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38th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2023

作者： Sun, Qinning Min, Zhen Liu, Hu Chen, Long Wang, Yang Zhu, Fengrong Zhang, Shoushan Cao, Zhen Aharonian, F. An, Q. Axikegu Bai, L.X. Bai, Y.X. Bai, L.X. Bai, Y.X. Bao, Y.W. Bastieri, D. Bi, X.J. Bi, Y.J. Cai, H. Cai, J.T. Cao, Zhe Chang, J. Chang, J.F. Chen, B.M. Chen, E.S. Chen, J. Chen, Liang Chen, Liang Chen, Long Chen, M.J. Chen, M.L. Chen, Q.H. Chen, S.H. Chen, S.Z. Chen, T.L. Chen, X.L. Chen, Y. Cheng, N. Cheng, Y.D. Cui, S.W. Cui, X.H. Cui, Y.D. D’Ettorre Piazzoli, B. Dai, B.Z. Dai, H.L. Dai, Z.G. Danzengluobu della Volpe, D. Dong, X.J. Duan, K.K. Fan, J.H. Fan, Y.Z. Fan, Z.X. Fang, J. Fang, K. Feng, C.F. Feng, L. Feng, S.H. Feng, Y.L. Gao, B. Gao, C.D. Gao, L.Q. Gao, Q. Gao, W. Ge, M.M. Geng, L.S. Gong, G.H. Gou, Q.B. Gu, M.H. Guo, F.L. Guo, J.G. Guo, X.L. Guo, Y.Q. Guo, Y.Y. Han, Y.A. He, H.H. He, H.N. He, J.C. He, S.L. He, X.B. He, Y. Heller, M. Hor, Y.K. Hou, C. Hu, H.B. Hu, S. Hu, S.C. Hu, X.J. Huang, D.H. Huang, Q.L. Huang, W.H. Huang, X.T. Huang, X.Y. Huang, Z.C. Ji, F. Ji, X.L. Jia, H.Y. Jiang, K. Jiang, Z.J. Jin, C. Ke, T. Kuleshov, D. Levochkin, K. Li, B.B. Li, Cheng Li, Cong Li, F. Li, H.B. Li, H.C. Li, H.Y. Li, J. Li, K. Li, W.L. Li, X.R. Li, Xin Li, Xin Li, Y. Li, Y.Z. Li, Zhe Li, Zhuo Liang, E.W. Liang, Y.F. Lin, S.J. Liu, B. Liu, C. Liu, D. Liu, H. Liu, H.D. Liu, J. Liu, J.L. Liu, J.S. Liu, J.Y. Liu, M.Y. Liu, R.Y. Liu, S.M. Liu, W. Liu, Y. Liu, Y.N. Liu, Z.X. Long, W.J. Lu, R. Lv, H.K. Ma, B.Q. Ma, L.L. Ma, X.H. Mao, J.R. Masood, A. Min, Z. Mitthumsiri, W. Montaruli, T. Nan, Y.C. Pang, B.Y. Pattarakijwanich, P. Pei, Z.Y. Qi, M.Y. Qi, Y.Q. Qiao, B.Q. Qin, J.J. Ruffolo, D. Rulev, V. Sáiz, A. Shao, L. Shchegolev, O. Sheng, X.D. Shi, J.Y. Song, H.C. Stenkin, Yu.V. Stepanov, V. Su, Y. Sun, Q.N. Southwest Jiaotong University School of Physical Science and Technology No. 999 Xi’an Road Chengdu China Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center No. 19B Yuquan Road Beijing100049 China Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center No. 1500 Kezhi Road Chengdu China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center Sichuan Chengdu China Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies 31 Fitzwilliam Place Dublin 2 Ireland Max-Planck-Institut for Nuclear Physics P.O. Box 103980 Heidelberg69029 Germany State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics China University of Science and Technology of China Anhui Hefei230026 China School of Physical Science and Technology School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong University Sichuan Chengdu610031 China College of Physics Sichuan University Sichuan Chengdu610065 China School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing University Jiangsu Nanjing210023 China Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou University Guangdong Guangzhou510006 China School of Physics and Technology Wuhan University Hubei Wuhan430072 China Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Jiangsu Nanjing210023 China Hebei Normal University Hebei Shijiazhuang050024 China Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai200030 China Ministry of Education Tibet Lhasa850000 China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China Sun Yat-sen University Guangdong Zhuhai519000 China Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università di Napoli ‘Federico II" Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo via Cinthia Napoli80126 Italy School of Physics and As

The Wide Field-of-view Cherenkov Telescope Array (WFCTA) of Large high Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) is designed to perform nearly calorimetric measurements of extensive air showers induced by cosmic rays with energies between 1013 eV - 1018 eV. In order to achieve an end-to-end calibration of WFCTA and investigate properties of the atmospheric aerosol, five laser systems have been operated at LHAASO, including 3 nitrogen and 2 Nd:YAG laser devices. This work presents an overview of the laser signals received by the telescope and the monitoring of geometric information related to nitrogen laser events. Additionally, it introduces the simulation method for the LHAASO-WFCTA laser calibration system. Through prolonged and stable operation, a substantial amount of data has been accumulated, requiring further data analysis for the calibration of the telescope’s absolute gain and measurement of aerosol extinction coefficients. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons.

关键词： Cosmology

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Deep insights into interface engineering by buffer layer for efficient perovskite solar cells: a firstprinciples study

引用

science China Materials 2020年第8期63卷 1588-1596页

作者： Le Huang Huafeng Dong Nengjie Huo Zhaoqiang Zheng Hui-Xiong Deng Gang Zhang Yuan Cheng Jingbo Li School of Materials and Energy Guangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Institute of semiconductor science and technology South China Normal UniversityGuangzhou 510631China State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures Institute of SemiconductorsChinese Academy of Sciences&College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100083China Institute of High Performance Computing A*STARSingapore

Recent years have seen swift increase in the power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells(PSCs)Interface engineering is a promising route for further improving the performance of *** we perform firstprinciples calculations to explore the effect of four candidate buffer materials(MACl,MAI,PbCl2and PbI2)on the electronic structures of the interface between MAPbI3absorber and *** find that MAX(X=Cl,I)as buffer layers will introduce a high electron barrier and enhance the electronhole ***,MAX does not passivate the surface states *** conduction band minimum of PbI2is much lower than that of MAPbI3absorber,which significantly limits the band bending of the absorber and open-circuit voltage of solar *** the other side,suitable bandedge energy level positions,small lattice mismatch with TiO2surfaces,and excellent surface passivation make PbCl2a promising buffer material for absorber/electron-transport-layer interface engineering in *** results in this work thus provide deep understanding on the effects of interface engineering with a buffer layer,which shall be useful for improving the performance of PSCs and related optoelectronics.

关键词： perovskite solar cells buffer layer interface engineering band alignment interfacial defect passivation

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Revealing Interfacial Properties of Inorganic Molecular Crystal Sb2o3 and Monolayer Mos2

SSRN

引用

SSRN 2023年

作者： Liu, Qin Zuo, Yang He, Jingyu Zeng, Minggang Yang, Tong Zhou, Jun Yang, Yulin Song, Ting Ting Wang, Shijie Yang, Ming College of Physics and Space Science China West Normal University Nanchong637002 China Department of Applied Physics The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Hong Kong Institute of High-Performance Computing A∗STAR 1 Fusionopolis Way Singapore138632 Singapore Institute of Materials Research and Engineering A ∗ STAR 2 Fusionopolis Way Singapore138634 Singapore Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Devices School of Optoelectronic and Communication Engineering Xiamen University of Technology Xiamen361024 China Research Centre on Data Sciences & Artificial Intelligence The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Hong Kong

Inorganic molecule crystal Sb2O3 has been identified as a promising high-k dielectric for direct integration with the two-dimensional semiconductor MoS2. However, a comprehensive understanding of this van der Waals (vdW) interface is still lacking, impeding its applications in high-performance nanoelectronics. In this study, we employ first-principles calculations to elucidate the interfacial interaction and electronic properties of the Sb2O3/monolayer MoS2 interface. We find that a high-performance quasi-vdW interface can be formed between Sb2O3 and monolayer MoS2, as evidenced by weak interfacial interaction, a dangling-bond-free interface, insignificant electron-hole puddle redistribution, and the preserved semiconducting properties of monolayer MoS2. Notably, the interface exhibits a remarkable defect tolerance capability during integration, as Sb2O3 cluster vacancies (the dominant defect in Sb2O3) neither introduce mid-gap states nor significantly affect the interface properties. Besides, our study reveals an asymmetric type-I band alignment at the interface, where the conduction band offset is sufficiently large to minimize electron tunneling. Our work offers a comprehensive understanding of the vdW interface between Sb2O3 and monolayer MoS2, which could potentially advance the development of inorganic molecular crystals as high-k dielectrics for high-performance two-dimensional electronic devices. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Antimony compounds

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Weakly supervised learning for textbook question answering

TechRxiv

引用

TechRxiv 2021年

作者： Ma, Jie Chai, Qi Huang, Jingyue Liu, Jun You, Yang Zheng, Qinghua National Engineering Lab for Big Data Analytics School of Computer Science and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong University Shaanxi Xi’an710049 China Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Satellite and Terrestrial Network Tech. R&D School of Computer Science and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong University Shaanxi Xi’an710049 China The High Performance Computing for Artificial intelligence Lab Department of Computer Science National University of Singapore 117417 Singapore

Textbook Question Answering (TQA) is the task of answering diagram and non-diagram questions given large multimodal contexts consisting of abundant text and diagrams. Deep text understandings and effective learning of diagram semantics are important for this task due to its specificity. In this paper, we propose a Weakly Supervised learning method for TQA (WSTQ), which regards the incompletely accurate results of essential intermediate procedures for this task as supervision to develop Text Matching (TM) and Relation Detection (RD) tasks and then employs the tasks to motivate itself to learn strong text comprehension and excellent diagram semantics respectively. Specifically, we apply the result of text retrieval to build positive as well as negative text pairs. In order to learn deep text understandings, we first pre-train the text understanding module of WSTQ on TM and then fine-tune it on TQA. We build positive as well as negative relation pairs by checking whether there is any overlap between the items/regions detected from diagrams using object detection. The RD task forces our method to learn the relationships between regions, which are crucial to express the diagram semantics. We train WSTQ on RD and TQA simultaneously, i.e., multitask learning, to obtain effective diagram semantics and then improve the TQA performance. Extensive experiments are carried out on CK12-QA and AI2D to verify the effectiveness of WSTQ. Experimental results show that our method achieves significant accuracy improvements of 5.02% and 4.12% on test splits of the above datasets respectively than the current state-of-the-art baseline. We have released our code on https://***/dr-majie/WSTQ. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Semantics

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Multi-Modal Transformer for Accelerated MR Imaging

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2021年

作者： Feng, Chun-Mei Yan, Yunlu Chen, Geng Xu, Yong Hu, Ying Shao, Ling Fu, Huazhu Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Visual Object Detection and Recognition Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen518055 China National Engineering Laboratory for Integrated AeroSpace-Ground-Ocean Big Data Application Technology School of Computer Science and Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi’an710072 China Terminus Group China Institute of High Performance Computing A*STAR Singapore138632 Singapore

Accelerated multi-modal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is a new and effective solution for fast MR imaging, providing superior performance in restoring the target modality from its undersampled counterpart with guidance from an auxiliary modality. However, existing works simply combine the auxiliary modality as prior information, lacking in-depth investigations on the potential mechanisms for fusing different modalities. Further, they usually rely on the convolutional neural networks (CNNs), which is limited by the intrinsic locality in capturing the long-distance dependency. To this end, we propose a multi-modal transformer (MTrans), which is capable of transferring multi-scale features from the target modality to the auxiliary modality, for accelerated MR imaging. To capture deep multi-modal information, our MTrans utilizes an improved multi-head attention mechanism, named cross attention module, which absorbs features from the auxiliary modality that contribute to the target modality. Our framework provides three appealing benefits: (i) Our MTrans use an improved transformers for multi-modal MR imaging, affording more global information compared with existing CNN-based methods. (ii) A new cross attention module is proposed to exploit the useful information in each modality at different scales. The small patch in the target modality aims to keep more fine details, the large patch in the auxiliary modality aims to obtain high-level context features from the larger region and supplement the target modality effectively. (iii) We evaluate MTrans with various accelerated multi-modal MR imaging tasks, e.g., MR image reconstruction and super-resolution, where MTrans outperforms state-of-the-art methods on fastMRI and real-world clinical datasets. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Magnetic resonance imaging

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When Deep Learning Meets Information Retrieval-based Bug Localization: A Survey

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Niu, Feifei Li, Chuanyi Liu, Kui Xia, Xin Lo, David State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Software Institute Nanjing University Nanjing China Software Engineering Application Technology Lab Huawei Hangzhou China College of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang University China School of Computing and Information Systems Singapore Management University Singapore

Bug localization is a crucial aspect of software maintenance, running through the entire software lifecycle. Information retrieval-based bug localization (IRBL) identifies buggy code based on bug reports, expediting the bug resolution process for developers. Recent years have witnessed significant achievements in IRBL, propelled by the widespread adoption of deep learning (DL). To provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of the art and delve into key issues, we conduct a survey encompassing 61 IRBL studies leveraging DL. We summarize best practices in each phase of the IRBL workflow, undertake a meta-analysis of prior studies, and suggest future research directions. This exploration aims to guide further advancements in the field, fostering a deeper understanding and refining practices for effective bug localization. Our study suggests that the integration of DL in IRBL enhances the model’s capacity to extract semantic and syntactic information from both bug reports and source code, addressing issues such as lexical gaps, neglect of code structure information, and cold-start problems. Future research avenues for IRBL encompass exploring diversity in programming languages, adopting fine-grained granularity, and focusing on real-world applications. Most importantly, although some studies have started using large language models for IRBL, there is still a need for more in-depth exploration and thorough investigation in this area. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Online searching

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Direct observation of topological surface state in the topological superconductor 2M-WS2

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2022年

作者： Cho, Soohyun Huh, Soonsang Fang, Yuqiang Hua, Chenqiang Bai, Hua Jiang, Zhicheng Liu, Zhengtai Liu, Jishan Chen, Zhenhua Fukushima, Yuto Harasawa, Ayumi Kawaguchi, Kaishu Shin, Shik Kondo, Takeshi Lu, Yunhao Mu, Gang Huang, Fuqiang Shen, Dawei State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai200050 China Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Institute for Solid State Physics University of Tokyo Kashiwa277-8581 Japan Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device Department of Physics Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China Shanghai Synchrotron Facility Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai201204 China Trans-scale Quantum Science Institute University of Tokyo Tokyo113-0033 Japan State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Science Shanghai200050 China State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing100871 China

The quantum spin Hall (QSH) effect has attracted extensive research interest because of the potential applications in spintronics and quantum computing, which is attributable to two conducting edge channels with opposite spin polarization and the quantized electronic conduc- tance of 2e2/h. Recently, 2M-WS2, a new stable phase of transition metal dichalcogenides with a 2M structure showing an identical layer configuration to that of the monolayer 1T′ TMDs, was suggested to be a QSH insulator as well as a superconductor with critical transition temper- ature around 8 K. Here, high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and spin-resolved ARPES are applied to investigate the electronic and spin structure of the topological surface states (TSS) in the superconducting 2M-WS2. The TSS exhibits charac- teristic spin-momentum-locking behavior, suggesting the existence of long-sought nontrivial Z2 topological states therein. We expect that 2M-WS2 with co-existing superconductivity and TSS might host the promising Majorana bound states. © 2022, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Tungsten compounds

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Experimental Evidence of Topological Surface states in Mg3Bi2 Films Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy

引用

Chinese Physics Letters 2019年第11期36卷 65-69页

作者： Tong Zhou Xie-Gang Zhu Mingyu Tong Yun Zhang Xue-Bing Luo Xiangnan Xie Wei Feng Qiuyun Chen Shiyong Tan Zhen-Yu Wang Tian Jiang Yuhua Tang Xin-Chun Lai Xuejun Yang State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing College of ComputerNational University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073 Science and Technology on Surface Physics and Chemistry Laboratory Jiangyou 621908 National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology Academy of Military Sciences PLA ChinaBeijing 100010 Institute of Materials China Academy of Engineering PhysicsMianyang 621700 College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073 Academy of Military Sciences PLA China Beijing 100010 Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences Beijing 100084

Nodal line semimetal(NLS) is a new quantum state hosting one-dimensional closed loops formed by the crossing of two bands. The so-called type-Ⅱ NLS means that these two crossing bands have the same sign in their slopes along the radial direction of the loop, which requires that the crossing bands are either right-tilted or left-tilted at the same time. According to the theoretical prediction, Mg3Bi2 is an ideal candidate for studying the type-Ⅱ NLS by tuning its spin-orbit coupling(SOC). high-quality Mg3 Bi2 films are grown by molecular beam epitaxy(MBE). By in-situ angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy(ARPES), a pair of surface resonance bands around theГ point are clearly seen. This shows that Mg3Bi2 films grown by MBE are Mg(1)-terminated by comparing the ARPES spectra with the first principles calculations results. Moreover, the temperature dependent weak anti-localization effect in Mg3Bi2 films is observed under magneto-transport measurements, which shows clear two-dimensional(2 D) e-e scattering characteristics by fitting with the Hikami–Larkin–Nagaoka model. Therefore, by combining with ARPES, magneto-transport measurements and the first principles calculations, this work proves that Mg3Bi2 is a semimetal with topological surface states. This paves the way for Mg3Bi2 to be used as an ideal material platform to study the exotic features of type-Ⅱ nodal line semimetals and the topological phase transition by tuning its SOC.

关键词： bands topological terminated

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Giant domain wall anomalous Hall effect in an antiferromagnet

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Xia, Wei Bai, Bo Chen, Xuejiao Yang, Yichen Zhang, Yang Yuan, Jian Li, Qiang Yang, Kunya Liu, Xiangqi Shi, Yang Ma, Haiyang Yang, Huali He, Mingquan Li, Lei Xi, Chuanying Pi, Li Lv, Xiaodong Wang, Xia Liu, Xuerong Li, Shiyan Zhou, Xiaodong Liu, Jianpeng Chen, Yulin Shen, Jian Shen, Dawei Zhong, Zhicheng Wang, Wenbo Guo, Yanfeng School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai201210 China CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials Devices Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo315201 China State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai200050 China State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics Department of Physics Fudan University Shanghai200433 China Low Temperature Physics Lab College of Physics Center of Quantum Materials and Devices Chongqing University Chongqing401331 China Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi’an710072 China Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions High Magnetic Field Laboratory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Anhui Hefei230031 China ShanghaiTech Laboratory for Topological Physics ShanghaiTech University Shanghai201210 China College of Physics and Electronic Information Inner Mongolia Normal University 81 Zhaowuda Road Inner Mongolia Hohhot010022 China Analytical Instrumentation Center School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai201210 China Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing Fudan University Shanghai200433 China Clarendon Laboratory Department of Physics University of Oxford OxfordOX1 3PU United Kingdom National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory University of Science and Technology of China 42 South Hezuohua Road Anhui Hefei230029 China

Generally, the dissipationless Hall effect in solids requires time-reversal symmetry breaking (TRSB), where TRSB induced by external magnetic field results in ordinary Hall effect, while TRSB caused by spontaneous magnetization gives rise to anomalous Hall effect (AHE) which scales with the net magnetization. The AHE is therefore not expected in antiferromagnets with vanishing small magnetization. However, large AHE was recently observed in certain antiferromagnets with noncolinear spin structure and nonvanishing Berry curvature. Here, we report another origin of AHE in a layered antiferromagnet EuAl2Si2, namely the domain wall (DW) skew scattering with Weyl points near the Fermi level, in experiments for the first time. Interestingly, the DWs form a unique periodic stripe structure with controllable periodicity by external magnetic field, which decreases nearly monotonically from 975 nm at 0 T to 232 nm at 4 T. Electrons incident on DW with topological bound states experience strong asymmetric scattering, leading to a giant AHE, with the DW Hall conductivity (DWHC) at 2 K and 1.2 T reaching a record value of ∼1.51×104 S cm-1 among bulk systems and being two orders of magnitude larger than the intrinsic anomalous Hall conductivity. The observation not only sets a new paradigm for exploration of large anomalous Hall effect, but also provides potential applications in spintronic devices. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Hall effect

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Adversarial Relighting Against Face Recognition

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2021年

作者： Zhang, Qian Guo, Qing Gao, Ruijun Juefei-Xu, Felix Yu, Hongkai Feng, Wei School of Computer Science and Technology College of Intelligence and Computing Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cognitive Computing and Application Tianjin University Tianjin300305 China State Administration of Cultural Heritage China Nanyang Technological University Singapore Alibaba Group United States Cleveland State University ClevelandOH United States

Deep face recognition (FR) has achieved significantly high accuracy on several challenging datasets and fosters successful real-world applications, even showing high robustness to the illumination variation that is usually regarded as a main threat to the FR system. However, in the real world, illumination variation caused by diverse lighting conditions cannot be fully covered by the limited face dataset. In this paper, we study the threat of lighting against FR from a new angle, i.e., adversarial attack, and identify a new task, i.e., adversarial relighting. Given a face image, adversarial relighting aims to produce a naturally relighted counterpart while fooling the state-of-the-art deep FR methods. To this end, we first propose the physical model-based adversarial relighting attack (ARA) denoted as albedo-quotient-based adversarial relighting attack (AQ-ARA). It generates natural adversarial light under the physical lighting model and guidance of FR systems and synthesizes adversarially relighted face images. Moreover, we propose the auto-predictive adversarial relighting attack (AP-ARA) by training an adversarial relighting network (ARNet) to automatically predict the adversarial light in a one-step manner according to different input faces, allowing efficiency-sensitive applications. More importantly, we propose to transfer the above digital attacks to physical ARA (Phy-ARA) through a precise relighting device, making the estimated adversarial lighting condition reproducible in the real world. We validate our methods on three state-of-the-art deep FR methods, i.e., FaceNet, ArcFace, and CosFace, on two public datasets. The extensive and insightful results demonstrate our work can generate realistic adversarial relighted face images fooling face recognition tasks easily, revealing the threat of specific light directions and strengths. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Face recognition

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