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Organic Phosphorus in Shallow Lake Sediments in Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River Area in China

Pedosphere 2008年第3期18卷 394-400页

作者： JIN Xiang-Can WANG Sheng-Rui CHU Jian-Zhou WU Feng-Chang State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control Research Center of Lake Eco-EnvironmentChinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing 100012 （China） Colleges of Resource and Environment Hebei Agriculture University Baoding 071001 （China） State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guiyang550002 （China）

Thirteen sediment core samples(0-10 cm) were taken from the seven lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River to determine the contents and distributions of organic phosphorus(P) fractions in the sediments of the shallow lakes in the *** organic P fractions in the sediments were in the order of moderately labile organic P(MLOP) > moderately resistant organic P(MROP) > highly resistant organic P(HROP) > labile organic P(LOP),with average proportional ratios of 13.2:2.8:1.3:***,MLOP,and MROP were significantly related to the contents of total organic carbon(TOC),water-soluble P(WSP),algal-available P(AAP),NaHCO3-extractable P(Olsen-P),total P(TP),organic P(OP),and inorganic P(IP).However,HROP was significantly related to OP and weakly correlated with TOC,WSP,AAP,Olsen-P,TP or *** suggested that organic P,especially LOP and MLOP in sediments,deserved even greater attention than IP in regards to lake *** terms of organic P,sediments were more hazardous than soils in lake *** OP concentrations were higher in moderately polluted sediment than those in heavily polluted sediment,LOP and MLOP were higher in the heavily polluted sediment,which indicated that heavily polluted sediment was more hazardous than moderately polluted sediment in lake eutrophication.

关键词： bioavailability chemical extracted phosphorus lake sediment middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River area organic phosphorus fractions

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Preparation of polymer-supported hydrated ferric oxide based on Donnan membrane effect and its application for arsenic removal

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Science China Chemistry 2008年第4期51卷 379-385页

作者： ZHANG QingJian PAN BingCai CHEN XinQing ZHANG WeiMing PAN BingJun ZHANG QuanXing L.LV X.S.ZHAO State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the EnvironmentNanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore10 Kent RidgeSingapore 119260Singapore 不详

In the present study a novel technique was proposed to prepare a polymer-supported hydrated ferric oxide (D201-HFO) based on Donnan membrane effect by using a strongly basic anion exchanger D201 as the host material and FeCl3-HCl-NaCl solution as the reaction environment. D201-HFO was found to exhibit higher capacity for arsenic removal than a commercial sorbent Purolite ArsenX. Furthermore, it presents favorable adsorption selectivity for arsenic removal from aqueous solution, as well as satis- factory kinetics. Fixed-bed column experiments showed that arsenic sorption on D201-HFO could re- sult in concentration of this toxic metalloid element below 10 μg/L, which was the new maximum con- centration limit set recently by the European Commission and imposed by the US EPA and China. Also, the spent D201-HFO is amenable to efficient regeneration by NaOH-NaCl solution.

关键词： hydrated ferrous oxide anion exchanger Donnan membrane effect arsenic sorption

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Extraction of copper from sewage sludge using biodegradable chelant EDDS

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2008年第8期20卷 970-974页

作者： ZHANG, Lihua ZHU, Zhiliang ZHANG, Ronghua ZHENG, Chengsong ZHANG, Hua QIU, Yanling ZHAO, Jianfu State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China Department of Chemistry and Biology Engineering Sanming College Sanming Fujian 365004 China Sanming Environment Protection Bureau Sanming Fujian 365004 China

[S,S]-Ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid(EDDS),a biodegradable chelant,was used to separate the heavy metals from the sewage sludge based on chemical extraction *** various conditions,the extraction experiments were carried out for the sewage sludge from Shanghai Taopu Municipal Wastewater Plant,*** influences ofpH and the concentration of EDDS on the extraction efficiency for copper(Cu)were *** results showed that EDDS had higher extraction efficiency for Cu from the sewage sludge ...

关键词： copper EDDS extraction sewage sludge biodegradable

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Quantifying social vulnerability for flood disasters of insurance company

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Journal of Southeast University(English Edition) 2008年第S1期24卷 147-150页

作者： Ge, Yi Liu, Jing Li, Fengying Shi, Peijun State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Natural Disaster Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

Social vulnerability assessments are largely ignored when compared with biophysical vulnerability assessments. This is mainly due to the fact that there are more difficulties in quantifying them. Aiming at several pitfalls still existing in the Hoovering approach which is widely accepted, a suitable modified model is provided. In this modified model, the integrated vulnerability is made an analogy to the elasticity coefficient of a spring, and an objective evaluation criterion is established. With the evaluation criterion, the assessment indicators of social vulnerability are filtered and their weight assignments are accomplished. There is an application in the city of Changsha where floods occur often. With the relative data from the PICC Hunan Province Branch, a generalized regression neural network model is established in Matlab 7.0 and used to evaluate a company's flood social vulnerability index (SoVI). The results show that the average flood social vulnerability in Yuhua district is the highest, while Yuelu district is the lowest. It is good for disaster risk management and decision-making of insurance companies.

关键词： social vulnerability index flood insurance generalized regression neural network (GRNN)

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Turnover and loss of nitrogenous compounds during composting of food wastes

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2008年第2期2卷 251-256页

作者： Yanmei YANG Xiangfeng ZHANG Zhifeng YANG Beidou XI Hongliang LIU College of River and Ocean Engineering Chongqing Jiaotong UniversityChongqing 400074China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing 100012China

Few people have so far explored into the research of the dynamics of various nitrogenous compounds(including water-soluble nitrogen)in composting of food *** study aimed to investigate the solid-phase nitrogen,water-soluble nitrogen,nitrogen loss together with ammonia volatilization in the process of food wastes composting.A laboratory scale static aerobic reactor in the experiment was employed in the composting process of a synthetic food waste,in which sawdust was used as the litter *** the experiment,oxygen was supplied by continuous forced ventilation for 15 *** results have shown that the concentrations of total nitrogen and organic nitrogen decrease significantly in the composting process,whereasNH_(4)^(+)-N concentration increases together with little fluctuation in NO_(3)^(-)-*** composting,the total content of the water-soluble nitrogen compounds in the compost greatly increased,the total nitrogen loss amounted to 50% of the initial nitrogen,mainly attributed to ammonia volatilization.56.7% of the total ammonia volatilization occurred in the middle and late composting of the thermophilic *** suggested that the control at the middle and late composting of thermophilic stage is the key to nitrogen loss in the food waste compost.

关键词： composting nitrogen transformation nitrogen loss ammonia volatilization

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A Comparative Analysis of environmental Quality Assessment Methods for Heavy Metal-Contaminated Soils

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Pedosphere 2008年第3期18卷 344-352页

作者： LI Wei-Xin ZHANG Xu-Xiang WU Bing SUN Shi-Lei CHEN Yan-Song PAN Wen-Yang ZHAO Da-Yong CHENG Shu-Pei State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the Environment Nanjing University Nanjing210093 （China） Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences State Environmental Protection Administration Nanjing 210042 （China） Department of Biology Anhui Institute of Education Hefei 230061 （China）

Four assessment methods （two pollution indexes and two fuzzy mathematical models） were employed to investigate the environmental quality of four soils around a ferroalloy plant in Nanjing City. environmental quality was assessed as class Ⅳ （moderately polluted） for each soil with single-factor index method, and was identified to be classes Ⅳ, Ⅲ （slightly polluted）, Ⅲ, and Ⅲ for soils A, B, C, and D, respectively, with the comprehensive index model. In comparison with the single-factor index method, the comprehensive index model concerned both dominant parameter and average contribution of all factors to the integrated environmental quality. Using the two fuzzy mathematical methods （single-factor deciding and weighted average models）, the environmental risks were determined to be classes Ⅳ, Ⅲ, Ⅱ （clean）, and Ⅱ for soils A, B, C, and D, respectively. However, divergence of the membership degree to each pollution class still occurred between the two methods. In fuzzy mathematical methods, membership functions were used to describe the limits between different pollution degrees, and different weights were allocated for the factors according to pollution contribution. Introduction of membership degree and weight of each factor to fuzzy mathematical models made the methods more reasonable in the field of environmental risk assessment.

关键词： environmental assessment fuzzy mathematical model heavy metal pollution pollution index method soil

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Algal-bloom control by allelopathy of aquatic macrophytes—A review

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2008年第4期2卷 421-438页

作者： Hongying HU Yu HONG Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China College of Environmental Science and Engineering Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China

Algal-bloom control is an important issue for water environment protection as it induces several negative impacts on the lives of aquatic organisms,aquaculture,landscaping,and human *** development of an environment-friendly,cost-effective,and convenient alternative for controlling algal bloom has gained much *** the allelopathy of aquatic macrophytes as a novel and safe method for algal-bloom control is a promising *** paper reviews the development and potential application about allelopathy of aquatic plants on algae,including the allelopathic research history,the potential research problems,the research methodology,and the reported aquatic macrophytes and their inhibitory *** modes of inhibition action of allelochemicals on algae,possible ways for application,and future development directions of research on algal-bloom control by aquatic macrophytes were also presented.

关键词： allelopathy allelochemical aquatic macrophyte algae algal bloom

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The impacts of agricultural and rural economic policy system on agricultural non-point source pollution in China

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Journal of environmental Science and Engineering 2008年第5期2卷 59-63页

作者： LIU Fang SHEN Zhen-yao GONG Yong-wei State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

Agricultural and rural economic policy system is one main driving force for the evolvement of agricultural Non-Point Source （NPS） pollution. In this paper, the main policies that influence agricultural NPS pollution are chosen, and a method to evaluate the impacts of agricultural and rural economic policy system on agricultural NPS pollution is brought forward. According to this, the questions about how and to what degree the policy system influence on agricultural NPS pollution are discussed.

关键词： agricultural and rural economic policy system agricultural non-point source pollution impact analysis

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Allelopathic inhibition on red tide microalgae Skeletonema costatum by five macroalgal extracts

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2008年第3期2卷 297-305页

作者： Zhen AN Zhenyu WANG Fengmin LI Zhijia TIAN Hongying HU Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology of Ministry of Education College of Environmental Science and EngineeringOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266003China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

This study aims to identify effective antialgal allelochemicals from marine macroalgae that inhibit the growth of red tide ***,new algicidal agents were developed to control red *** growth inhibitory effects of 5 marine macroalgae Porphyra tenera,Laminaria japonica,Ulva pertusa,Enteromorpha clathrata,and Undaria pinnatifida on Skeletonema costatum were evaluated by adding crude seawater extracts of macroalgal dry tissue into the culture medium containing *** half-effective concentrations at 120 h(EC_(50),120 h)of the seawater extracts were 0.6,0.9,1.0,1.0,and 4.7 g/L for the five macroalgae above,***,*** and *** showed strong allelopathic effect on the growth of *** have been no previous reports with regard to the allelopathic effects of the former two macroalgae so *** possible allelochemicals of 21 compounds of the *** were detected using Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)*** fatty acids,acrylic acid(C_(3)H_(4)O_(2)),and linolenic acid(C_(18)H_(30)O_(2))were the most likely allelochemicals in ***.

关键词： algae bloom allelopathy extract inhibitory effect macroalgae marine ecology Skeletonema costatum

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Enhanced atrazine removal using membrane bioreactor bioaugmented with genetically engineered microorganism

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2008年第4期2卷 452-460页

作者： Chun LIU Xia HUANG State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Hebei University of Science and TechnologyShijiazhuang 050018China

Bioaugmentation with genetically engineered microorganisms(GEMs)in a membrane bioreactor(MBR)for enhanced removal of recalcitrant pollutants was *** atrazine-degrading genetically engineered microorganism(GEM)with green fluorescent protein was inoculated into an MBR and the effects of such a bioaugmentation strategy on atrazine removal were *** results show that atrazine removal was improved greatly in the bioaugmented MBR compared with a control *** a start-up period of 6 days,average 94.7%of atrazine was removed in bioaugmentedMBRwhen atrazine concentration of influent was 14.5 mg/*** volumetric removal rates increased linearly followed by atrazine loading increase and the maximum was 65.5 mg/(L?d).No negative effects were found on COD removal although carbon oxidation activity of bioaugmented sludge was lower than that of common *** inoculation,adsorption to sludge flocs was favorable for GEM *** GEM population size initially decreased shortly and then was kept constant at about 104–105 CFU/*** of micro-organisms played an important role in the decay of the GEM *** leakage from MBR was less than 102 CFU/mL initially and was then *** contrast,in a conventionally activated sludge bioreactor(CAS),sludge bulking occurred possibly due to atrazine exposure,resulting in bioaugmentation failure and serious GEM *** MBR was superior to CAS in atrazine bioaugmentation treatment using GEM.

关键词： genetically-engineered microorganism(GEM) membrane bioreactor(MBR) atrazine

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