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Exogenous Application of Hesperidin Ameliorates Chromium Toxicity in Wheat Irrigated with Tannery Wastewater

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2025年第3期94卷 929-951页

作者： Gohar Ayoub Shafaqat Ali Muhammad Arslan Ashraf Shoaib Ahmad Mohamed A.El-Sheikh Department of Environmental Sciences Government College University FaisalabadFaisalabad38000Pakistan Department of Biological Sciences and Technology China Medical UniversityTaichung40402Taiwan Department of Botany Government College University FaisalabadFaisalabad38000Pakistan Department of Plant Biotechnology College of Life SciencesKorea UniversitySeoul02841Republic of Korea State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the EnvironmentNanjing UniversityNanjing210023China Botany and Microbiology Department College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11451Saudi Arabia

Chromium (Cr), a persistent soil pollutant, has detrimental effects on plants and living things, and its contamination in soil increased as a result of human-induced activities. Pakistan suffers from a lack of fresh water supplies;hence most people use metal-containing water and wastewater to irrigate their crops. Exposure to Cr toxicity, the plant reduces their morphological and physiological growth which ultimately decreases crop productivity. The current study was designed to investigate the foliar application of hesperidin (HSP) at varying effluent rates (25, 50, 75, and 100 mg L^(−1)) on wheat growth under tannery wastewater irrigated soil. Cr toxicity caused a change in the concentration of chlorophyll molecules, indicating early signs of stress. Modifications in the ultrastructure of chloroplasts, the elevated activity of chlorophyllase, and the generation of reactive oxygen species were causing the reduction in chlorophyll. Cr stress disrupted total soluble protein concentrations and the activity of antioxidation-related enzymes and NRA, suggesting the onset of oxidative stress. On the other hand, the application of HSP reduced oxidative damage by improving protein concentration (37%), chlorophyll concentration (37%), and antioxidant enzyme activity such as CAT (65%), SOD (46%), and POD (68%). Furthermore, HSP raised the concentrations of non-enzymatic antioxidant molecules, which may indicate better redox homeostasis and stress tolerance. These molecules include GSH, GSSG, ascorbic acid, flavonoids, phenolics, and anthocyanins. HSP therapy lessened the impact of Cr stress on lipid peroxidation markers. HSP enhanced these measures during the investigation. Cr stress raised the concentrations of total free amino acids and nitrogen oxide and decreased the radical scavenging activity in wheat. Cr stress raised the concentration of all soluble sugars, primarily reducing and non-reducing sugars, whereas the application of HSP strengthened these osmo protectants e

关键词： Chlorophyll concenttration foliar application hesperidin heavy metal.oxidant SPAD stress wheat crop

Field measurement of the organic peroxy radicals by the low-pressure reactor plus laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2020年第10期31卷 2799-2802页

作者： Shule Li Keding Lu Xuefei Ma Xinping Yang Shiyi Chen Yuanhang Zhang State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

A low-pressure reactor(LPR) was developed for the measurement of ambient organic peroxy(RO2)radicals with the use of the laser-induced fluorescence(LIF) *** reactor converts all the RO_(x)(=RO2+HO2+RO+OH) radicals into HO2 *** can conduct different measurement modes through altering the reagent gases,achieving the speciated measurement of RO2 and RO2^#(RO2 radicals derived from the long-chain alkane,alkene and aromatic hydrocarbon).An example of field measurement results was given,with a maximum concentration of 1.88 × 10^(8) molecule/cm^(3) for RO2 and 1.18×10^(8) molecule/cm^(3) for RO2^(#).Also,this instrument quantifies the local ozone production rates directly,which can help to deduce the regional ozone control strategy from an experimental *** new device can se rve as a potent tool for both the explo ration of frontier chemistry and the diagnosis of the control strategies.

关键词： Organic peroxy radicals Flow tube reactor LIF RO_(2)measurement Field observation Ozone production rate

Combination of suspect and nontarget screening with exposure assessment for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance prioritization in Chinese municipal wastewater

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environment International 2025年 198卷 109384页

作者： Mu, Hongxin Chen, Ling Zhou, Rong Gu, Luyao Yu, Yue Tang, Jin Zhang, Houhu Ren, Hongqiang Wu, Bing Bu, Yuanqing Research Center of Solid Waste Pollution and Prevention Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science Ministry of Ecology and Environment Nanjing210042 China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of Environment Nanjing University Nanjing210023 China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology 219 Ningliu Road Nanjing210044 China

Municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are significant sources of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in aquatic environments, making their identification and priority rank crucial for risk control. Wastewater samples were collected from 148 municipal WWTPs in China to determine the occurrence and risk prioritization of PFASs. A total of 61 PFASs were identified, including 14 legacy and 47 emerging PFASs, using machine learning prediction-enhanced suspect and nontarget screening techniques. PFASs were detected in all wastewater samples, with perfluorocarboxylic acid (PFCA), perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA), fluoromeric sulfonic acid (FTSA), and perfluoroalkyl sulfonamide-like (PFSM) substances being the predominant classes. The exposure loads of legacy and emerging PFASs to the Chinese population were 71.8 and 52.9 μg·day−1·people−1, respectively, and textile and clothing products might be the primary PFAS exposure pathways. Through a risk prioritization method integrating toxicity and exposure data, ten legacy and five emerging PFASs were flagged as high-priority substances requiring additional attention. As the PFAS risk removal efficiency by conventional biological treatment processes was only 0.7 %, the PFAS risk priority patterns in influent and effluent were similar (r = 0.86, p © 2025 The Author(s)

关键词： Wastewater treatment

High Emission of Black Carbon in Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles: Insights from Microscopic Operating Conditions

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Chen, Ting He, Xiao He, Liqiang Q. You, Yan Zeng, Lewei Gao, Mingqiu Cao, Yihuan Li, Zhenhua Zheng, Xuan Zhang, Shaojun Wu, Ye College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen518060 China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing100012 China National Observation and Research Station of Coastal Ecological Environments in Macao Macao Environmental Research Institute Macau University of Science and Technology Macao999078 China Co. Ltd. Guangzhou511300 China School of Environment State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China

The in-depth investigation of the high black carbon (BC) emission scenarios of heavy-duty diesel vehicles (HDDVs) is a crucial step toward developing effective control strategies. Chassis dynamometer tests were conducted for three in-use HDDVs, namely, vehicle #1, #2, and #3, focusing on the instantaneous BC characterizations during multiple driving conditions, i.e., speed phases and acceleration intervals. BC emission was found to increase with positive acceleration, and high acceleration could result in instantaneous BC spikes. The total BC emissions during velocity-acceleration interval 15-60 km h-1 and 0.1-0.9 m s-2 contributed to 43.4 ± 10.2% of the whole-cycle emissions, while the proportions of time spent in the velocity-acceleration interval to the whole cycle were 23.1 ± 7.6%. The cold-start microscopic operating condition was assessed by the cold-start extra emissions (CSEEs). Under various pre-defined cold-start durations, the proportions of CSEEs in the total cycle emissions were 9.4-21.0%, 0-9.1%, and 6.8-39.4% for vehicles #1, #2, and #3, respectively. The CSEEs exhibited an initial rise, followed by a plateau as the assumed cold-start durations extended. A uniform cold-start duration of 600 s was established based on the criterion that the relative standard deviation (RSD) of CSEEs during the plateau period was less than 10%. We proposed that the updated cold-start duration can enhance the accuracy and consistency of cold-start corrections in emission inventory models. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Acceleration

Promotional Effect of Doping Aluminum on the Sulfated Fe2o3 Catalyst in Nh3-Scr Reaction

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Wang, Xuping Fang, Siyong Zhang, Lei Ma, Menglan Li, Mingjing Huang, Yangyang Li, Tingzhen Zhang, Liuyi Zou, Weixin Key Laboratory of Water Environment Evolution and Pollution Control in the Three Gorges Reservoir School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Chongqing Three Gorges University Chongqing404000 China Chongqing Chemical Industry Vocational College Chongqing401220 China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of Environment Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control Nanjing University Nanjing210023 China

FemAlnOx catalysts were synthesized by the co-precipitation method and sulfated by (NH4)2SO4 impregnation method. Among the catalysts, 1.2S/Fe3Al1Ox exhibits more than 90% NO conversion in the range of 260−410 ℃ both in the catalytic activity and the resistance to K poisoning testing. Structures and physicochemical properties of catalysts were measured via different characterization techniques. Through comparative studies between 1.2S/Fe2O3 and 1.2S/Fe3Al1Ox, it is found that doping Al into Fe2O3 can reduce its particle size, increase its specific surface area, and suppress the formation of crystalline phase Fe2(SO4)3 at high calcination temperature, which is propitious to generate more surface sulfates on FemAlnOx. NH3-TPD and in-situ DRIFTS prove that K ions preferentially interact with surface sulfates, and more surface sulfates can provide more Brönsted acid sites to obtain higher ability of resistance to K poisoning. This work provides a simple strategy to improve the catalytic performances of Fe-based catalysts. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Catalyst activity

Impact of Mixed Benzene Site Exposure on Bioaccessibility in Simulated Lung Fluids and Health Risk Assessment

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Ma, Xuemin Wang, Ying Chen, Shuhe Wu, Changyong Wang, Weipeng Wang, Yue Engineering Research Center of Environmental Pollution Control Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing100012 China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing100012 China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing100012 China College of Urban and Rural Construction Agricultural University of Hebei Baoding071001 China

Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) are major volatile organic compounds (VOCs) associated with petroleum production, posing significant health risks via inhalation. Conventional risk assessments primarily focus on single-compound or single-concentration exposures, overlooking the complex mixed-exposure scenarios prevalent at contaminated sites. This study refines health risk assessment frameworks by incorporating bioaccessibility-driven indices for inhalation exposure. Using a membrane oxygenator system, benzene and ethylbenzene were evaluated as representative pollutants under single and mixed exposures at low (5 mg/kg), medium (10 mg/kg), and high (20 mg/kg) concentrations. Results revealed significantly enhanced bioaccessibility of benzene and ethylbenzene in simulated lung fluid under mixed exposure compared to single exposure (P © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Lung cancer

One representative water supply system in China with nitrosamine concern: Challenges and treatment strategies

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2020年第2期32卷 12-20页

作者： Yu Qiu Er Bei Yufang Wang Jun Wang Xiaojian Zhang Chao Chen State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution College of Environmental Science and EngineeringBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China Research Institute for Environmental Innovation(Suzhou) TsinghuaSuzhou 215163China

Four sampling campaigns were conducted in two years to understand the fluctuation of N-Nitrosamines(NAs) and their precursors in one drinking water treatment plant(DWTP) in East China in different *** water supply system has been facing several nitrosamine challenges related with source water, including the switch of water source,high concentration of ammonium, formed NAs and NA formation potential(FP) in source ***, the use of ozonation in the DWTP and chloramination in networks will increase the NDMA concentration in tap *** address these challenges, the biopretreatment was applied in this DWTP to decrease the concentration of ammonium and *** following biological activated carbon(BAC) will neutralize the nitrosamine increase brought by *** use of free chlorine in disinfection process will also decrease the NDMA formation compared with *** results will benefit other cities in China and other countries with similar impacted water sources.

关键词： Drinking water treatment plant Formation potential Networks N-Nitrosamines Precursor

Unexpected SO2 Photooxidation on Quantum-Sized Carbon

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Journal of the American Chemical Society 2025年第24期147卷 20548-20558页

作者： Zhang, Peng Wang, Liang Guo, Huazhang Li, Hao Wang, Shuying Shan, Yulong Chen, Tianzeng Chu, Biwu Ma, Qingxin Wang, Yonghong Yu, Yunbo Wu, Minghong Francisco, Joseph S. He, Hong State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 China College of Environment & Safety Engineering Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China Department of Earth and Environmental Science Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia 19104-6316 PA United States State Key Laboratory of Advanced Environmental Technology Institute of Urban Environment Xiamen 361021 China

Surface photochemistry of carbon quantum dots (CQD) under atmospheric conditions remains poorly understood. Here, we systematically investigate the photoreactivity of CQD in the presence of SO2 and reveal that CQD photoageing and its interaction with SO2 occur independently of O2. Through a combined experimental and theoretical approach, we demonstrate that these unexpected surface reactions are driven by unique energy transfer and photocatalytic processes induced by photoexcited CQD. key reactive intermediates─photogenerated hole, hydroxyl radical, sulfite radical, and carbon-centered radical─are identified as critical drivers of CQD surface photooxidation. This discovery provides new insights into the unresolved atmospheric photochemistry of flame-formed fresh soot, advances our understanding of photocatalytic processes on synthetic nanosized carbon materials, and offers clues to the origins of sulfated carbonaceous chondrites in interstellar media. © 2025 American Chemical Society.

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Submerged Macrophyte Promoted Nitrogen Removal Function of Biofilms in Constructed Wetland

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Jiang, Xue Wang, Mengmeng He, Di Zhu, Jinling Yang, Shunqing Fang, Fei Yang, Liuyan State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of Environment Nanjing University Nanjing210023 China School of Resources and Environment Anqing Normal University Anqing246133 China

Biofilm is one of the important factors affecting nitrogen removal in constructed wetlands (CWs). However, the impact of submerged macrophyte on nitrogen transformation of biofilms on leaves of submerged macrophyte and matrix remains poorly understood. In the study, the CWs with Vallisneria natans and with artificial plant were established to investigate the effects of submerged macrophyte on nitrogen transformation and the composition of nitrogen cycling bacteria to probe nitrogen removal functions of biofilms under high ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) loading. The average removal rates of total nitrogen and NH4+-N in CW with V. natans reached 71.38% and 82.08%, respectively, showing increases by 24.19% and 28.79% compared with the control with artificial plant. Scanning electron microscope images indicated that high NH4+-N damaged leaf cells, resulting in the release of cellular contents which increased aqueous total organic carbon in CW with V. natans. However, the specific surface area and carrier function of V. natans were unaffected within 25 days. As a kind of natural organic matters, submerged macrophyte provided organic matters for the bacterial growth in biofilms in CW. Bacterial composition analysis revealed that the phylum Proteobacteria was predominant in CW with V. natans. The numbers of nitrifiers and denitrifiers in leaf biofilms reached 1.66 × 105 cells/g and 1.05 × 107 cells/g, as well as 2.79 × 105 cells/g and 7.41 × 107 cells/g in matrix biofilms, respectively. Submerged macrophyte elevated the numbers of nitrogen-converting bacteria and promoted the expression of nitrification (amoA and hao) and denitrification genes (napA, nirS and nosZ) in leaf biofilms and matrix biofilms, which facilitated nitrogen conversion in CW with V. natans. Therefore, this study highlighted the effects of submerged macrophyte on biofilm functions, providing a scientific basis for the nitrogen removal of biofilms in CWs. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Wetlands