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Artificial humic acid produced from wet distillers grains in a microwave-assisted hydrothermal process: Physicochemical characteristics and stimulation to plant growth

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Chemosphere 2024年 364卷 142979页

作者： Lei, Tianlong Su, Jie Chang, Luyi He, Rui Shan, Guangchun Jiang, Xiaomei Lei, Yunhui Guo, Xiaobo Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Chengdu610041 China Research Center for Rural Energy and Ecology Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science Chengdu610041 China Tarim Oilfield Company PetroChina Korla841000 China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment and State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing100012 China State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment School of Environment Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150090 China

Wet distillers grains, as a waste biomass with a large annual output, pose a threat to the environment and food industry. Herein, artificial humic acid (AHA) was first produced from wet distillers grains in a dual-stage microwave-assisted hydrothermal process. The influence of temperature on AHA's characteristics was investigated and compared with natural humic acid (NHA) and standard humic acid (SHA). A high yield of AHA at 20.6% was obtained at 200 °C with a total reaction time of 1 h, which is 1.8–3.1 times that obtained in traditional single-stage hydrothermal process. Increasing the reaction temperature induced the formation of phenolic hydroxyl in AHA. AHA was rich in aromaticity and carboxylic acid structure, showing similar spectral characteristics to NHA. The distribution of molecular weight of AHA was mostly 5797 Da, which decreased by 15% compared to SHA. The optimal concentration of AHA to promote seedling growth was 0.2 g/L, and the root length was 2.0 times that of the control. The microwave hydrothermal process is a facile and efficient approach to preparing AHA from waste biomass with high moisture content. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Microwave heating

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CRITICAL PROCESSES AND MAJOR FACTORS THAT DRIVE NITROGEN TRANSPORT FROM FARMLAND TO SURFACE WATER BODIES

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2023年第4期10卷 541-552页

作者： Wenchao LI Wen XU Gaofei YIN Xulin ZHANG Zihan ZHANG Bin XI Qiuliang LEI Limei ZHAI Qiang ZHANG Linzhang YANG Hongbin LIU College of Resources and Environmental Sciences State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and RegulationKey Laboratory for Farmland Eco-Environment of HebeiHebei Agricultural UniversityBaoding 071001China. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences National Academy of Agriculture Green DevelopmentKey Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions(Ministry of Education)China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Rural Energy and Environment Agency Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsBeijing 100125China. Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Pollution Control(Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Heze Kingenta Ecological Engineering Co. Ltd.Heze 274000China Key Laboratory of Agro-environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain(Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjing 210014China.

Agricultural non-point source pollution is increasingly an important issue affecting surface water ***,the majority of the studies on nitrogen loss have focused on the agricultural field scale,however,the response of surface water quality at the watershed scale into the nitrogen loss at the field scale is poorly *** present study systematically reviewed the critical processes and major factors that nitrogen transport from farm fields to surface water *** critical processes of farmland nitrogen entering surface water bodies involve the processes of nitrogen transport from farmland to ditches and the transformation processes of nitrogen during migration in ditches/*** transport from farmland to ditches is one of the prerequisites and critical processes for farmland nitrogen transport to surface water *** transformation of nitrogen forms in ditches/rivers is an intermediate process in the migration of nitrogen from farmland to surface water *** loss from farmland is related to soil storage and exogenous ***,nitrogen input management should not only consider the current input,but also the contribution of soil storage due to the historical ***/rivers have a strong retention capacity for nitrogen,which will significantly affect the process of farmland nitrogen entering surface water *** factors affecting nitrogen transformation in river/ditches can be placed in four categories:(1)factors affecting hydraulic retention time,(2)factors affecting contact area,(3)factors affecting biological activity,and(4)forms and amount of nitrogen loading to river/*** systems are more biologically(including plants and microbes)active than rivers with biological factors having a greater influence on nitrogen *** developing pollution prevention and control strategies,ecological ditches can be constructed to increase biological activity and reduce the amount of surplus ni

关键词： nitrogen loss from soil transformation farm field scale watershed scale

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Removal performance,mechanisms,and influencing factors of biochar for air pollutants:a critical review

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Biochar 2022年第1期4卷 678-701页

作者： Zhipeng Zhao Bing Wang Benny K.G.Theng Xinqing Lee Xueyang Zhang Miao Chen Peng Xu College of Resource and Environmental Engineering Guizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025China Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment Ministry of EducationGuiyang 550025China Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research Palmerston NorthNew Zealand State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuiyang 550081China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Industrial Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of Environmental EngineeringXuzhou University of TechnologyXuzhou 221018China

The emission of air pollutants from various industries is a major contributor to environmental *** removal of these pollutants before they are discharged into the environment has become an important means of controlling air *** has attracted increasing attention because of its low cost,high porosity,large specific surface area,abundant surface functional groups,and high removal *** physicochemical properties of biochar are greatly affected by feedstock types,preparation,and modification *** this reason,the capacity and propensity of biochar for removing air pollutants are rather *** understand the existing research status and grasp the latest research progress,a systematic review on the removal of different air pollutants by biochar is highly *** on the recent research,this paper systematically analyzes and summarizes the preparation and modification methods of biochar commonly used for the removal of six air pollutants(SO_(2),H_(2)S,CO_(2),Hg0,VOCs,and NH_(3)),as well as the removal performance and ***,the potential influencing factors(preparation parameters,physicochemical characteristics of biochar,and removal conditions)are ***,the regeneration of biochar,suggestions,and future perspectives are proposed.

关键词： Biochar Modification Air pollutants Removal performance Removal mechanisms Influencing factors

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Biochar-supported nano-scale zerovalent iron activated persulfate for remediation of aromatic hydrocarbon-contaminated soil:an in-situ pilot-scale study

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Biochar 2022年第1期4卷 122-133页

作者： Yu Zeng Tai Li Yingzhi Ding Guodong Fang Xiaolei Wang Bo Ye Liqiang Ge Juan Gao Yujun Wang Dongmei Zhou Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008People’s Republic of China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049People’s Republic of China School of Environmental and Safety Engineering Changzhou UniversityChangzhou 213164China School of Earth and Environment Anhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainan 232001People’s Republic of China Geological Survey of Jiangsu Province Nanjing 210018People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the EnvironmentNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023People’s Republic of China

Biochar supported nano-scale zerovalent iron(nZVI/BC)for persulfate(PS)activation has been studied extensively for the degradation of pollutants on the lab scale,but it was rarely applied in practical soil remediation in the *** this research,we developed a facile ball-milling method for the mass production of nZVI/BC,which was successfully applied to activate persulfate for the remediation of organic polluted soil on an in-situ pilot ***-situ high-pressure injection device was developed to inject nZVI/BC suspension and PS solution into the soil with a depth of 0-70 *** removal efficiency of target pollutants such as 2-ethylnitrobenzene(ENB,1.47-1.56 mg/kg),biphenyl(BP,0.19-0.21 mg/kg),4-(methylsulfonyl)toluene(MST,0.32-0.43 mg/kg),and 4-phenylphenol(PP,1.70-2.46 mg/kg)at different soil depths was 99.7%,99.1%,99.9%and 99.7%,respectively,after 360 days of *** application of nZVI/BC significantly increased the degradation rates of contaminants by 11-322%,ascribed to its relatively higher efficiency of free radical generation than that of control *** addition,it was found that nZVI/BC-PS inhibited soil urease and sucrase enzyme activities by 1-61%within 55 days due to the oxidative stress for microbes induced by free radicals,while these inhibition effects disappeared with remediation time prolonged(>127 days).Our research provides a useful implementation case of remediation with nZVI/BC-PS activation and verifies its feasibility in practical contaminated soil remediation.

关键词： Persulfate Biochar Nanoscale zerovalent iron Pilot-scale Enzyme activities

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control locations confuse evaluation of passivation effects of iron-based biochar and selenium applications on wheat grain cadmium accumulation in a Cd-contaminated weakly alkaline soil

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Pedosphere 2025年第3期35卷 549-559页

作者： JING, Feng GAO, Yan LI, Hongbo FAN, Guangping ZHANG, Qingya GAO, Xuezhen ZHOU, Dongmei State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of Environment Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Nanjing 210014 China Jiangsu DDBS Environmental Remediation Co. Ltd. Nanjing 210012 China

Inhibiting cadmium (Cd) accumulation in wheat grains could reduce the risk of human exposure to Cd. This study conducted a field experiment and evaluated the effects of iron (Fe)-based biochar and selenium (Se) applications alone or in combination on Cd accumulation in wheat grains in a Cd-contaminated weakly alkaline soil of rice-wheat rotation farmland. Considering soil Cd heterogeneity in the field, we set up 22 replicates of control (CK) and three replicates of each Fe-based biochar and/or Se treatment. Results clearly showed that the CK locations could greatly affect the evaluation of whether the difference in the wheat grain Cd concentration between treatments and CK was significant. There was an insignificant difference in the wheat grain Cd concentration between the treatment and the adjacent CK replicates. Although soil Se application at 2 mg kg⁻¹ and foliar Se application at 4 mg L⁻¹ significantly increased the grain Se concentration as compared with the adjacent CK replicates, they still could not reduce the Cd concentration in wheat grains. However, when compared to the CK replicates that had the highest grain Cd concentration, foliar and soil applications of Se could significantly reduce the wheat grain Cd concentration by 47.7% and 41.3%–46.1%, respectively. No matter which CK replicates were selected, the application of Fe-based biochar had no significant impact on Cd accumulation in wheat grains, and there was no significant difference in diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid-Cd concentration between the Fe-based biochar treatment and adjacent CK replicates. In conclusion, applying Fe-based biochar and Se in the field could not reduce the Cd accumulation in wheat grains in Cd-contaminated weakly alkaline soils. © 2025 Soil Science Society of China

关键词： field experiment foliar Se application Se accumulation soil Cd heterogeneity toxic metal wheat Cd

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Emerging strategies of anti-scaling cathodes for direct saline water electrolysis

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Separation and Purification Technology 2025年 374卷

作者： Xia, Fan Wu, Shuai Wang, Weilong Luo, Jiayi Zhao, Yuchen Sheng, Hongyi Zhao, Kun Li, Hongli Yu, Hongtao School of Environmental Science and Technology Dalian University of Technology Dalian116024 China Center for Water and Ecology State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China College of Environmental Science and Engineering North China Electric Power University Beijing102206 China Petrochina Lanzhou Petrochemical Company Lanzhou730060 China

Direct saline water electrolysis has potential applications in industrial wastewater treatment, circulating cooling water softening, hydrogen evolution from seawater, lithium extraction from salt lakes, and so on. However, direct electrolysis is getting into trouble with cathodic scaling. This review focuses on recent advancements of anti-scaling methods and their working mechanisms, such as isolating Ca2+ and Mg2+ from cathodes, confining OH− to cathodic Lewis-acid sites or repelling OH− away from cathodes, intensifying homogeneous nucleation of CaCO3 and Mg(OH)2 in solution, making automatic detachment of scale crystals from cathodes feasible. This review provides a comprehensive summary for how to endow cathodes anti-scaling function, which is expected to promote the practical application of direct saline water electrolysis. © 2025

关键词： Brines

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Prediction of free radical reactions toward organic pollutants with easily accessible molecular descriptors

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Chemosphere 2024年 346卷 140660页

作者： Zhang, Guoyang Zhu, Qiang Zheng, Hongcen Zhang, Shujuan Ma, Jing State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of Environment Nanjing University Nanjing210023 China Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing210023 China

Machine learning (ML) is becoming an efficient tool for predicting the fate of aquatic contaminants owing to the preponderance of big data. However, whether ML can "learn" the differences in reactivity among different free radicals has not yet been tested. In this work, the effectiveness of combining ML algorithms with molecular fingerprints to predict the reactivity of three free radicals was evaluated. First, a dataset containing 211 organic pollutants and their respective rate constants with the carbonate radical (CO3•−) was used to develop predictive models using both linear regression and ML methods. The use of topological atomic alignment information, in the form of the molecular access system (MACCS) and Morgan Fingerprint, and the electronic structure features (energy levels of the lowest unoccupied and highest occupied molecular orbitals, ELUMO and EHOMO, and the energy gap between ELUMO and EHOMO) gave satisfactory predictive performances (ML model with Random Forest algorithm with MACCS: RMSEtest = 0.787;linear regression model with energy levels: RMSEtest = 0.641). Additionally, the model interpretation correctly described that the key reactivity features for CO3•− were relatively close to those for SO4•− rather than those for •OH. These results suggest that combination of ML algorithms with easily accessible molecular fingerprints would be a powerful tool to accurately predict the radical reactions towards organic compounds. © 2023

关键词： Forecasting

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Non-covalent interaction of atomically dispersed dual-site catalysts featuring Co and Ni nascent pair sites for efficient electrocatalytic overall water splitting

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第11期178卷 210-225页

作者： Imran Khan Yaogang Chen Zhiyang Li Wenjie Liu Salman Khan Sami Ullah Linlin Liu Amir Zada Sharafat Ali Shabana Shaheen Lei Yang State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and ControlSchool of Civil and Environmental EngineeringHarbin Institute of Technology ShenzhenShenzhen 518055China School of Physics and Electronics Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China CNAS Accredited Test Center Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Air PurificationHealthlead Co.Ltd.Shenzhen 518055China Key laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of ChinaHeilongjiang UniversityHarbin 150080China K.A.CARE Energy Research&Innovation Center(ERIC) King Fahd University of Petroleum&Minerals(KFUPM)Dhahran 31261Saudi Arabia Department of Chemistry Abdul Wali Khan UniversityMardanKhyber Pakhtunkhwa 23200Pakistan School of Physics University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 610054China

The scarcity of highly effective and economical catalysts is a major impediment to the widespread adop-tion of electrochemical water splitting for the generation of ***_(2),a low-cost candidate,suffers from inefficient catalytic ***,a captivating strategy has emerged,which involves the en-gineering of heteroatom doping to enhance electrochemical *** investigation demonstrates a successful implementation of the strategy by combining ultrathin MoS_(2) nanosheets with Co and Ni dual single multi-atoms(DSMAs)grown directly on 2D N-doped carbon nanosheets(CoNi-MoS_(2)/NCNs)for the purpose of improving hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER).With the aid of a dual-atom doped bifunctional electrocatalyst,effective water splitting has been achieved across a broad pH range in *** double doping of Co and Ni strengthens their interactions,thereby altering the electromagnetic composition of the host MoS_(2) and ultimately leading to improved electrocat-alytic ***,the synergistic effect between NCNs and MoS_(2) nanosheets provided efficient electron transport channels for ions and an ample surface area with open voids for ion ***-sequently,the CoNi-MoS_(2)/NCNs catalysts demonstrated exceptional stability and activity,producing low degree overpotentials of 180.5,124.9,and 196.4 mV for HER and 200,203,and 207 mV for OER in neu-tral,alkaline,and acidic mediums,respectively,while also exhibiting outstanding overall water-splitting performance,durability,and stability when used as an electrolyzer at universal pH.

关键词： Multifunctional catalyst Water splitting Functionalized carbon nanosheets Interface engineering pH-universal electrocatalysis

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Existence of Hydroxymethanesulfonate (Hms) During Spring Haze and Sandstorm Events in Beijing: Implications for a Heterogeneous Formation Pathway on Mineral Aerosols

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Xu, Yunzhi Ma, Tao Duan, Fengkui Wang, Shuxiao Jiang, Jingkun Cheng, Yafang Su, Hang An, Taicheng Ma, Yongliang Kimoto, Takashi Huang, Tao He, Kebin State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control School of Environmental Science and Engineering Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou510006 China Minerva Research Group Max Planck Institute for Chemistry Mainz55128 Germany Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100029 China Kimoto Electric Co. Ltd. 3-1 Funahashi-Cho Tennouji-Ku Osaka543-0024 Japan

Hydroxymethylsulfonate (HMS) is an abundant secondary organic aerosol from aqueous/heterogeneous processes and may be misidentified as sulfate in conventional measurements. High concentrations of HMS have been observed in humid winter and autumn haze in northern China, while its prevalence in other seasons is unclear and the production medium is controversial. In this study, our field measurements in Beijing during the 2021 spring first showed the presence of HMS in PM2.5 during both haze and sandstorm events despite the different atmospheric conditions. HMS accounted for 0.44% of PM2.5 during haze periods, higher than the proportion (0.097%) during sandstorms. The sum of HMS and sulfate was also higher during the haze (6.5 μg m−3) than during the sandstorm (2.6 μg m−3), while the HMS/sulfate molar ratio during the haze (0.021) was similar to the value during the sandstorm (0.019). HMS concentration showed a good positive correlation with aerosol water content (AWC), indicating heterogeneous production. During haze periods, relatively high AWC favored the formation of HMS. In contrast, relative humidity and AWC decreased significantly during sandstorm events, while high pH favored HMS formation. In addition, higher concentrations and proportions of HMS were observed in PM2.5−10 than in PM2.5. The presence of HMS in dust particles indicated a heterogeneous formation mechanism of HMS on mineral aerosols. Our findings broaden the prevalence of HMS in aerosols and indicate a new HMS formation mechanism from the perspective of observation. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Aerosols

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Effective Oxidation and Adsorption of As(Iii) in Water by Nanoconfined Ce-Mn Binary Oxides with Excellent Reusability

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Qiu, Shun Chen, Zhanxun Yu, Ling Liu, Chuying Ji, Chenghan Shen, Pengfei Cheng, Sikai Qiu, Hui Fang, Zhuoyao Zhang, Xiaolin Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control School of Environmental Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Nanjing210044 China College of Civil Engineering Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing210037 China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the Environment Nanjing University Nanjing210023 China

Herein, a highly efficient As(III) purifier Ce-Mn@N201 with excellent reusability was developed by stepwise precipitating hydrated cerium oxides (HCO) and hydrated manganese oxides (HMO) inside N201, a widely-used gel-type anion exchange resin. Owing to confinement of unique nanopores in N201, the in-situ generated nanoparticles (NPs) inside Ce-Mn@N201 were highly dispersed with ultra-small sizes of around 2.6 nm. Results demonstrated that HMO NPs effectively oxidized As(III) to As(V), with most of generated Mn2+ being re-adsorbed onto the negatively-charged surface of HMO NPs. During the regeneration process by simple alkaline treatment, the re-adsorbed Mn2+ was firstly precipitated as (hydr)oxides of Mn(II) and then oxidized to HMO NPs by dissolved oxygen to fully refresh its oxidation capacity. Though HCO NPs mainly served as adsorbent for arsenic, they could partially oxidize As(III) to As(V) at the beginning, while the oxidation capacities continuously diminished with the irreversible conversion of Ce(IV) to Ce(III). In 10 consecutive adsorption-regeneration cycle, Ce-Mn@N201 efficiently decontaminated As(III) from 500 μg/L to below 5 μg/L with Mn2+ leaching less than 0.3% per batch. During 3 cyclic fixed-bed adsorptions, Ce-Mn@N201 steadily produced 8500-9150 bed volume (BV) and 3150-3350 BV drinkable water from the synthesized and real groundwater, respectively, with negligible Mn leaching. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Manganese oxide

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