In the management of lake eutrophication,the regulation effect of Fe is considered,in addition to the controlling nitrogen-and phosphorus *** on the "Fe hypothesis",this paper tentatively applied plant spect...
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In the management of lake eutrophication,the regulation effect of Fe is considered,in addition to the controlling nitrogen-and phosphorus *** on the "Fe hypothesis",this paper tentatively applied plant spectral response to the remote sensing early-warning mechanism of lake eutrophication.A laboratory water culture experiment with rice(Oryza sativa L.) was conducted to study Fe uptake by plants and the chlorophyll concentration and visible-near infrared spectrum of vegetable leaves as well as their interrelations under Fe2+ *** spectral indices,i.e.,A1(integral value of the changes of spectral reflectivity in the range 460―670 nm under Fe2+ stress),A2(integral value of the changes of spectral reflectivity in the range of 760―1000 nm under Fe2+ stress) and S(blue-shift range of red edge curve under Fe2+ stress),were used to establish quantitative models about the relationships between the rice leaf spectrum and Fe2+ *** the increase of Fe2+ in a culture solution,the Fe content in rice plants increased,while the chlorophyll concentration in vegetative leaves *** spectral reflectivity of vegetable leaves increased in the visible light band but decreased in the near infrared band,and the blue-shift range of the red edge curve *** indices A1,A2 and S all had significant correlations with the Fe content in rice leaves,the correlation coefficient being respectively 0.951(P < 0.01),?0.988(P < 0.01) and 0.851(P < 0.01),and simulated(multiple correlation coefficients R2 > 0.96) and predict the Fe level in rice leaves.
An instrument for measurement of peroxy radical by chemical amplification (PERCA) has been devel- oped at Peking University (PKU) and deployed in several field campaigns. PKU PERCA measures per- oxy radical via amplif...
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An instrument for measurement of peroxy radical by chemical amplification (PERCA) has been devel- oped at Peking University (PKU) and deployed in several field campaigns. PKU PERCA measures per- oxy radical via amplification of NO2 by peroxy radical in the presence of NO and CO through a chain reaction. The amount of amplified NO2 is detected by a NO2-luminal chemiluminescence detector. The chain length (CL) of 75±20 (1σ ) was determined routinely during field campaigns using a HO2 source from photolysis of water vapor at 185 nm in air. The detection limit for peroxy radical measurement was (1-5)×10?12 (volume ratio) with integration time of 1 min, mainly relying on the variation of the ambient O3 and NO2. The systematic uncertainty in the measurement of peroxy radical was estimated to be ±60%. The effect of water vapor on PKU PERCA was observed and determined in the laboratory. The meas- urements of peroxy radical during the Program of Regional Integrated Experiments of Air Quality over Pearl River Delta 2006 (PRIDE-PRD2006) campaign are presented to show the performance of the PERCA instrument and the behavior of the observed peroxy radical is discussed briefly.
Based on dynamic data of land use in 1980, 1990 and 2000, and by the table of Chinese ecosystem service value per unit area of different ecosystem types and ecological sensitivity analysis, a typical ecological fragil...
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Based on dynamic data of land use in 1980, 1990 and 2000, and by the table of Chinese ecosystem service value per unit area of different ecosystem types and ecological sensitivity analysis, a typical ecological fragile zones of the upper reach of Yangtze River was selected to explore land use changes and their effects on the ecosystem services value. Results showed that area of forest, grassland and wetland had the varying degree growth, and ecosystem service values showed an upward trend in the study region from 1980 to 1990. However, due to a dramatic increase in the area of construction land, farmland and unused land from 1990 to 2000, which were mainly transferred from forest and grass land, all kinds of ecosystem functions declined in different extents during the whole study period. The total ecosystem service values of the study region reduced from 11 119.16108 Yuan in 1980 to 11077.85108 Yuan in 2000, with the net decline of 41.31108 Yuan. The rapid urbanization and development mode aimed at economic interests have brought significant harm to the local ecosystem service functions and sustainable development.
Vertical movement of buoyancy regulating cyanobacteria in wind-driven currents was simulated based on Lagrangian approach and a validated buoyancy regulation model. Turbulence of water was simulated using k-Ε model. ...
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Based on the relationship between water environment system and human society, water environment carrying capacity （WECC） probes into supporting ability of complex water environment system to the human society. Recen...
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Based on the relationship between water environment system and human society, water environment carrying capacity （WECC） probes into supporting ability of complex water environment system to the human society. Recent years, due to the shortage of water resources and serious water pollution in several watersheds in China, the research of watershed water environment carrying capacity （WWECC） becomes very important. The conception, connotation and method of representation of WWECC are discussed deeply in this paper. It shows that WWECC is a kind of index that instructs whether the water environment system in watershed can continue to support the development of social economy and ecology, it is dimensionless number.
Bisphenol A (BPA) removal from surface water in the presence of natural organic matter (NOM) by combination of powdered activated carbon (PAC) adsorption and ultrafiltration (UF) was investigated in this study. It was...
Bisphenol A (BPA) removal from surface water in the presence of natural organic matter (NOM) by combination of powdered activated carbon (PAC) adsorption and ultrafiltration (UF) was investigated in this study. It was especially focused on the effects of various factors on BPA removal, such as PAC dosage, NOM concentration and pH value. BPA removal by UF+PAC process increased sharply from 4% to 92%, when PAC dosage increased from 0 to 120 mg/L. The optimal PAC dosage was determined to be 30 mg/L. The results also showed that BPA retention was slightly favored in the presence of NOM. As pH increased from 7.0 to 10.5, BPA removal substantially decreased from 90% to 59%. PAC+UF process is recommended to be used as an emergence facility in drinking water treatment, especially when an accidental spilling of deleterious substance, e.g., BPA, in the water resources happens.
This paper assesses the performance of a thermophilic anaerobic Continuously Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) in the treatment of cassava stillage under various organic loading rates (OLRs) without suspended solids (SS) se...
This paper assesses the performance of a thermophilic anaerobic Continuously Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) in the treatment of cassava stillage under various organic loading rates (OLRs) without suspended solids (SS) separation. The reactor was seeded with mesophilic anaerobic granular sludge, and the OLR increased by increments to 13.80 kg COD/m3/d (HRT 5d) over 80 days. Total COD removal efficiency remained stable at 90%, with biogas production at 18 L/d (60% methane). Increase in the OLR to 19.30 kg COD/m3/d (HRT 3d), however, led to a decrease in TCOD removal efficiency to 79% due to accumulation of suspended solids and incomplete degradation after shortened retention time. Reactor performance subsequently increased after OLR reduction. Alkalinity, VFA and pH levels were not significantly affected by OLR variation, indicating that no additional alkaline or pH adjustment is required. More than half of the SS in the cassava stillage could be digested in the process when HRT was 5 days, which demonstrated the suitability of anaerobic treatment of cassava stillage without SS separation.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） were measured in precipitation from March to August 2005 in Guangzhou, South China. Fourteen PAHs were studied, and their total concentrations varied from 616.6 to 3486.7 ng/L...
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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） were measured in precipitation from March to August 2005 in Guangzhou, South China. Fourteen PAHs were studied, and their total concentrations varied from 616.6 to 3486.7 ng/L in dissolved phase and from 403.8 to 3125.5 ng/L in particulate phase. The estimated deposition loading of PAHs was 3568 ug/m^2 during the monitoring period. The deposition of PAHs was a potential source for Pearl River comparing with the contents of surface water. In addition, the high concentration in precipitation here implied that PAHs pollution was a potential environmental problem in Guangzhou. Most precipitation concentrations of PAHs in March （the last month in winter in Guangzhou） were higher than in the other months （in rainy season）. PAHs inclined to be adsorbed to particulate phase with the increase of molecular weight in rainwater. Combustion of fossil fuel and biomass might be the major source of PAHs, while the direct leakage or volatilization from petroleum products might be insignificant.
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