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Modified condition/decision coverage(MC/DC)oriented compiler optimization for symbolic execution

Frontiers of Information technology & Electronic Engineering 2020年第9期21卷 1267-1284页

作者： Wei-jiang HONG Yi-jun LIU Zhen-bang CHEN Wei DONG Ji WANG College of Computer National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China

Symbolic execution is an effective way of systematically exploring the search space of a program,and is often used for automatic software testing and bug *** program to be analyzed is usually compiled into a binary or an intermediate representation,on which symbolic execution is carried *** this process,compiler optimizations influence the effectiveness and efficiency of symbolic ***,to the best of our knowledge,there exists no work on compiler optimization recommendation for symbolic execution with respect to(w.r.t.)modified condition/decision coverage(MC/DC),which is an important testing coverage criterion widely used for mission-critical *** study describes our use of a state-of-the-art symbolic execution tool to carry out extensive experiments to study the impact of compiler optimizations on symbolic execution ***/*** results indicate that instruction combining(IC)optimization is the important and dominant optimization for symbolic execution ***/*** designed and implemented a support vector machine based optimization recommendation method ***(denoted as auto).The experiments on two standard benchmarks(Coreutils and NECLA)showed that auto achieves the best MC/DC on 67.47%of Coreutils programs and 78.26%of NECLA programs.

关键词： Compiler optimization Modified condition/decision coverage(MC/DC) Optimization recommendation Symbolic execution

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A review of uncertainty estimation and its application in medical imaging

Meta-Radiology

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Meta-Radiology 2023年第1期1卷

作者： Zou, Ke Chen, Zhihao Yuan, Xuedong Shen, Xiaojing Wang, Meng Fu, Huazhu National Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science on Synthetic Vision Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China College of Intelligence and Computing Tianjin University Tianjin 300350 China Department of Mathematics Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC) Agency for Science Technology and Research (A∗STAR) Singapore 138632 Singapore The College of Computer Science Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China

The use of AI systems in healthcare for the early screening of diseases is of great clinical importance. Deep learning has shown great promise in medical imaging, but the reliability and trustworthiness of AI systems limit their deployment in real clinical scenes, where patient safety is at stake. Uncertainty estimation plays a pivotal role in producing a confidence evaluation along with the prediction of the deep model. This is particularly important in medical imaging, where the uncertainty in the model's predictions can be used to identify areas of concern or to provide additional information to the clinician. In this paper, we review the various types of uncertainty in deep learning, including aleatoric uncertainty and epistemic uncertainty. We further discuss how they can be estimated in medical imaging. More importantly, we review recent advances in deep learning models that incorporate uncertainty estimation in medical imaging. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future directions in uncertainty estimation in deep learning for medical imaging. We hope this review will ignite further interest in the community and provide researchers with an up-to-date reference regarding applications of uncertainty estimation models in medical imaging. © 2023 The Authors

关键词： Deep learning Medical image analysis Uncertainty estimation

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F2UE-NET: An Uncertainty-Driven Dynamic Expert Network for Long-Tail Retinal Disease Classification

F2UE-NET: An Uncertainty-Driven Dynamic Expert Network for L...

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IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging

作者： Junyong Zhao Tian Lin Meng Wang Liang Sun Haoyu Chen Daoqiang Zhang Huazhu Fu MOE Key Laboratory of Brain Computer Intelligence Technology College of Artificial Intelligence Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing China Joint Shantou International Eye Center Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong Shantou Guangdong China Department of Ophthalmology Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR) Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC) Singapore Singapore

ISBN: (数字)9798331520526

ISBN: (纸本)9798331520533

The automatic diagnosis of retinal diseases presents a significant challenge in medical image analysis, primarily due to the long-tail distribution in existing retinal datasets. This imbalance creates substantial difficulties in model training and performance. To address this issue, we propose an uncertainty-driven dynamic expert network for long-tail retinal disease classification, called $\mathrm{F}^performance\text{UE}$ -Net. Specifically, we apply Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) technology to fine-tune the foundation model, enhancing its feature extraction capabilities and overall performance. Additionally, we introduce an uncertainty-driven dynamic expert participation strategy, which assigns appropriate weights to different categories during training, ensuring high accuracy even for rare, tail-end diseases. Experimental results on a long-tail fundus disease dataset demonstrate that $\mathrm{F}^performance$ UE outperforms state-of-the-art methods in long-tail retinal disease classification.

关键词： Training Heavily-tailed distribution Image analysis Foundation models Biological system modeling Tail Retina Feature extraction Medical diagnostic imaging Diseases

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The Joint Model of Multi-Intent Detection and Slot Filling Based on Bidirectional Interaction Structure

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Wuhan University Journal of Natural sciences 2025年第1期30卷 21-31页

作者： WANG Changjing ZENG Xianghui WANG Yuxin SUN Yuxin ZUO Zhengkang School of Digital Industry Jiangxi Normal UniversityShangrao 334000JiangxiChina School of Computer Information Engineering Jiangxi Normal UniversityNanchang 330022JiangxiChina Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for High Performance Computing Jiangxi Normal UniversityNanchang 330022JiangxiChina State International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Networked Supporting Software Jiangxi Normal UniversityNanchang 330022JiangxiChina

Intent detection and slot filling are two important components of natural language *** their relevance,joint training is often performed to improve *** studies mostly use a joint model of multi-intent detection and slot-filling with unidirectional interaction,which improves the overall performance of the model by fusing the intent information in the slot-filling *** this basis,in order to further improve the overall performance of the model by exploiting the correlation between the two,this paper proposes a joint multi-intent detection and slot-filling model based on a bidirectional interaction structure,which fuses the intent encoding information in the encoding part of slot filling and fuses the slot decoding information in the decoding part of intent *** results on two public multi-intent joint training datasets,MixATIS and MixSNIPS,show that the bidirectional interaction structure proposed in this paper can effectively improve the performance of the joint *** addition,in order to verify the generalization of the bidirectional interaction structure between intent and slot,a joint model for single-intent scenarios is proposed on the basis of the model in this *** model also achieves excellent performance on two public single-intent joint training datasets,CAIS and SNIPS.

关键词： natural language understanding multi-intent detection slot filling bidirectional interaction joint training

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On the Properties of Kullback-Leibler Divergence Between Multivariate Gaussian Distributions

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Zhang, Yufeng Liu, Wanwei Chen, Zhenbang Wang, Ji Li, Kenli The College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering Hunan University Changsha China The College of Computer National University of Defense Technology Changsha China State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing National University of Defense Technology China

Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence is one of the most important divergence measures between probability distributions. In this paper, we prove several properties of KL divergence between multivariate Gaussian distributions. First, for any two n-dimensional Gaussian distributions N1 and N2, we give the supremum of KL(N1||N2) when KL(N2||N1) ≤ Ε (Ε > 0). For small Ε, we show that the supremum is Ε + 2Ε1.5 + O(Ε2). This quantifies the approximate symmetry of small KL divergence between Gaussians. We also find the infimum of KL(N1||N2) when KL(N2||N1) ≥ M (M > 0). We give the conditions when the supremum and infimum can be attained. Second, for any three n-dimensional Gaussians N1, N2, and N3, we find an upper bound of KL(N1||N3) if KL(N1||N2) ≤ Ε1 and KL(N2||N3) ≤ Ε2 for Ε1, Ε2 ≥ 0. For small Ε1 and Ε2, we show the upper bound is 3Ε1 + 3Ε2 + 2√Ε1Ε2 + o(Ε1) + o(Ε2). This reveals that KL divergence between Gaussians follows a relaxed triangle inequality. Importantly, all the bounds in the theorems presented in this paper are independent of the dimension n. Finally, We discuss the applications of our theorems in explaining counterintuitive phenomenon of flow-based model, deriving deep anomaly detection algorithm, and extending one-step robustness guarantee to multiple steps in safe reinforcement learning. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Reinforcement learning

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Dual Prototypes Contrastive Learning for Semi-Supervised Medical Image Segmentation

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Yue, Tianai Xu, Rongtao Wu, Jingqian Yang, Wenjie Du, Shide Wang, Changwei Johns Hopkins University Baltimore21218 United States State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong999077 Hong Kong College of Computer and Big Data Fuzhou University Fuzhou350108 China Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security Ministry of Education Shandong Computer Science Center Qilu University of Technology Shandong Academy of Sciences Jinan250014 China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computing Power Internet and Service Computing Shandong Fundamental Research Center for Computer Science Jinan250014 China

Semi-supervised techniques for medical image segmentation have demonstrated potential, effectively training models using scarce labeled data alongside a wealth of unlabeled data. Therefore, semi-supervised medical image segmentation is one of the key issues in engineering applications of medical artificial intelligence. Consistency constraints based on prototype alignment provide an intuitively sensible way to discover valuable insights from unlabeled data that can motivate segmentation performance. In this work, we propose a dual prototypes contrastive network (DPC-Net) to motivate semi-supervised medical segmentation accuracy by imposing image-level global prototype constraints and pixel-level local prototype constraints. First, we introduce a Background-Separation Global Prototype Contrastive Learning technique that utilizes the natural mutual exclusivity of foreground and background to separate the inter-class distances and encourage the segmentation network to obtain segmentation results that are more complete and do not contain background regions. Second, we design a Cross-Consistent Local Prototype Contrastive Learning techniques to extend the perturbation consistency of the two networks to the prototype's localized response to the feature map, thereby shaping a more stable intra-class prototype space and producing accurate and robust pixel-level predictions. Finally, we comprehensively evaluate our method on mainstream semi-supervised medical image segmentation benchmarks and settings, and experimental results show that our DPC-Net outperforms current state-of-the-art methods. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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Stress Detection Using Multimodal Physiological Signals With Machine Learning From Wearable Devices

Stress Detection Using Multimodal Physiological Signals With...

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IEEE Symposium on computers and Communications (ISCC)

作者： Pranita Subhash Shedage Seyedamin Pouriyeh Reza M. Parizi Meng Han Giovanna Sannino Nasrin Dehbozorgi Department of Information and Technology Kennesaw State University Marietta GA USA Decentralized Science Lab Kennesaw State University Marietta GA USA College of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang University Hangzhou China Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University Hangzhou China Institute for High-Performance Computing and Networking (ICAR) National Research Council (CNR) Naples Italy Department of Software and Game Development Kennesaw State University Marietta GA USA

ISBN: (数字)9798350354232

ISBN: (纸本)9798350354249

Stress is considered one of the most prevalent concerns among individuals. Studies have shown that experiencing long-term stress can cause severe health issues such as cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, depression, etc. Preventative measures, such as early stress detection, can help individuals mitigate these health issues. When a person gets stressed, physiological values like blood volume pulse, temperature, and electrodermal activity signals get affected. Machine Learning techniques can be utilized to identify stress by analyzing these physiological signals. This paper presents a machine learning method for detecting stress levels of an individual using the publicly available dataset called "Wearable Stress and Affect Detection"(WESAD), which has physiological data collected from the wrist-worn and chest-worn sensors attached to 15 different subjects. We used physiological signals, including Blood Volume Pulse(BVP), Body Temperature(TEMP), and Electrodermal Activity(EDA) signals, collected from wrist-worn sensors to detect the state of the mind. For the implementation, we used different Machine Learning models, like Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, Random Forest, and Stacking Ensemble Learning technique. During the investigation, personalized models, utilizing individual subject data, and generalized models, amalgamating all subject data, were developed. Evaluation reveals accuracy values reaching up to 99% and 91% for individual subject data and combined data, respectively.

关键词： Temperature measurement Radio frequency Accuracy Machine learning Physiology Data models Wearable devices Stress Wearable sensors Blood

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Generative AI for Advanced UAV Networking

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IEEE Network 2024年

作者： Sun, Geng Xie, Wenwen Niyato, Dusit Du, Hongyang Kang, Jiawen Wu, Jing Sun, Sumei Zhang, Ping Jilin University College of Computer Science and Technology Changchun130012 China Jilin University Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering Ministry of Education Changchun130012 China Nanyang Technological University College of Computing and Data Science Singapore639798 Singapore The University of Hong Kong Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Hong Kong999077 Hong Kong Guangdong University of Technology School of Automation Guangzhou510006 China Agency for Science Technology and Research Institute for Infocomm Research Singapore639798 Singapore Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology Beijing100876 China

With the impressive achievements of chatGPT and Sora, generative artificial intelligence (GAI) has received increasing attention. Not limited to the field of content generation, GAI is also widely used to solve the problems in wireless communication scenarios due to its powerful learning and generalization capabilities. Therefore, we discuss key applications of GAI in improving unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communication and networking performance in this article. Specifically, we first review the key technologies of GAI and the important roles of UAV networking. Then, we show how GAI can improve the communication, networking, and security performances of UAV systems. Subsequently, we propose a novel framework of GAI for advanced UAV networking, and then present a case study of UAV-enabled spectrum map estimation and transmission rate optimization based on the proposed framework to verify the effectiveness of GAI-enabled UAV systems. Finally, we discuss some important open directions. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Aircraft communication

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Artificial intelligence for geoscience:Progress,challenges,and perspectives

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The Innovation 2024年第5期5卷 136-160,135页

作者： Tianjie Zhao Sheng Wang Chaojun Ouyang Min Chen Chenying Liu Jin Zhang Long Yu Fei Wang Yong Xie Jun Li Fang Wang Sabine Grunwald Bryan MWong Fan Zhang Zhen Qian Yongjun Xu Chengqing Yu Wei Han Tao Sun Zezhi Shao Tangwen Qian Zhao Chen Jiangyuan Zeng Huai Zhang Husi Letu Bing Zhang Li Wang Lei Luo Chong Shi Hongjun Su Hongsheng Zhang Shuai Yin Ni Huang Wei Zhao Nan Li Chaolei Zheng Yang Zhou Changping Huang Defeng Feng Qingsong Xu Yan Wu Danfeng Hong Zhenyu Wang Yinyi Lin Tangtang Zhang Prashant Kumar Antonio Plaza Jocelyn Chanussot Jiabao Zhang Jiancheng Shi Lizhe Wang Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100094China School of Computer Science China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430078China State Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Engineering Resilience Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610299China Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment(Ministry of Education of PRC) Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China Data Science in Earth Observation Technical University of Munich80333 MunichGermany The National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention Yangtze Institute for Conservation and DevelopmentHohai UniversityNanjing 210098China Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Geographical Sciences Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China Soil Water and Ecosystem Sciences DepartmentUniversity of FloridaPO Box 110290GainesvilleFLUSA Materials Science Engineering Program Cooperating Faculty Member in the Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics Astronomy University of CaliforniaCaliforniaRiversideCA 92521USA Institute of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System School of Earth and Space SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Key Laboratory of Computational Geodynamics University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals Beijing 100094China College of Geography and Remote Sensing Hohai UniversityNanjing 211100China Department of Geography The University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077SARChina Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control Nanjing 210044China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China Collaborative Inno

This paper explores the evolution of geoscientific inquiry,tracing the progression from traditional physics-based models to modern data-driven approaches facilitated by significant advancements in artificial intelligence(AI)and data collection *** models,which are grounded in physical and numerical frameworks,provide robust explanations by explicitly reconstructing underlying physical ***,their limitations in comprehensively capturing Earth’s complexities and uncertainties pose challenges in optimization and real-world *** contrast,contemporary data-driven models,particularly those utilizing machine learning(ML)and deep learning(DL),leverage extensive geoscience data to glean insights without requiring exhaustive theoretical *** techniques have shown promise in addressing Earth science-related ***,challenges such as data scarcity,computational demands,data privacy concerns,and the“black-box”nature of AI models hinder their seamless integration into *** integration of physics-based and data-driven methodologies into hybrid models presents an alternative *** models,which incorporate domain knowledge to guide AI methodologies,demonstrate enhanced efficiency and performance with reduced training data *** review provides a comprehensive overview of geoscientific research paradigms,emphasizing untapped opportunities at the intersection of advanced AI techniques and *** examines major methodologies,showcases advances in large-scale models,and discusses the challenges and prospects that will shape the future landscape of AI in *** paper outlines a dynamic field ripe with possibilities,poised to unlock new understandings of Earth’s complexities and further advance geoscience exploration.

关键词： Earth utilizing landscape

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A dynamic platform for global pullorum disease and fowl typhoid

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Animal Diseases 2025年第1期5卷 113-123页

作者： Xiamei Kang Canghong Jin Pengkun Gu Song Wang Zhengjie Gao Chenyi Dai Xiao Zhou Abubakar Siddique Haiyang Zhou Linlin Huang Yan Li Min Yue Department of Veterinary Medicine Zhejiang University College of Animal SciencesHangzhou 310058China School of Computer and Computing Science Hangzhou City UniversityHangzhou 310015China Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University Sanya 572000China School of Life Science Hangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhou 310024China State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases National Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseasesNational Medical Center for Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated HospitalCollege of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310003China Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences Ningbo 315040China NewFit(Hangzhou)Information Technology Co. LtdHangzhou 310000China

Pullorum disease and fowl typhoid are caused by the Salmonella serovars Gallinarum biovars Pullorum and Gal-linarum,*** prevalence of these diseases varies across regions and is affected by different risk fac-tors that remain insufficiently *** fill this knowledge gap,we have compiled a global dataset for its prevalence,drawing upon a collection of literature from the last seven decades obtained from bilingual ***,a more interactive and dynamic platform is still needed for both academics and policymakers to improve biosecurity measures,limit disease transmission,and prevent future outbreaks at the global and local ***,we developed an advanced visualization platform to depict the prevalence of Salmonella Pullorum and Gallinarum,espe-cially in China,which is categorized by geographical region and temporal *** platform offers a user-friendly,efficient,and visually engaging tool to explore the prevalence of pullorum disease and fowl typhoid between 1945 and 2021 in different ***,this platform allows users to understand the influence of various fac-tors,such as breed,farm mode,economic usage and even the sex of the primary host,chickens,on the prevalence of this *** further provided a detailed overview of individual province within *** particular,by selecting two different provinces on the interface,users can quickly visualize and grasp the disparities in disease prevalence between the chosen *** interactive toolkit enables a dynamic exploration of the patterns and factors con-tributing to the prevalence of Salmonella Pullorum and *** interactive platform is freely available open source at http://139.9.85.208/.

关键词： Pullorum disease Fowl typhoid Interactive platform Prevalence prediction

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