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Proceedings of the 2021 4th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Pattern Recognition

作者： Jiateng Huang Wanrong Huang Dan Wu Long Lan Institute for Quantum Information & State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing College of Computer National University of Defense Technology China Artifcial Intelligence Research Center National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology China College of Computer & Hefei Interdisciplinary Center National University of Defense Technology China

ISBN: (纸本)9781450384087

In recent years, multi-agent reinforcement learning has received sustained attention in the last few years. The typical Actor-Critic methods learn mappings directly from observation to action without understanding the tasks themselves. In this paper, we present a meta actor-critic framework for meta-actor critique based on observational learning processes and the additional loss of meta-learning actors to accelerate and improve multi-agent learning across agents' experiences. Within our framework, all agents are deliberately designed to share the same meta-critic loss to achieve the optimum actor learning progress. Meanwhile, by minimizing the loss of meta-actors, the meta actor learns the features of the meta-observation, leading to better actions. We implemented the MADDPG and MATD3 algorithms in our proposed framework and empirically demonstrated the superiority of our framework on two kinds of multi-agent tasks. In addition, the framework can be flexibly incorporated into various contemporary multi-agent Actor-Critic methods.

关键词： Reinforcement learning meta-learning multi-agent system

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DG-CNN:Introducing Margin Information into Convolutional Neural Networks for Breast Cancer Diagnosis in Ultrasound Images

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Journal of computer science & technology 2022年第2期37卷 277-294页

作者： Xiao-Zheng Xie Jian-Wei Niu Senior Member Xue-Feng Liu Qing-Feng Li Yong Wang Jie Han Shaojie Tang State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems School of Computer Science and Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data and Brain Computing Beihang UniversityHangzhou 310051China Department of Diagnostic Ultrasound National Cancer CenterChinese Academy of Medical SciencesPeking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100021China Naveen Jindal School of Management The University of Texas at DallasRichardsonTX 75080-3021U.S.A.

Although using convolutional neural networks(CNNs)for computer-aided diagnosis(CAD)has made tremendous progress in the last few years,the small medical datasets remain to be the major bottleneck in this *** address this problem,researchers start looking for information out of the medical *** efforts mainly leverage information from natural images via transfer *** recent research work focuses on integrating knowledge from medical practitioners,either letting networks resemble how practitioners are trained,how they view images,or using extra *** this paper,we propose a scheme named Domain Guided-CNN(DG-CNN)to incorporate the margin information,a feature described in the consensus for radiologists to diagnose cancer in breast ultrasound(BUS)*** DG-CNN,attention maps that highlight margin areas of tumors are first generated,and then incorporated via different approaches into the *** have tested the performance of DG-CNN on our own dataset(including 1485 ultrasound images)and on a public *** results show that DG-CNN can be applied to different network structures like VGG and ResNet to improve their *** example,experimental results on our dataset show that with a certain integrating mode,the improvement of using DG-CNN over a baseline network structure ResNet 18 is 2.17%in accuracy,1.69%in sensitivity,2.64%in specificity and 2.57%in AUC(Area Under Curve).To the best of our knowledge,this is the first time that the margin information is utilized to improve the performance of deep neural networks in diagnosing breast cancer in BUS images.

关键词： medical consensus domain knowledge breast cancer diagnosis margin map deep neural network

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Variational quantum process tomography of unitaries

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Physical Review A 2022年第3期105卷 032427-032427页

作者： Shichuan Xue Yong Liu Yang Wang Pingyu Zhu Chu Guo Junjie Wu Institute for Quantum Information & State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing College of Computer Science and Technology National University of Defense Technology Changsha 410073 China College of Information and Communication National University of Defense Technology Xi'an 710006 China Henan Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Cryptography Zhengzhou Henan 450000 China Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education Department of Physics and Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Applications Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China

Quantum process tomography is an experimental technique to fully characterize an unknown quantum process. Standard quantum process tomography suffers from exponentially scaling of the number of measurements with the increasing system size. In this work, we put forward a quantum machine learning algorithm which approximately encodes the unknown unitary quantum process into a relatively shallow depth parametric quantum circuit. We demonstrate our method by reconstructing the unitary quantum processes resulting from the quantum Hamiltonian evolution and random quantum circuits up to eight qubits. Results show that those quantum processes could be reconstructed with high fidelity, while the number of input states required are at least two orders of magnitude less than required by the standard quantum process tomography.

关键词： Machine learning Quantum information processing Quantum simulation Quantum tomography

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A Parallelizable Counterfactual Generation Method Based on Gradient Optimization

A Parallelizable Counterfactual Generation Method Based on G...

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International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems (ICPADS)

作者： Haorun Ding Xuesong Jiang Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security Ministry of Education Shandong Computer Science Center Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China Shandong Engineering Research Center of Big Data Applied Technology Faculty of Computer Science and Technology Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computer Networks Shandong Fundamental Research Center for Computer Science Jinan China Quan Cheng Laboratory Jinan China State Key Laboratory of High-end Server & Storage Technology Jinan China

Post-hoc explanations are important for people to understand the predictions of explanation models. One class of methods in post-hoc explanation is the generation of counterfactuals, where a hypothetical example is obtained by perturbing the inputs to show how one could obtain a different prediction from the decision model. Counter-factual explanations should satisfy several properties: One is that counterfactuals generated under specific scenarios and constraints should be feasible for users, i.e., they should accommodate different causal constraints. The other is that it is more desirable for users to have a wider variety of viable examples, i.e., counterfactual diversity. To this end, we propose a parallelizable method based on gradient optimization. We partition the input feasible domains, perform counterfactual generation independently for each feasible domain, and then parallelize the counterfactual generation process for each feasible domain. Experimental results show that our approach effectively improves the diversity, sparsity, and proximity of the generated counterfactual instances on the public datasets Adult-Income, Lending-Club, German-Credit, and COMPAS compared to other models.

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DapperFL: domain adaptive federated learning with model fusion pruning for edge devices 24

DapperFL: domain adaptive federated learning with model fusi...

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Proceedings of the 38th International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems

作者： Yongzhe Jia Xuyun Zhang Hongsheng Hu Kim-Kwang Raymond Choo Lianyong Qi Xiaolong Xu Amin Beheshti Wanchun Dou State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Department of Computer Science and Technology Nanjing University China School of Computing Macquarie University Australia School of Information and Physical Sciences University of Newcastle Australia Department of Information Systems and Cyber Security University of Texas at San Antonio USA College of Computer Science and Technology China University of Petroleum (East China) China School of Computer and Software Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology China

ISBN: (纸本)9798331314385

Federated learning (FL) has emerged as a prominent machine learning paradigm in edge computing environments, enabling edge devices to collaboratively optimize a global model without sharing their private data. However, existing FL frameworks suffer from efficacy deterioration due to the system heterogeneity inherent in edge computing, especially in the presence of domain shifts across local data. In this paper, we propose a heterogeneous FL framework DapperFL, to enhance model performance across multiple domains. In DapperFL, we introduce a dedicated Model Fusion Pruning (MFP) module to produce personalized compact local models for clients to address the system heterogeneity challenges. The MFP module prunes local models with fused knowledge obtained from both local and remaining domains, ensuring robustness to domain shifts. Additionally, we design a Domain Adaptive Regularization (DAR) module to further improve the overall performance of DapperFL. The DAR module employs regularization generated by the pruned model, aiming to learn robust representations across domains. Furthermore, we introduce a specific aggregation algorithm for aggregating heterogeneous local models with tailored architectures and weights. We implement DapperFL on a real-world FL platform with heterogeneous clients. Experimental results on benchmark datasets with multiple domains demonstrate that DapperFL outperforms several state-of-the-art FL frameworks by up to 2.28%, while significantly achieving model volume reductions ranging from 20% to 80%. Our code is available at: https://***/jyzgh/DapperFL.

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Strong pulse illumination hacks self-differencing avalanche photodiode detectors in a high-speed quantum key distribution system

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Gao, Binwu Wu, Zhihao Shi, Weixu Liu, Yingwen Wang, Dongyang Yu, Chunlin Huang, Anqi Wu, Junjie Institute for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing College of Computer Science and Technology National University of Defense Technology Changsha410073 China China Greatwall Research Institute China Greatwall Technology Group CO. LTD. Shenzhen518057 China

Implementation of high-speed quantum key distribution (QKD) has become one of the major focuses in the field, which produces high key-generation rate for applications. To achieve high-speed QKD, tailored techniques are developed and employed to quickly generate and detect quantum states. However, these techniques may introduce unique loopholes to compromise the security of QKD systems. In this paper, we investigate the loopholes of self-differencing (SD) avalanche photodiode (APD) detector, typically used for high-speed detection in a QKD system, and demonstrate experimental testing of SD APD detector under strong pulse illumination attack. This attack presents blinding stability and helps an eavesdropper to learn the secret key without introducing extra QBER. Based on this testing, we propose a set of criteria for protecting SD APD detectors from the strong pulse illumination attack. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Avalanche photodiodes

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Focus, Distinguish, and Prompt: Unleashing CLIP for Efficient and Flexible Scene Text Retrieval

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Zeng, Gangyan Zhang, Yuan Wei, Jin Yang, Dongbao Zhang, Peng Gao, Yiwen Qin, Xugong Zhou, Yu School of Cyber Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology China State Key Laboratory of Media Convergence and Communication Communication University of China China Institute of Information Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences China Laboratory for Advanced Computing and Intelligence Engineering China TMCC College of Computer Science Nankai University China

Scene text retrieval aims to find all images containing the query text from an image gallery. Current efforts tend to adopt an Optical Character Recognition (OCR) pipeline, which requires complicated text detection and/or recognition processes, resulting in inefficient and inflexible retrieval. Different from them, in this work we propose to explore the intrinsic potential of Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP) for OCR-free scene text retrieval. Through empirical analysis, we observe that the main challenges of CLIP as a text retriever are: 1) limited text perceptual scale, and 2) entangled visual-semantic concepts. To this end, a novel model termed FDP (Focus, Distinguish, and Prompt) is developed. FDP first focuses on scene text via shifting the attention to the text area and probing the hidden text knowledge, and then divides the query text into content word and function word for processing, in which a semantic-aware prompting scheme and a distracted queries assistance module are utilized. Extensive experiments show that FDP significantly enhances the inference speed while achieving better or competitive retrieval accuracy compared to existing methods. Notably, on the IIIT-STR benchmark, FDP surpasses the state-of-the-art model by 4.37% with a 4 times faster speed. Furthermore, additional experiments under phrase-level and attribute-aware scene text retrieval settings validate FDP’s particular advantages in handling diverse forms of query text. The source code will be publicly available at https://***/Gyann-z/FDP. © 2024, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Semantics

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Parallel Optimization of Computational Fluid Dynamics Application code_saturne Based on Next Generation Sunway Supercomputer

Parallel Optimization of Computational Fluid Dynamics Applic...

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International Symposium on Parallel Architectures, Algorithms and Programming (PAAP)

作者： Anjun Liu Yin Liao Xihao Xu YanYan Chen Hongjun Zhong Jianming Wu Bo Kong Alexander Raikov Meng Guo Jinan Key Laboratory of High Performance Industrial Software Jinan Institute of Supercomputing Technology Jinan China Jinan Supercomputing-Zhejiang Yuansuan Industrial Simulation System Joint Laboratory Zhejiang Yuansuan Technology Co. Ltd Hangzhou China Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security Ministry of Education Shandong Computer Science Center (National Supercomputer Center in Jinan ) Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computer Networks Shandong Fundamental Research Center for Computer Science Jinan China

code_saturne is an open-source general large-scale computational fluid dynamics software independently developed by Electricite de France since 1997. Due to its high computing performance, code_saturne has been widely used in the nuclear industry, heavy fuel and biomass combustion, particle tracking and other computational fluid dynamics fields. In this work, we implemented code_saturne on the new generation Sunway supercomputer (SW26010pro) at the first time. By applying the data value-taking technology of double cache, combined with Sunway shared memory technology, we have adapted the data structure and Modular programming of code_saturne conducively to the new generation Sunway supercomputer (SW26010pro) and accelerated the software hotspots the software hotspots by 1–2 times. After optimizing and porting, this software has successfully served in the numerical simulation of the lateral flow of fuel assemblies in the nuclear industry.

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An Unbiased Quantum Random Number Generator Based on Boson Sampling

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2022年

作者： Shi, Jinjing Zhao, Tongge Wang, Yizhi Yu, Chunlin Lu, Yuhu Shi, Ronghua Zhang, Shichao Wu, Junjie School of Computer Science and Engineering Central South University Changsha410083 China Institute for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing College of Computer Science and Technology National University of Defense Technology Changsha410073 China China Greatwall Quantum Laboratory China Greatwall Technology Group CO. LTD. Changsha410073 China

It has been proven that Boson sampling is a much promising model of optical quantum computation, which has been applied to designing quantum computer successfully, such as "Jiuzhang". However, the meaningful randomness of Boson sampling results, whose correctness and significance were proved from a specific quantum mechanical distribution, has not been utilized or exploited. In this research, Boson sampling is applied to design a novel Quantum Random Number Generator (QRNG) by fully exploiting the randomness of Boson sampling results, and its prototype system is constructed with the programmable silicon photonic processor, which can generate uniform and unbiased random sequences and overcome the shortcomings of the existing discrete QRNGs such as source-related, high demand for the photon number resolution capability of the detector and slow self-detection generator speed. Boson sampling is implemented as a random entropy source, and random bit strings with satisfactory randomness and uniformity can be obtained after post-processing the sampling results. It is the first approach for applying the randomness of Boson sampling results to develop a practical prototype system for actual tasks, and the experiment results demonstrate the designed Boson sampling-based QRNG prototype system pass 15 tests of the NIST SP 800-22 statistical test component, which prove that Boson sampling has great potential for practical applications with desirable performance besides quantum advantage. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Sampling

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DCI-FQA: Dual-Branch Cross Interaction Network for Fundus Quality Assessment

DCI-FQA: Dual-Branch Cross Interaction Network for Fundus Qu...

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IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging

作者： Xiangwen Cai Haijun Lei Zhenquan Wu Hai Xie Guoming Zhang Baiying Lei Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Popular High Performance Computers College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen China Shenzhen Eye Hospital Shenzhen Key Ophthalmic Laboratory Health Science Center Shenzhen University The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University Shenzhen China National- Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging School of Biomedical Engineering Health Science Center Shenzhen University Shenzhen China

ISBN: (数字)9798350313338

ISBN: (纸本)9798350313345

Fundus imaging plays a crucial role in diagnosing and monitoring various ocular diseases. The reliability of diagnostic outcomes heavily depends on the quality of the acquired images. Various factors may affect the image quality, such as environmental conditions and equipment malfunctions. However, the current methods of fundus quality assessment (FQA) mainly employ CNN-based architectures to extract local features, causing that the global features are ignored. To this end, we introduce Dual-Branch Cross Interaction Network for fundus quality assessment, called DCI-FQA, which consists of a parallel structure to capture both local and global features related to fundus quality. Specifically, the local and the global features extracted by CNN-branch and Swin-branch, respectively, which are mutually interacted in the spatial domain through attention modules. The quality-based features from dual-branch can be integrated by interacting features across different branches to improve the classification performance. Subsequently, the features of dual-branch and the fusion features are aggregated to classifier for the classification of quality assessment. The experiments on the FQ dataset demonstrate that the proposed method achieves the superior classification performance for fundus quality assessment.

关键词： Image quality Attention mechanisms Feature extraction Transformers Quality assessment Reliability Task analysis

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