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Propagation characteristics and laws of RDX dust detonation

Particuology 2025年第3期98卷 215-230页

作者： Hanzheng Gong Qi Zhang Jingkun Zou State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China

Compared with industrial dust,explosions involving hexogen(RDX)dust result in more severe *** the explosion characteristics of RDX dust cloud in confined spaces is essential for improving industrial safety and military disaster *** this study,a two-dimensional pipeline model was established using numerical simulation methods to investigate the effects of RDX concentration,ignition energy,pipeline length,and length-to-diameter ratio on the characteristics of RDX dust *** results show that the essence of RDX dust explosions is a violent gas-phase chain exothermic reaction,with high-energy decomposition at its *** explosion intensity increases non-linearly as ignition energy *** RDX concentrations of 100,200,300,and 400 g/m^(3),the time required to form a stable detonation decreases as the RDX dust concentration *** the ignition energy is in the range of 57.23 mJ to 10.1 J,changes in ignition energy have no significant impact on the energy released by the RDX explosion if the ignition energy is ***,at high ignition energy,the explosive hazard of RDX increases *** pipeline length increases,the stable detonation pressure and propagation velocity of the detonation wave essentially unchanged,but the rebound pressure on the pipeline wall gradually *** cases of high length-to-diameter ratios,a flame front reversal phenomenon occurs during the combustion process of RDX *** addition,a new dust rapid-filling method was developed using the C language,which enables rapid and uniform dust filling in combustion simulations.

关键词： RDX dust Detonation Deflagration-to-detonation transition RDX dust concentration Ignition energy

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Tuning thermal stability and mechanical sensitivity of polynitro compounds via integrating energetic ionic salts

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Energetic Materials Frontiers 2025年第1期6卷 59-66页

作者： Xu, Mei-Qi Dong, Wen-Shuai Lu, Zu-Jia Li, Cong Zhang, Chao Zhao, Bin-Shan Li, Deng-Ke Tian, Feng-Yuan Yu, Qi-Yao Zhang, Jian-Guo State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing100081 China

Polynitro energetic compounds are a class of oxidant-rich energetic materials, playing a significant role in the field of solid propellants. Generally, an increase in the number of nitro groups present in these compounds is associated with a decrease in thermal stability, while simultaneously resulting in an enhancement of mechanical sensitivity. The incorporation of nitrogen-containing organic bases in the synthesis of polynitro energetic ionic salts facilitates a more uniform distribution of charge and promotes the formation of both intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen bonds. This strategy effectively enhances the thermal stability of HEDMs while decreasing their mechanical sensitivity. In this study, two polynitro nitrogen-containing organic salts based on the triazole framework, namely ammonium salt (4) and hydroxylamine salt (5), were designed and synthesized. Comprehensive characterization revealed that both 4 and 5 exhibited excellent detonation performance (D: 8220–8959 m⋅s−1), good thermal stability (Td: 154–175°C), and low mechanical sensitivity (IS: 30–32 J;FS: 240–288 N). Therefore, nitrogen-containing organic salts enhance the overall performance of polynitro energetic compounds, offering significant advantages in terms of safety and application potential. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Solid propellants

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Study on the effects of combustion characteristics of pyrotechnic charges on pyrotechnic shocks

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Defence Technology(防务技术) 2025年第4期46卷 79-98页

作者： Jingcheng Wang Shihui Xiong Huina Mu Xiaogang Li Yuquan Wen State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials Department of Modern MechanicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230027China

This study calculates the combustion characteristics of various gas-generating and micro gas pyrotechnic charges,including aluminium/potassium perchlorate,boron/potassium nitrate,carbon black/potassium nitrate,and silicon-based delay compositions,using thermodynamic software.A multiphase flowthermal-solid coupling model was established,and the combustion process of the pyrotechnic charges within a closed bomb was *** pyrotechnic shock generated by combustion was *** combustion pressures and pyrotechnic shocks were *** simulation results demonstrated good agreement with experimental ***,the mechanism of shock generation by the combustion of pyrotechnic charges in the closed bomb was *** effects of the combustion characteristics of the pyrotechnic charges on the resulting pyrotechnic shocks were systematically ***,the shock response spectrum of the gas-generating pyrotechnic charges is greater than that of the micro gas compositions at most frequencies,particularly in the mid-field pyrotechnic shocks(3-10 kHz).Furthermore,the pyrotechnic shocks increase approximately linearly with the impulse of the gas-generating pyrotechnic charges.

关键词： Pyrotechnic charges Pyroshock Closed bomb tests Combustion characteristics Multiphase flow-thermal-solid coupling

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A 316 stainless steel rod impacts with a rigid flat: Theory,experiment, and numerical simulation

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science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第5期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 168-186页

作者： Yifan Wang Xuan Ye Hao Yan Tao Wang Guangyan Huang Zhuo Zhuang State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection Beijing Institute of Technology Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology Tsinghua University Applied Mechanics Lab. School of Aerospace Engineering Tsinghua University

A slender rod suffers global vibration in impact. In this study, we present the experimental, numerical, and theoretical studies of the axial responses of a 316 stainless steel rod during vertical impact with a rigid flat. Combining the contact models and the one-dimensional(1D) wave equation, we first develop a semi-analytical vertical impact model for the rods based on a unified theoretical framework, which considers different geometries of the impacting end including the hemispherical nose, the truncated conical nose, and the flat end. Furthermore, we perform free-drop experiments on these rods and numerical simulations to verify the theoretical models. The results show that the strain-rate effect hardens the rod nose and should not be ignored even at a velocity as low as a few meters per second. After the proposal of a dynamic correction factor to adjust the quasi-static contact model, the theoretical, numerical, and experimental results agree well with one another. Also, the threedimensional(3D) FEM simulations show that the slight deviations between the experimental and the predicted results are due to the slight obliqueness of the rods in the drop. Additionally, we leverage the theoretical tool and FEM simulations to compare the mechanical responses of rods with different impacting ends, and suggestions about the selection of rod noses are obtained.

关键词： vertical impact slender rod variable separation contact-impact force drop tests

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Electromagnetic performance analysis of NiFe2O4 hollow particles 5

Electromagnetic performance analysis of NiFe2O4 hollow parti...

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2024 5th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Intelligent Manufacturing, ICAMIM 2024

作者： Wang, Nan Xia, Yuxiang Wu, Yanchuan Zhou, Zunning State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing100081 China

In the field of photoelectric passive interference, spinel ferrite has a significant attenuation ability of electromagnetic waves in the 2-18 GHz cm band. However, in practical applications, it is difficult for ferrite to form large-scale electromagnetic wave attenuation aerosols in the air due to its heavy ratio. In this paper, the magnetic NiFe2O4 hollow particles were obtained by preparing them using the hydrothermal method assisted by glucose, which showed excellent electromagnetic loss performance. The changes in particle retention (volume growth value) and electromagnetic wave absorption performance with the hollow rate were analyzed. The electromagnetic wave absorption cross section and relative volume growth value of hollow particles with different particle sizes and hollow rates were obtained by theoretical calculation. The electromagnetic parameters of magnetic NiFe2O4 hollow particles with different ratios of glucose and metal ions were measured by Vector Network Analyzer. The effects of ratios of glucose and metal ions on the electromagnetic loss of magnetic NiFe2O4 hollow particles were investigated. The ratio of glucose to metal ions has a threshold of 20:11.25. Increasing or decreasing the metal ions will reduce its electromagnetic loss performance. The reflection loss can reach the minimum value of -24 dB at 5.3 GHz. 2025 Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Electromagnetic wave attenuation

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Numerical Simulation Study on the Mechanical Properties of Concrete Under Rapid Stress Cycling 30th

Numerical Simulation Study on the Mechanical Properties of C...

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30th International Conference on Computational and Experimental Engineering and sciences, ICCES 2024

作者： Jia, Tongqing Wu, Haijun Dong, Heng Cheng, Lele Zheng, Zhuoyang State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing100081 China

ISBN: (纸本)9783031829062

Rapid stress cycling is a complex loading condition that acts with high frequency and high strain rates within an extremely short period. Concrete may be subject to rapid stress cycling under specific circumstances, such as earthquakes or explosions affecting building structures, or military facilities experiencing attacks by military targets. As the primary building material, accounting for approximately 70% of the global construction industry, the study of concrete performance is crucial for ensuring the safety, durability, and sustainable development of building structures. Therefore, an in-depth investigation into the mechanical properties of concrete under rapid stress cycling loading is crucial. This study aims to explore the effects of rapid stress cycling loading on the mechanical properties of concrete using simulation software. To investigate the applicability of constitutive models and the mechanical performance of concrete under rapid stress cycling, this study utilizes two constitutive models, HJC and RHT. The stress-strain relationships and damage characteristics under different first pulse intensities and pulse time intervals are studied. Through numerical simulation studies, it was found that under rapid stress cycling loading, the two constitutive models exhibit different or even opposite mechanical behaviors. The differences in the stress-strain relationships are not significant, while the differences in damage failure modes are more pronounced, with RHT showing higher sensitivity to this complex loading condition. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Strain rate

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An improved efficient adaptive method for large-scale multiexplosives explosion simulations

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Defence Technology(防务技术) 2025年第3期45卷 28-47页

作者： Tao Li Cheng Wang Baojun Shi School of Mechanical Engineering Key Laboratory of Advanced Intelligent Protective Equipment TechnologyMinistry of EducationHebei University of TechnologyTianjin300401China State Key Lab of Explosion Science and Safety Protection Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China

Shock wave caused by a sudden release of high-energy,such as explosion and blast,usually affects a significant range of *** utilization of a uniform fine mesh to capture sharp shock wave and to obtain precise results is inefficient in terms of computational *** is particularly evident when large-scale fluid field simulations are conducted with significant differences in computational domain *** this work,a variable-domain-size adaptive mesh enlargement(vAME)method is developed based on the proposed adaptive mesh enlargement(AME)method for modeling multi-explosives explosion *** vAME method reduces the division of numerous empty areas or unnecessary computational domains by adaptively suspending enlargement operation in one or two directions,rather than in all directions as in AME method.A series of numerical tests via AME and vAME with varying nonintegral enlargement ratios and different mesh numbers are simulated to verify the efficiency and order of *** estimate of speedup ratio is analyzed for further efficiency *** large-scale near-ground explosion experiments with single/multiple explosives are performed to analyze the shock wave superposition formed by the incident wave,reflected wave,and Mach ***,the vAME method is employed to validate the accuracy,as well as to investigate the performance of the fluid field and shock wave propagation,considering explosive quantities ranging from 1 to 5 while maintaining a constant total *** results show a satisfactory correlation between the overpressure versus time curves for experiments and numerical *** vAME method yields a competitive efficiency,increasing the computational speed to 3.0 and approximately 120,000 times in comparison to AME and the fully fine mesh method,*** indicates that the vAME method reduces the computational cost with minimal impact on the results for such large-scale high-energy release problems with signi

关键词： Large-scale explosion Shock wave Adaptive method Fluid field simulations Efficient method

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Female power: Contributions to energetic materials science

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Energetic Materials Frontiers 2025年第1期6卷 1-2页

作者： Zhang, Lei School of Materials Science & Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing100081 China State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing100081 China

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Dynamic damage characteristics and control mechanism of rocks anchored by constant resistance and energy absorption material

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International Journal of Mining science and Technology 2025年第1期35卷 57-67页

作者： Bei Jiang Kunbo Wu Qi Wang Yetai Wang Wenrui Wu Yaoxia Feng Yanbo Zhang State Key Laboratory for Tunnel Engineering China University of Mining&Technology-BeijingBeijing 100083China State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Development and Ecological Restoration of Mineral Resources North China University of Science and TechnologyTangshan 063210China

With resource exploitation and engineering construction gradually going deeper,the surrounding rock dynamic disaster becomes frequent and *** anchorage support is a common control method of surrounding rock in underground *** study the dynamic damage characteristics of anchored rock and the energy absorption control mechanism of dynamic disasters,a new type of constant resistance and energy absorption(CREA)material with high strength,high elongation and high energy absorption characteristics is developed.A contrast test of rockbursts in anchored rock with different support materials is *** test results show that the surface damage rates and energy release degree of anchored rock with common bolt(CB)and CREA are lower than those of unanchored rock,*** total energy,average energy and maximum energy released by CREA anchored rock are 30.9%,94.3%and 84.4%lower than those of CB anchored *** with unanchored rock,the rockburst peak stress in the CREA anchored rock is increased by 39.9%,and the rockburst time is delayed by 53.2%.Based on the rockburst energy calculation model,the evolution law of rockburst peak stress and energy release is *** control mechanism of CREA support units on rock dynamic failure is clarified.

关键词： Constant resistance and energy absorption Anchored rock Rockburst Peak stress Control mechanism

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Preparation and performance of highly-conductive dual-doped Li_(7)La_(3)Zr_(2)O_(12)solid electrolytes for thermal batteries

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Green Energy & Environment 2025年第2期10卷 399-409页

作者： Wei Li Shu Zhang Xinya Bu Jing Luo Yi Zhang Mengyu Yan Ting Quan Yanli Zhu State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China Xi'an North Qinghua Electromechanical Co. Ltd.Xi'an710025China Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center Chongqing401120China

Garnet Li_(7)La_(3)Zr_(2)O_(12)(LLZO)electrolytes have been recognized as a promising candidate to replace liquid/molten-state electrolytes in battery applications due to their exceptional performance,particularly Ga-doped LLZO(LLZGO),which exhibits high ionic ***,the limited size of the Liþtransport bottleneck restricts its high-current discharging *** present study focuses on the synthesis of Ga^(3+)þand Ba^(2+)þco-doped LLZO(LLZGBO)and investigates the influence of doping contents on the morphology,crystal structure,Liþtransport bottleneck size,and ionic *** particular,Ga_(0.32)Ba_(0.15)exhibits the highest ionic conductivity(6.11E-2 S cm^(-1) at 550 C)in comparison with other compositions,which can be attributed to its higher-energy morphology,larger bottleneck and unique Liþtransport *** addition to Ba^(2+),Sr^(2+)þand Ca^(2+)have been co-doped with Ga3þinto LLZO,respectively,to study the effect of doping ion radius on crystal structures and the properties of *** characterization results demonstrate that the easier Liþtransport and higher ionic conductivity can be obtained when the electrolyte is doped with larger-radius *** a result,the assembled thermal battery with Ga_(0.32)Ba_(0.15)-LLZO electrolyte exhibits a remarkable voltage platform of 1.81 V and a high specific capacity of 455.65 mA h g^(-1) at an elevated temperature of 525℃.The discharge specific capacity of the thermal cell at 500 mA amounts to 63%of that at 100 mA,showcasing exceptional high-current discharging *** assembled as prototypes with fourteen single cells connected in series,the thermal batteries deliver an activation time of 38 ms and a discharge time of 32 s with the current density of 100 mA cm^(-2).These findings suggest that Ga,Ba co-doped LLZO solid-state electrolytes with high ionic conductivities holds great potential for high-capacity,quick-initiating and high-current discharging thermal batteries.

关键词： Element doping Thermal battery Solid electrolyte LLZO Ionic conductivity

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