The cDNA of the metallothionein-like (MT-like) gene from Festuca rubra cv. Merlin was optimized with bias codon of Chlamydomonous reinhardtii chloroplast genome. The optimized MT-like gene was de-livered into C. reinh...
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The cDNA of the metallothionein-like (MT-like) gene from Festuca rubra cv. Merlin was optimized with bias codon of Chlamydomonous reinhardtii chloroplast genome. The optimized MT-like gene was de-livered into C. reinhardtii chloroplast and the transgenic strains expressing MT-like gene was obtained. PCR-Southern blot and RT-PCR-Southern blot analysis demonstrated that the MT-like gene was inte-grated into chloroplast genome of C. reinhardtii and expressed at the transcriptional level. The cad-mium binding capacity of the transgenic C. reinhardtii was determined by hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry (HG-AFS) and the binding properties were analyzed. Results showed that the transgenic C. reinhardtii expressing the MT-like gene exhibited remarkably higher Cd2+ binding capacity and grew to higher densities at toxic Cd2+ concentrations (40-100 μmol/L) than the wild type strain, and that the IC50 of Cd2+ (3-d treating ) to algal cell growth of transgenic strain was 55.43% higher than that of the wild type strain, indicating that the Cd2+ binding capacity and Cd2+ tolerance of C. reinhardtii was enhanced through the expression of the foreign MT-like gene in chloroplast.
In this paper, nonlinear observers are incorporated into the discontinuous projection based adaptive robust control (ARC) to synthesize performance oriented controllers for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems with ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424431236
In this paper, nonlinear observers are incorporated into the discontinuous projection based adaptive robust control (ARC) to synthesize performance oriented controllers for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems with unknown sinusoidal disturbances. In addition to magnitudes and phases, frequencies of the sinusoidal disturbances need not to be known as well, so long as the overall order is known. A nonlinear observer is constructed to eliminate the effect of unknown sinusoidal disturbances to improve the steady-state output tracking performance - asymptotic output tracking is achieved when the system is subjected to unknown sinusoidal disturbance only. The discontinuous projection based adaptation law is used to obtain robust estimate of all unknown parameters. In addition, a dynamic normalization signal is introduced to construct adaptive robust control laws to effectively deal with various uncertainties for a guaranteed robust performance in general. Compared with the existing internal model principle based robust adaptive designs for unknown sinusoidal disturbances, the model uncertainties considered in the paper can be of unmatched. Furthermore, in the presence of other disturbances and uncertainties in addition to the sinusoidal disturbances, the proposed approach achieves a guaranteed output tracking robust performance in terms of both the transient and the steady-state, as opposed to the robust stability results of the existing internal model principle based designs.
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