the recycling capacity of reducers also improved, decreasing the discharge pressure on the environment. The ecological relationships associated with the local environment or the wastewater recycling sector changed little from 2003 to 2007. From 2003 to 2005, the main changes in the ecological relationships among components of Beijing's water metabolic system mostly occurred between the local environment, the industrial and agricultural sectors, and the domestic sector, but by 2006 and 2007, the major change was between the local environment, the agricultural sector, and the industrial sector. The other ecological relationships did not change during the study period. Although Beijing's mutualism indices remained generally stable, the ecological relationships among compartments changed greatly. Our analysis revealed ways to further optimize this system and the relationships among compartments, thereby optimizing future urban water resources development.

关键词： Urban ecological networks Urban water metabolism Throughflow analysis Utility analysis Ecological network analysis

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Phytotoxicity of four herbicides on Ceratophyllum demersum,Vallisneria natans and Elodea nuttallii

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2009年第3期21卷 307-312页

作者： PAN Huiyun,LI Xiaolu,XU Xiaohua,GAO Shixiang state key laboratory of pollution control and Resource Reuse,School of the environment,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210093,China. [a]State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the Environment Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China

The physiological effects of 4 herbicides （butachlor, quinclorac, bensulfuron-methyl and atrazine） on 3 submerged macrophytes （Ceratophyllum demersum, Vallisneria natans and Elodea nuttallii） were tested in laboratory. The variables of the relative growth rate and the photosynthetic pigment content showed that all of the tested herbicides affected the growth of the plants obviously, even at the lowest concentration （0.0001 mg/L）. Except for the C. demersum treated with quinclorac at 0.005 and 0.01 mg/L, the relative growth rates of the plants were inhibited significantly （p 〈 0.01）. Statistical analysis of chlorophyll a （Chl-a） contents was carded out with both the t-test and one-way ANOVA to determine the difference between the treatment and control. The results showed that Chl-a contents of the plants in all treatment groups were affected by herbicides significantly, except for the C. demersum treated with bensulfuron-methyl at 0.0005 mg/L. The decrease in Chl-a content was positively correlated to the dosage of the herbicides in most treatment groups. It was suggested that herbicides in water bodies might potentially affect the growth of aquatic macrophytes. Since the Chl-a content of submerged macrophytes responded to the stress of herbicides sensitively and directly, it could be used as a biomaker in environmental monitoring or in the ecological risk assessment of herbicide contamination.

关键词： phytotoxicity herbicides submerged macrophyte ecological risk assessment

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A novel aminated polymeric adsorbent for removing refractory dissolved organic matter from landfill leachate treatment plant

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2009年第8期21卷 1089-1095页

作者： ZHANG Long, LI Aimin, WANG Jinnan, LU Yufei, ZHOU Youdong state key laboratory of pollution control and Resource Reuse, School of the environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China. [a]State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the Environment Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China

Refractory dissolved organic matter （DOM） from landfill leachate treatment plant was with high dissolved organic carbon （DOC） content. An aminated polymeric adsorbent NDA-8 with tertiary amino groups and sufficient mesopore was synthesized, which exhibited high adsorption capacity to the DOM （raw water after coagulation）. Resin NDA-8 performed better in the uptake of the DOM than resin DAX-8 and A100. Electrostatic attraction was considered as the decisive interaction between the adsorbent and adsorbate. Special attention was paid to the correlation between porous structure and adsorption capacity. The mesopore of NDA-8 played a crucial role during uptake of the DOM. In general, resin in chloride form performed a higher removal rate of DOC. According to the colunm adsorption test, total adsorption capacity of NDA-8 was calculated to 52.28 mg DOC/mL wet resin. 0.2 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution could regenerate the adsorbent efficiently.

关键词： electrostatic interactions chemically modified resin coagulation adsorption pore structure

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Selective sorption of perfluorooctane sulfonate on molecularly imprinted polymer adsorbents

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2009年第2期3卷 171-177页

作者： Shubo DENG Danmeng SHUAI Qiang YU Jun HUANG Gang YU Department of Environmental Science and Engineering POPs Research Centerand State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution ControlTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS),as a potential persistent organic pollutant,has been widely detected in water environments,and has become a great concern in recent *** is very stable and difficult to decompose using conventional *** may be an attractive method to remove it from *** this study,the molecularly imprinted polymer(MIP)adsorbents were prepared through the polymerization of 4-vinylpyridine under different preparation conditions in order to remove perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS)from *** MIP adsorbents using perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA)as the template had good imprinting effects and could selectively remove PFOS from aqueous *** sorption behaviors including sorption kinetics,isotherms,and effect of pH,salt,and competitive anions were *** results showed that the sorption of PFOS on the MIP adsorbents was very fast,pHdependent,and highly *** achieved fast sorption equilibrium within 1 h was attributed to the surface sorption on the fine *** sorption isotherms showed that the sorption selectivity of PFOS on the MIP adsorbents decreased at high PFOS concentrations,which may be due to the double-layer sorption and the formation of PFOS micelles on the sorbent *** sorption of PFOS on the MIP adsorbents was mainly dominated by the electrostatic interaction between the protonated vinylpyridine on the adsorbent surface and the anionic *** prepared MIP adsorbents can potentially be applied in water and wastewater treatment for selective removal of PFOS.

关键词： perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS) molecularly imprinted polymer(MIP)adsorbents selective sorption electrostatic interaction

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TURBUENT FLUXES OF AIR-SEA EXCHANGE MEASURED AT YONGXING ISLAND,XISHA,CHINA

TURBUENT FLUXES OF AIR-SEA EXCHANGE MEASURED AT YONGXING ISL...

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2010年亚洲通量网会议(Asiaflux workshop2010)

作者： Xiao Liu Xuhui CAaiI Ling Kang Tong Zhu Hongsheng Zhang College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China State Key Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution ControlPeking UniversityBering 100871China Department of Atomspheric and Oceanic SciencesSchool of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

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Microwave photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B using TiO_2 supported on activated carbon:Mechanism implication

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2009年第2期21卷 268-272页

作者： HE Zhong,YANG Shaogui,JU Yongming,SUN Cheng state key laboratory of pollution control and Resource Reuse,School of the environment,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210093,China. State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the Environment Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China

The photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B （RhB） was carried out using TiO2 supported on activated carbon （TiO2-AC） under microwave irradiation. Composite catalyst TiO2-AC was prepared and characterized using X-ray diffraction （XRD）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM） and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller （BET）. In the process of microwave-enhanced photocatalysis （MPC）, RhB （30 mg/L） was almost completely decoloured in 10 min, and the mineralization efficiency was 96.0% in 20 min. The reaction rate constant of RhB in MPC using TiO2-AC by pseudo first-order reaction kinetics was 4.16 times of that using Degussa P25. Additionally, according to gas chromatography/mass spectrometry （GC/MS） and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry （LC/MS） identification, the major intermediates of RhB in MPC included two kinds of N-de-ethylation intermediates （N,N-diethyl-N＇-ethyl-rhodamine （DER））, oxalic acid, malonic acid, snccinic acid, and phthalic acid, maleic acid, 3-nitrobenzoic acid, and so on. The degradation of RhB in MPC was mainly attributed to the destruction of the conjugated structure, and then the intermediates transformed to acid molecules which were mineralized to water and carbon dioxide.

关键词： microwave photocatalytic WiO2, activated carbon Rhodamine B degradation mechanism

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QSAR study on the non-monotonic dose-response curve of PCBs in chicken embryo hepatocyte bioassay

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Science China Chemistry 2009年第5期52卷 662-669页

作者： YunSong Mu AiQian Zhang ChangAn Gao SuFen Peng LianSheng Wang State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of Environment Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China

Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the natural environment exhibit a unique non-monotonic dose-response curve and it is impossible to select one simple index to characterize the bilogogical activity of these compounds. Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) study on non-monotonic dose-response curve has become a real challenge presently. In order to explore the possible mechanism for the non-monotonic dose-response curve of polychlorinated biphenyls congeners (PCBs) in chicken embryo hepatocyte bioassay, AM1 method of ChemOffice was adopted to calculate necessary structure descriptors for PCBs, while the interactions between PCBs and simulated AhR ligand binding domain (LBD) were analyzed by using FlexX in SYBYL7.0. Different binding modes for PCBs have been distinguished not only from aligned conformation but also from free binding energy. Some QSAR models were established separately for both low and high doses ranges, revealing that receptor binding may predominate in the interference of the physiological function of cytochrome P4501A-P4501A in the low doses range. But with the higher doses range, the EROD suppression might be related to acute toxicity owing to molecular polarity or distribution of charges and consequently damage structure and function of chicken embryo hepatocyte.

关键词： polychlorinated biphenyls congeners (PCBs) non-monotonic dose-response curve quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR)

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Gas Phase Thermodynamic Properties of Polychlorinated Xanthones Predicted with DFT Method and Cl Substituted Position

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2010年第3期18卷 462-471页

作者：陈建挺刘辉费艾莉程维明王遵尧 State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse School of Environment Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China School of Environmental and Safety Engineering Jiangsu Polytechnic University Changzhou 213164 China School of Biological and Chemical Engineering Jiaxing University Jiaxing 314001 China U.S. Fulbright Student Grantee School of Social and Behavioral Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China Chery Automobile Co. Ltd Wuhu 214006 China

The gas phase thermodynamic properties of 135 polychlorinated xanthones(PCXTs)are calculated using a combination of quantum mechanical computations performed with the Gaussian 03 program at the B3LYP/6-311G***** is found that the chlorine substitution pattern strongly influences the thermodynamic properties of the *** thermodynamic properties of congeners with the same number of chlorines also depend on the chlorine substitution pattern,especially for ortho-substituted *** congeners with one phenyl ring fully chlorinated are found to be the least stable among the *** effect of the chlorine substitution pattern is quantitatively studied by considering the number and position of Cl atom substitution(NPCS).The results show that the NPCS model may be used to predict the thermodynamic properties for all 135 PCXT congeners. In addition,the values of molar heat capacities at constant pressure(cp,m)from 200 to 1000 K for PCXT congeners are calculated,and the temperature dependence relation of this parameter is obtained using the least-squares method.

关键词： polychlorinated xanthones density functional theory number and position of Cl atom substitution thermodynamic property relative stability

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Stress of urban energy consumption on air environment

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中国高等学校学术文摘·地球科学 2009年第3期3卷 337-348页

作者： Gang YAN Li LI Bin CHEN State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning Beijing 100012 China School of the Environment Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

With rapid urbanization and heavy industria-lization as well as the rapid increase of cars in China, the effect of energy consumption on urban air environment is increasingly becoming serious, and has become a hot topic for both scholars and decision-makers. This paper explores the effect mechanism and regulation of urban energy consumption on the air environment, and summarizes the framework of the stress effect relationship and the evolutionary process. In accordance with the effect relationship of the internal factors between the two, analytic approaches studying the stress effect of urban energy consumption on air environment are proposed, including the analysis of air environment effects caused by urban energy consumption structure change, and the analysis of air environment effects caused by urban energy economic efficiency change, as well as a decomposition analysis of air pollutant emission caused by urban energy consumption. Applying the above-mentioned approaches into a case study on Beijing City, this paper analyzes the effect relationship among urban energy consumption structure improvement, energy economic efficiency increase and air quality change since the period when Beijing City officially proposed to bid for the 2008 Olympic Games in 1998. In addition, it further analyzes the effect and contribution of urban industrial activity level, industrial economic structure, industrial energy intensity, and industrial energy structure as well as emission coefficients on the change in industrial SO2 emission, which can provide valuable information to the government for making comPrehensive environmental policies, with the use of the logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) method. It is shown that under the precondition that the industrial economy maintain a continuous and rapid increase, improvements in energy intensity and a decline in emission coefficients are the main means for reducing Beijing's industrial SO2 emissions.

关键词： urban energy consumption air environment stress effect decomposition analysis

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